中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9056-9066.doi: 10.12307/2026.868

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

不同物理因子治疗膝骨关节炎:有效性和安全性的网状Meta分析

武瑞骐1,2,董盼锋1,张洪瑞1,2,吕永斌1,2,彭清林1,卓映宏1,陈跃平1   

  1. 1广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市  530000;2广西中医药大学,广西壮族自治区南宁市  530299
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-19 修回日期:2026-01-23 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈跃平,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530000 并列通讯作者:董盼锋,硕士,副主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530000
  • 作者简介:武瑞骐,男,1998年生,海南省海口市人,汉族,广西中医药大学在读博士,主要从事脊柱、骨关节创伤性疾病防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家中西医协同“旗舰”科室-广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院骨伤科,项目负责人:陈跃平;广西自然科学基金项目(2023JJA140318),项目负责人:陈跃平;广西自然科学基金项目(502189963012),项目负责人:董盼锋;广西中医药大学研究生教育创新计划项目(YCBXJ2025029),项目负责人:武瑞骐;广西中医药大学A类“桂派中医药传承创新团队”项目(2022A004),项目负责人:陈跃平

Different physical factor therapies for knee osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety

Wu Ruiqi1, 2, Dong Panfeng1, Zhang Hongrui1, 2, Lyu Yongbin1, 2, Peng Qinglin1, Zhuo Yinghong1, Chen Yueping1     

  1. 1Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530299, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-11-19 Revised:2026-01-23 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-15
  • Contact: Dong Panfeng, MS, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wu Ruiqi, PhD candidate, Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530299, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China Corresponding author: Chen Yueping, PhD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, a National Flagship Department for the Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine (to CYP); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, No. 2023JJA140318 (to CYP); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, No. 502189963012 (to DPF); Graduate Education Innovation Program of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. YCBXJ2025029 (to WRQ); Class A Project of the Guipai Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Team, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2022A004 (to CYP)

摘要:



文题释义:
膝骨关节炎:由年龄、体质量、遗传、关节创伤以及生活习惯等多种因素共同导致的关节软骨病变,症状主要表现为关节疼痛,并伴随着关节僵硬、功能障碍等一系列退行性变化。
物理因子治疗:是康复医学的重要组成部分,以非药物、非侵入性手段,通过声、光、电、磁、热、力等能量作用于机体并诱发一系列生物物理和生物化学反应,进而镇痛、消炎、改善循环、促进组织修复及功能重建。

目的:膝骨关节炎的物理因子治疗方式越来越多,尚缺乏全面评估不同物理因子之间疗效对比的研究。因此,此次研究通过网状Meta分析比较不同物理因子治疗膝骨关节炎的有效性及安全性。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库以及中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统,选择各数据库建库至2025-07-25有关物理因子治疗膝骨关节炎的随机对照试验,筛选文献及提取数据后,通过Cochrane推荐的风险偏倚评价工具评估纳入文献的质量,采用Stata 16.0、RevMan 5.4.1软件进行统计学分析。
结果:①最终纳入65篇文献,共3 418例患者,包括治疗组1 726例、对照组1 692例,并研究了7种物理因子治疗膝骨关节炎的康复方案。②网状Meta分析显示,在提高治疗总有效率方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):脉冲电磁场+常规康复>超声波+常规康复>经皮电刺激+常规康复;在改善膝关节目测类比评分方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):经皮电刺激+常规康复>体外冲击波+常规康复>超声波+常规康复;在改善WOMAC总评分方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):超声波+常规康复>脉冲电磁场+常规康复>超声波+经皮电刺激+常规康复;在减少WOMAC关节僵硬评分方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):经皮电刺激+常规康复>超声波+常规康复>超声波+经皮电刺激+常规康复;在改善生活质量SF-36评分方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):脉冲电磁场+常规康复>体外冲击波+常规康复>超声波+常规康复;在改善Lysholm膝关节评分方面,累积概率排名曲线下面积由高到低的干预措施为(排名前3):超声波+常规康复>超声波+经皮电刺激+常规康复>体外冲击波+常规康复;在不良反应方面,各研究均未报道严重不良反应,多数研究仅报道了轻微的皮肤刺激、过敏反应。
结论:经皮电刺激联合常规康复治疗在改善膝骨关节炎患者目测类比评分与WOMAC关节僵硬评分方面显示出较高的优势;超声波联合常规康复治疗在改善Lysholm膝关节评分及WOMAC总评分方面的表现相对较好;脉冲电磁场联合常规康复治疗在改善膝骨关节炎患者整体生活质量方面具有一定的潜在优势,每种物理因子都有其独特的优势,但受纳入文献质量与数量限制,上述结论有待更多高质量、多中心、大样本的随机对照试验加以验证。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-307X(武瑞骐);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-1568(陈跃平);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-6610(董盼锋)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 物理因子治疗, 网状Meta分析, 临床疗效, 非手术治疗, 康复治疗, 系统评价

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic modalities of physical factor interventions for knee osteoarthritis have been increasingly diversified; however, comprehensive comparative evaluations of their efficacy remain limited. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of various physical factor therapies for knee osteoarthritis through a network meta-analysis.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials on physical factor therapy for knee osteoarthritis were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, WanFang, and SinoMed databases from inception to July 25, 2025. Eligible studies were screened, and data were extracted. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.4.1.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 65 randomized controlled trials involving 3 418 patients were included, with 1 726 in the intervention group and 1 692 in the control group, covering 7 types of physical factor-based rehabilitation regimens. (2) For overall clinical response rate, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were pulsed electromagnetic field therapy > ultrasound therapy > transcutaneous electrical stimulation, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. For reduction in knee pain assessed by the visual analogue scale, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were transcutaneous electrical stimulation > extracorporeal shock wave therapy > ultrasound, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. For improvement in total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were ultrasound > pulsed electromagnetic field therapy > ultrasound plus transcutaneous electrical stimulation, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. For reduction in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index stiffness subscale scores, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were transcutaneous electrical stimulation > ultrasound > ultrasound plus transcutaneous electrical stimulation, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. For improvement in 36-Item Short Form Survey quality-of-life scores, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were pulsed electromagnetic field therapy > extracorporeal shock wave therapy > ultrasound, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. For improvement in Lysholm knee scores, the top three interventions ranked by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve were ultrasound > ultrasound plus transcutaneous electrical stimulation > extracorporeal shock wave therapy, each combined with conventional rehabilitation. No serious adverse events were reported across the included studies; most trials only documented mild skin irritation or allergic reactions.
CONCLUSION: Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the results of the network meta-analysis, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy demonstrated a relatively higher probability of benefit in improving visual analogue scale scores and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index stiffness scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis; ultrasound therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy showed comparatively better performance in improving Lysholm knee scores and total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores; pulsed electromagnetic field therapy combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy exhibited a potential advantage in enhancing overall quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Each physical factor possesses its unique advantages; however, given the limitations in the quality and quantity of the included studies, these findings require further verification through high-quality, multicenter, large-sample randomized controlled trials.


Key words: knee osteoarthritis, physical factor therapy, network meta-analysis, clinical efficacy, non-surgical treatment, rehabilitation therapy, systematic review

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