中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9067-9074.doi: 10.12307/2026.859

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

不同剂量水中运动对老年人肌肉力量影响的Meta分析

王奕飞1，赵  婧2，高铭辰1，吴小彬1   

  1. 1成都体育学院体育教育学院，四川省成都市  610000；2兰州大学体育教研部，甘肃省兰州市  730000

  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01 修回日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-12-08 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 吴小彬，博士，教授，成都体育学院体育教育学院，四川省成都市 610000
  • 作者简介:王奕飞，男，2000年生，四川省德阳市人，汉族，硕士，主要从事运动干预健康的研究。

Different doses of aquatic exercise for improving muscle strength in older adults: a meta-analysis

Wang Yifei¹, Zhao Jing², Gao Mingchen¹, Wu Xiaobin¹    

  1. ¹School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China; ²Department of Physical Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2025-12-01 Revised:2026-02-11 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-15
  • Contact: Wu Xiaobin, PhD, Professor, School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Yifei, MS, School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China

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摘要：



文题释义：
肌肉力量衰减：是指随着年龄增长，人体骨骼肌质量、力量和功能进行性下降的现象。它不仅表现为肌肉力量减弱，还会导致日常活动能力受限，如行走困难、容易跌倒，甚至影响身体的整体健康和生活质量。肌肉力量衰减是老年人失去独立性、增加疾病风险的关键因素之一，因此，通过运动干预来提升或维持肌肉力量，对于促进老年健康具有重要意义。
贝叶斯模型基础的剂量-反应Meta分析：结合了贝叶斯统计推断和Meta分析，不仅能够综合多个研究的证据来评估某种干预措施的整体效果，还能探究干预措施的不同剂量与反应之间是否存在非线性的关系。通过构建数学模型，这种方法可以更精细地量化不同剂量下的效应，并确定最佳剂量范围，为制定个性化运动处方提供更精准的循证依据。

目的：旨在通过一项贝叶斯模型基础的剂量-反应Meta分析，系统评估并量化不同剂量的水中运动对健康老年人肌肉力量的影响，以确定最优运动方案，为制定精准化运动处方提供循证依据。
方法：系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网和万方等中英文数据库，纳入截至2025年3月发表的关于水中运动干预老年人肌肉力量的随机对照试验。采用R 4.5.0进行数据分析：首先通过传统Meta分析评估总体效果；随后应用贝叶斯模型基础的剂量-反应Meta分析，以量化各剂量维度与肌力改善之间的非线性剂量-反应关系。采用标准化均数差及其95%可信区间(CI)作为效应统计量。
结果：①共纳入13篇随机对照试验，涉及531名参与者。②Meta分析总体结果显示，与对照组相比，水中运动能显著提升老年人肌肉力量 (标准化均数差=0.56，95%CI 0.39-0.74，P < 0.000 1)。③剂量-反应分析显示，训练周期、频率与周总时长的效应随剂量增加呈累积趋势：当训练周期在24周达到峰值 (标准化均数差=0.65，95%CI 0.40–0.66)；频率为每周2次时即可获得显著增益 (标准化均数差=0.56，95%CI 0.22–0.58)，3次时效应略有提升 (标准化均数差=0.62，95%CI 0.24–0.62)；每周累计时长在100 min时效应显著 (标准化均数差=0.58，95%CI 0.34–0.60)，并在200 min后趋于平台。④与之相比，单次训练时长与强度的效应则呈现倒U型关系：单次时长效应在40 min达到峰值 (标准化均数差=0.62，95%CI 0.32–0.82)，最佳区间为30–45 min；而训练强度的最佳区间为Borg RPE 10-12分 (标准化均数差=0.45，95%CI 0.18–0.46)，超过此范围效益递减。
结论：水中运动是提升健康老年人肌肉力量的有效策略；建议老年人每周运动两三次，每次持续约40 min，运动强度维持在中等偏上水平(Borg RPE 10–12)，并应作为一项长期策略持续进行。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5325-3730(王奕飞)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 水中运动, 肌肉力量, 老年人, 剂量-反应分析, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate and quantify the effects of different doses of aquatic exercise on muscle strength in healthy older adults using a Bayesian model–based dose–response meta-analysis, thereby determining the optimal exercise regimen and providing evidence-based recommendations for precise exercise prescription.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in both English and Chinese databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang, to identify randomized controlled trials published up to March 2025 that investigated the effects of aquatic exercise on muscle strength in older adults. Data analysis was performed using R 4.5.0. A conventional meta-analysis was first conducted to estimate the overall effect, followed by a Bayesian model-based dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the nonlinear relationships between different exercise dose dimensions and improvements in muscle strength. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect measures.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 531 participants were included. (2) The overall meta-analysis showed that aquatic exercise significantly improved muscle strength in older adults compared with control groups (SMD=0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.74, P < 0.000 1). (3) Dose-response analyses indicated cumulative effects with increasing training duration, frequency, and total weekly time: the peak effect was observed at 24 weeks of training (SMD=0.65, 95% CI: 0.40–0.66); a frequency of twice per week already yielded significant benefits (SMD=0.56, 95% CI: 0.22–0.58), with a slight increase at three sessions per week (SMD=0.62, 95% CI: 0.24–0.62); total weekly training time showed a significant effect at 100 minutes (SMD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.34–0.60), reaching a plateau beyond 200 minutes. (4) In contrast, session duration and intensity exhibited inverted U-shaped relationships: the peak effect for session duration occurred at 40 minutes (SMD=0.62, 95% CI: 0.32–0.82), with an optimal range of 30–45 minutes; the optimal intensity range was Borg RPE 10–12 (SMD=0.45, 95% CI: 0.18–0.46), beyond which benefits declined.
CONCLUSION: Aquatic exercise is an effective strategy to enhance muscle strength in healthy older adults. It is recommended that older adults engage in aquatic exercise two to three times per week, for approximately 40 minutes per session, at a moderately high intensity (Borg RPE 10–12), which should be maintained as a long-term strategy.


Key words: aquatic exercise, muscle strength, older adults, dose-response analysis, meta-analysis

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