中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5403-5410.doi: 10.12307/2026.590

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹螺钉与新型变径全皮质骨螺钉的力学分析

解学晨1,居来提·买提肉孜1,李春超1,张  乐1,王轶希2,帕尔哈提·热西提2   

  1. 1新疆大学智能制造现代产业学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830017;2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 接受日期:2025-03-14 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 居来提·买提肉孜,副教授,新疆大学智能制造现代产业学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830017
  • 作者简介:解学晨,男,1999年生,山东省潍坊市人,汉族,新疆大学在读硕士,主要从事机械设计及理论研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国医学科学院第三届中国健康长寿创新大赛项目资助项目(2022-JKCS-19),项目负责人:帕尔哈提·热西提;
    “天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划基金项目(TSYC202301B026),项目负责人:帕尔哈提·热西提

Mechanical analysis of a bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw versus a new variable-diameter all-cortical bone screw

Xie Xuechen1, Julaiti·Maitirouzi1, Li Chunchao1, Zhang Le1, Wang Yixi2, Paerhati·Rexiti2   

  1. 1Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Accepted:2025-03-14 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-03
  • Contact: Julaiti·Maitirouzi, Associate professor, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Xie Xuechen, Master candidate, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Modern Industry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Third China Health and Longevity Innovation Competition of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2022-JKCS-19 (to PR); “Tianshan Talents” Medical and Health High-level Talent Training Program Fund Project, No. TSYC202301B026 (to PR)

摘要:

文题释义:

骨水泥强化:采用骨水泥增强技术,有助于提高骨水泥与皮质骨轨迹螺钉之间的界面连接强度,从而进一步加强骨水泥与骨骼的结合,提升螺钉的稳定性和抓握力。当骨水泥渗透到骨小梁时,可以增强椎体的稳固性,并与螺钉及骨骼形成一个复合体。这种结构使得椎体内的固定更加持久,为患者的椎体功能恢复提供了有力支撑,从而有效改善手术效果。
有限元分析:是一种数值方法,用于求解复杂工程和物理问题中的偏微分方程。它将连续介质(如结构、流体等)分割成小的离散单元,通过对这些单元进行数值计算,来估算整体行为。

摘要
背景:骨质疏松症导致的骨小梁结构稀少不足以维持螺钉的把持力,常导致内固定失败,可通过增加螺钉直径和长度、改变螺钉表面涂层、骨水泥强化钉道等措施来增加螺钉的把持力。骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉技术和采用新型变径螺钉的改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术已被证实有良好的固定效果,目前需要对两者相关力学性能进行分析比较。
目的:利用有限元分析法比较骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉技术、皮质骨轨迹置钉技术和采用新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉的改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术在腰椎内固定治疗中的力学性能。
方法:基于3具骨质疏松椎体标本的CT扫描数据构建L4腰椎模型,并在改良皮质骨置钉技术中应用了创新的变径全皮质骨螺钉(改良皮质骨轨迹置钉组),螺钉全长45 mm,直径为5.5-4.3 mm变径;与未强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组(直径为5.5 mm、长度为40 mm)和骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组(直径为5.5 mm、长度为40 mm、中心开孔直径为1 mm)进行对比。通过测定轴向拔出力、螺钉稳定性(上、下、左、右载荷位移比)、椎体活动度比较各组螺钉的固定强度。
结果与结论:①轴向抗拔出力:强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组> 改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组(P=0.024 6),且强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组、改良皮质骨轨迹置钉组均> 未强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组(P=0.000 1,P=0.002 64);②螺钉稳定性:在下方施加载荷时,3组螺钉的载荷位移比值为强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组> 未强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组、改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组(均P < 0.05),且改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组> 未强化皮质骨轨迹螺钉组(P < 0.05);③椎体活动度:在5种工况下骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组< 改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),且骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组、改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组均< 未强化皮质骨轨迹螺钉组;④与改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉组比较,骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉组的螺钉载荷位移比、腰椎活动度等相关力学性能均有提升,但差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤提示骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉技术与新型变径全皮质骨螺钉相比,具有更好的生物力学性能,且骨水泥强化皮质骨轨迹置钉技术可能是临床骨质疏松症患者内固定治疗更为合适的置钉选择。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 改良皮质骨轨迹, 腰椎内固定, 有限元分析, 骨水泥, 变径全皮质骨螺钉, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The scarcity of bone trabecular structures caused by osteoporosis is not enough to maintain screw holding power, which often leads to the failure of internal fixation surgery. The screw holding power is often increased by increasing the diameter and length of screws, changing the surface coating of screws, and reinforcing the nail track with bone cement. The cement reinforced cortical bone track nailing technique and the modified cortical bone track nailing technique using a new type of variable diameter screw have been proven to have good fixation effects, and now the related mechanical properties of the two need to be analyzed and compared.
OBJECTIVE: Finite element analysis was used to compare the mechanical properties of bone cement-strengthened cortical bone trajectory nailing technology, cortical bone trajectory nailing technology, and modified cortical bone trajectory nailing technology using a new variable-diameter total cortical bone thread screw in lumbar spine internal fixation surgery. 
METHODS: Based on the CT scan data processing of three osteoporotic vertebrae, the L4 lumbar spine model was constructed, and the innovative variable-diameter all-cortical bone screw was applied in the modified cortical bone nailing technique, with the screw having a total length of 45 mm and a variable diameter of 5.5-4.3 mm as the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group. It was compared with the standard cortical bone trajectory screw group (5.5 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length) and the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group (5.5 mm in diameter, 40 mm in length, and 1 mm in diameter in the center opening). The fixation strength of the screws in each group was compared by measuring the axial withdrawal force, screw stability (upper, lower, left, and right load displacement ratio), and vertebral body mobility.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Axial pullout strength: The bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group showed greater axial pullout strength than the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group (P=0.024 6). Additionally, both the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group and the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group exhibited significantly higher axial pullout strength compared with the standard cortical bone trajectory screw group (P=0.000 1 and P=0.002 64, respectively). (2) Screw stability: Under inferior loading conditions, the load-displacement ratio of the screws was highest in the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group, followed by the standard cortical bone trajectory screw group and the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group (all P < 0.05). The modified cortical bone trajectory screw group showed a higher stability compared with the standard cortical bone trajectory screw group (P < 0.05). (3) Vertebral mobility: Under five different loading conditions, the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group exhibited less vertebral mobility than the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group, and no significant difference was detected (P > 0.05). Furthermore, both the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group and the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group showed less vertebral mobility compared with the standard cortical bone trajectory screw group. (4) There were no statistically significant differences between the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw group and the modified cortical bone trajectory screw group in terms of load-displacement ratio and lumbar mobility (P > 0.05). (5) This suggests that the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw technique offers superior biomechanical performance compared with the novel variable-diameter full-cortical bone screw. Additionally, the bone cement-augmented cortical bone trajectory screw technique may be a more suitable choice for internal fixation surgery in clinical patients with osteoporosis.


Key words: modified cortical bone trajectory, lumbar internal fixation, finite element analysis, bone cement, variable diameter full cortical bone screw, biomechanics

中图分类号: