中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 7053-7060.doi: 10.12307/2026.425

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

内侧半月板前角撕裂与骨质退化程度的交互生物力学效应:有限元仿真分析

陈佳浩1,章家皓1,田佳庆1,向瑞安1,王  帅1,许学猛1,2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第五临床医学院,广东省广州市   510095;2广东省第二中医院,广东省广州市   510095
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-20 接受日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通讯作者: 许学猛,主任医师,博士生导师,广州中医药大学第五临床医学院,广东省广州市 510095;广东省第二中医院,广东省广州市 510095
  • 作者简介:陈佳浩,男,2001年生,广东省汕尾市人,汉族,广州中医药大学中医骨伤科在读硕士,主要从事退行性骨关节疾病中西医治疗方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技局重点研发计划项目(202206010048),项目负责人:许学猛;“广东特支计划”省卫生健康委领军人才项目(粤卫人函[2024]54号),项目负责人:许学猛;广州地区中西医协同临床重大创新技术建设项目(穗卫函[2023]2318号),项目负责人:许学猛

Interactive biomechanical effects between medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tears and osteoarthritic degeneration: a finite element simulation analysis

Chen Jiahao1, Zhang Jiahao1, Tian Jiaqing1, Xiang Ruian1, Wang Shuai1, Xu Xuemeng1, 2   

  1. 1Fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-20 Accepted:2026-01-05 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-05-14
  • Contact: Xu Xuemeng, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Jiahao, MS candidate, Fifth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510095, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Research & Development Program of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, No. 202206010048 (to XXM); "Guangdong Special Support Program" Provincial Health Commission Leading Talent Project, No. [2024]54 (to XXM); Guangzhou Regional Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Collaborative Clinical Major Innovation Technology Construction Project, No. [2023]2318 (to XXM)

摘要:

文题释义:

内侧半月板前角撕裂:指发生于膝关节内侧半月板前部纤维软骨的损伤。该部位撕裂会显著破坏半月板的正常环箍功能(即分散轴向压力的能力),导致胫骨平台承重面积减小,局部应力异常集中。
有限元仿真分析:指的是一种计算机模拟技术,用于构建和求解包含精确几何结构与材料属性的三维数学模型,与传统实验方法相比,它能够无创、可重复地分离并控制单一变量,从而清晰地揭示体内无法直接测量的生物力学参数。

摘要
背景:半月板损伤作为膝关节退变的重要诱因,其前角撕裂可通过改变关节应力分布加速骨关节炎进程。现有研究多关注正常骨质状态下的生物力学改变,而不同骨质条件对损伤机制的调控作用尚未明晰。
目的:探讨内侧半月板前角横行撕裂对不同骨质膝关节生物力学差异的影响。
方法:选取1名健康成人的下肢影像学数据,通过Mimics 2017软件构建正常膝关节模型,Geomagic Studio 2017、SolidWorks 2017软件进行优化并装配膝关节组件并建立内侧半月板前角横行撕裂模型。通过Ansys Workbench 2017软件设定材料属性,并模拟骨量减少及骨质疏松状态,建立三组有限元模型进行生物力学分析。采用前抽屉试验及轴向加载试验验证模型,此外,约束股骨、固定胫骨远端,施加1 000 N
的轴向压强载荷,计算分析不同骨质模型应力峰值及应变分布。
结果与结论:①在静态站立状态下,无论是正常或是损伤的内侧半月板模型,相较于正常骨量组,骨量降低、骨质疏松组的关节应力负荷显著偏高;②内侧半月板前角横行撕裂模型相较于正常模型组,对膝关节股骨软骨、内外侧半月板的应力载荷有渐进性增高趋势,而内外侧胫骨软骨表面的应力随骨质的减少而减少;对于半月板损伤模型,应力集中于损伤的边缘;③软骨下骨区域在骨量降低条件下表现出应力水平升高特征,特别是在内侧半月板损伤后,其应变分布范围及等效应力峰值均显著增加,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④提示内侧半月板前角横行撕裂在骨密度降低条件下会加剧关节接触面积缩小及局部应力集中,可能导致胫骨软骨下骨局部应变增加,提示骨质退化与半月板损伤之间存在交互生物力学效应。这一发现为骨质水平差异下的半月板修复策略选择提供了参考。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 内侧半月板前角撕裂, 骨质疏松, 半月板, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Meniscus injury, as a significant contributing factor to knee joint degeneration, can accelerate the progression of osteoarthritis through anterior horn tears that alter joint stress distribution. Existing studies primarily focus on biomechanical changes in normal bone conditions, while the regulatory role of different bone conditions on the injury mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tears on the biomechanical differences of knee joints with varying bone conditions.
METHODS: Imaging data of the lower limb from a healthy adult were used to construct a normal knee joint model in Mimics 2017. The model was further optimized and assembled using Geomagic Studio 2017 and SolidWorks 2017, and a medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tear model was established. Material properties were defined in Ansys Workbench 2017, and bone mass reduction and osteoporosis states were simulated to generate three finite element models for biomechanical analysis. Model validation was performed through anterior drawer and axial loading tests. Subsequently, the femur was constrained, the distal tibia was fixed, and a 1 000 N axial compressive load was applied. Peak stress and strain distribution were calculated across different bone quality models.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under static standing conditions, both intact and injured medial meniscus models exhibited significantly higher joint stress loading in the bone mass reduction and osteoporosis groups compared with the normal bone group. (2) In the medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tear model, stress loading on femoral cartilage and medial and lateral menisci showed a progressive increase compared with the intact model, whereas the stress on medial and lateral tibial cartilage decreased with reduced bone quality. In the injury model, stress was concentrated at the tear margins. (3) The subchondral bone region demonstrated elevated stress levels under reduced bone mass conditions, particularly after medial meniscus injury, where both strain distribution and peak equivalent stress were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). (4) This study demonstrates that medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tears, under conditions of reduced bone mineral density, exacerbate the reduction of joint contact area and local stress concentration, which may lead to increased tibia subchondral bone strain. These findings indicate an interactive biomechanical effect between bone degeneration and meniscal injury and provide a reference for selecting meniscal repair strategies according to different bone quality levels.

Key words: medial meniscus anterior horn transverse tears, osteoporosis, meniscus, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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