中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 5015-5023.doi: 10.12307/2026.219

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞来源外泌体应用于口腔组织再生的优势与潜力

李嘉鹏1,祖蕾娜·阿布拉1,贾谦谦1,妮尕热·于努斯江1,孙嘉琪1,赵  今2,吴泽钰2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学口腔医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830054;2新疆医科大学第一附属医院(附属口腔医院)牙体牙髓病科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830054
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 接受日期:2025-10-17 出版日期:2026-07-08 发布日期:2026-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 吴泽钰,博士,医师,新疆医科大学第一附属医院(附属口腔医院)牙体牙髓病科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830054
  • 作者简介:李嘉鹏,男,2004年生,新疆医科大学在读本科,主要从事口腔医学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划-青年博士人才基金,项目负责人:吴泽钰;新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科技创新领军人才项目(2023TSYCL0032),项目负责人:吴泽钰

Advantages and potential of cell-derived exosomes in oral tissue regeneration

Li Jiapeng1, Zuleina·Abula1, Jia Qianqian1, Nigare·Yunusijiang1, Sun Jiaqi1, Zhao Jin2, Wu Zeyu2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital) of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Accepted:2025-10-17 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Wu Zeyu, MD, Physician, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital) of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Li Jiapeng, School of Stomatology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianchi Talents" Introduction Program - Young Doctoral Talent Fund (to WZY); Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project, No. 2023TSYCL0032 (to WZY)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是由各种类型细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡,直径在30-150 nm之间,参与许多生理和病理过程。
口腔组织再生:通过一系列复杂的生物过程,促使口腔内受损或缺损的组织恢复原有结构与功能。涉及牙周膜、牙髓、颅面骨、唾液腺、神经及皮肤等多组织的修复,利用细胞、生物材料和生长因子等手段,刺激机体自身修复机制,以实现组织的功能性再生。

摘要
背景:干细胞在口腔组织再生中显示出巨大潜力,但面临免疫排斥和肿瘤形成等挑战。外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡,免疫原性降低,肿瘤风险减小,而且保留了干细胞的功能,如促进血管生成和组织修复等。
目的:综述外泌体在口腔组织再生中的机制及作用,探讨外泌体工程策略及在口腔再生医学应用中的挑战和未来方向。
方法:检索万方和PubMed数据库从建库至2025年发表的相关文献,以“干细胞,外泌体,牙髓再生,牙周再生”等为中文检索词,以“exosomes,stem cells,dentistry,regenerate”等为英文检索词进行检索,最终纳入94篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①外泌体较干细胞免疫原性低、无致瘤风险、稳定性高且易储存运输,还可穿透致密组织定向传递,能规避干细胞治疗面临的伦理及免疫排斥等问题,是更安全有效的治疗选择;②外泌体在牙髓、牙周、颅面骨、唾液腺、神经和皮肤等口腔组织再生中成效显著,能通过多种机制促进组织修复与再生,展现出广阔的应用前景;③预处理、分离纯化、靶向修饰等工程化策略可强化外泌体功能,提升外泌体治疗潜力和临床可行性,但目前相关技术仍有局限,未来需进一步优化以推动外泌体的广泛应用。

关键词: 干细胞, 外泌体, 工程化外泌体, 口腔, 牙髓再生, 牙周再生, 颅骨再生, 唾液腺再生

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cells show a great potential in oral tissue regeneration but face challenges such as immune rejection and tumor formation. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, reducing immunogenicity and tumor risks while maintaining stem cell functions, such as promoting angiogenesis and tissue repair.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanisms and roles of exosomes in oral tissue regeneration, explore exosome engineering strategies and the challenges and future directions in the application of exosomes in oral regenerative medicine.
METHODS: The relevant literature published from the WanFang and PubMed databases from their inception to 2025 was searched using Chinese search terms “stem cells, exosomes, dental pulp regeneration, periodontal regeneration” and English search terms “exosomes, stem cells, dentistry, regenerate.” Finally, 94 articles were included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes have lower immunogenicity and no tumorigenic risk compared with stem cells. They are more stable and easier to store and transport. Additionally, exosomes can penetrate dense tissues for targeted delivery. They can avoid the ethical and immune rejection issues faced by stem cell therapy, making them a safer and more effective treatment option. (2) Exosomes have shown significant efficacy in the regeneration of oral tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal tissue, craniofacial bone, salivary glands, nerves, and skin. They can promote tissue repair and regeneration through multiple mechanisms, demonstrating broad application prospects. (3) Engineering strategies such as pre-treatment, isolation and purification, and targeted modification can enhance the functions of exosomes, improving their therapeutic potential and clinical feasibility. However, the current technologies still have limitations. Further optimization is needed in the future to promote their widespread application. 


Key words: stem cell, exosome, engineered exosome, oral, pulp regeneration, periodontal regeneration, cranial bone regeneration, salivary gland regeneration

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