中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (30): 4883-4889.doi: 10.12307/2023.801

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

碳点基材料在骨组织工程中的应用

张清梅1，张路鹏1，杜秀娟1，李  冰2   

  1. 1太原科技大学应用科学学院，山西省太原市  030024；2山西医科大学口腔医学院，口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室，山西省太原市  030001
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-05 接受日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2023-10-28 发布日期:2023-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 李冰，博士，主任医师，博士生导师，山西医科大学口腔医学院，口腔疾病防治与新材料山西省重点实验室，山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:张清梅，女，1981年生，山西省临县人，汉族，2014年南京大学毕业，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事碳点的制备及其在生物医学领域应用的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11704274)，项目负责人：张清梅

Application of carbon dots-based materials in bone tissue engineering

Zhang Qingmei1, Zhang Lupeng1, Du Xiujuan1, Li Bing2   

  1. 1School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2School of Stomatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-07-08 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-04-03
  • Contact: Li Bing, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, School of Stomatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Qingmei, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11704274 (to ZQM)

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摘要：


文题释义：

碳点：通常是指尺寸小于10 nm且由sp2/sp3杂化的碳核结构及表面富含大量的聚合物链或官能团构成的荧光碳纳米材料。 
骨组织工程：是指将分离的自体高浓度成骨细胞、骨髓基质干细胞或软骨细胞，经体外培养扩增后种植于一种天然或者人工合成的具有良好生物兼容性，且可被人体逐步降解吸收的细胞支架或细胞外基质上。这种生物支架材料可为细胞提供生存的三维空间，有利于细胞获得足够的营养物质，进行气体交换和排除废料，从而使细胞在预定形态的三维支架上生长。最后将这种细胞杂化材料植入骨缺损部位，在生物材料逐渐降解的同时，种植的骨细胞不断增殖，从而达到修复骨缺损的目的。

背景：碳点在改善聚合物和生物陶瓷等材料性能以及促进成骨分化能力方面显示出巨大潜力，因此碳点基支架材料有望成为一种新型的骨修复候选材料。
目的：介绍碳点基材料在骨组织工程中的应用进展，旨在为碳点基支架材料的合理设计提供一些研究思路上的参考。
方法：由第一作者以“碳点、骨组织工程、骨支架材料”为中文检索词，以“Carbon dots，carbon-based nanomaterials，bone tissue engineering，bone scaffold materials”为英文检索词，检索万方和Web of Science数据库中 2014-2022年发表的相关文献，最后对75篇文献进行分析总结。

结果与结论：①原始碳点基材料和碳点基复合材料具有合成方法多样、操作简单、材料来源广和绿色环保等优势，然而其在体内的修复骨缺损能力不足以及生物安全性、生物降解以及临床适应性等都需要进一步评估。②碳点基纤维材料具有骨支架所需优异的机械性能、热稳定性以及生物降解性，是一类具有较大优越性及应用潜力的骨修复新材料；目前应用于体内的骨修复能力有限，因此需要和骨形态发生蛋白、生长因子以及血管化因子复合以期进一步改善这一类材料的骨修复能力。③碳点基水凝胶支架材料在修复骨缺损方面展现出了巨大的潜力，是目前报道的修复骨缺损效果最好的一种碳点基支架材料，然而该材料制备工艺复杂且周期长，因而将其推广到临床骨修复应用上还需要进一步探索合成简单易造作且周期短的替代方法。④原始碳点基材料、碳点基复合材料、碳点基纤维材料和碳点基水凝胶材料各有优缺点，目前来看碳点基水凝胶修复骨缺损效果最好。⑤碳点基材料应用于骨组织工程研究仍然处于初期的探索阶段，体内的溶血性、生物降解、代谢过程及预后评估等需要深入研究，同时其机械性能、热稳定性以及促成骨能力均有待进一步提高和改善。⑥未来研究需结合多种测试及表征手段深入分析碳点基材料的促成骨机制，这是设计应用于临床碳点基骨支架材料的前提。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-7781(张清梅)；https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9410-733X(李冰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 碳点, 骨支架材料, 骨组织工程, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 原始碳点基材料, 碳点基材料基复合材料, 碳点基材料基纤维材料, 碳点基材料基水凝胶材料, 骨形态发生蛋白, 碱性磷酸酶

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Carbon dots show a great potential in improving the properties of materials such as polymers and bioceramics and promoting bone differentiation, so carbon dots-based bone scaffold materials are expected to be a new type of bone repair candidate. 
OBJECTIVE: To provide some references for the rational design of carbon dots-based scaffold materials by introducing the application of carbon dots-based materials in bone tissue engineering. 
METHODS: Articles published between 2014 and 2022 in the WanFang Data and Web of Science were searched by the first author with the search terms “carbon dots, bone tissue engineering, bone scaffold materials” in Chinese and “carbon dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, bone tissue engineering, bone scaffold materials” in English. A total of 75 articles were finally analyzed and summarized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The primitive carbon dots-based materials and carbon dots-based composites have the advantages of diverse synthesis methods and simple operation, wide material sources and green environmental protection, but their ability to repair bone defects in vivo is insufficient, as well as biosafety, biodegradation and clinical adaptability need to be further evaluated. (2) Carbon dots-based fiber materials have excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and biodegradability required for bone scaffolds, and are a new bone repair material with great advantages and application prospects. At present, the bone repair capacity applied in vivo is limited, so it is necessary to combine with bone morphogenic protein, growth factors and vascularization factors to further improve the bone repair ability. (3) Carbon dots-based hydrogel scaffold material has shown a great potential in repairing bone defects and is the best carbon dots-based scaffold material reported to repair bone defects. However, the preparation process of the material is complex and the cycle is long, so it is necessary to further explore alternative methods of synthesis that are simple and easy to make and have short cycles. (4) Primitive carbon dots-based materials, carbon dots-based composites, carbon dots-based fiber materials and carbon dots-based hydrogel materials have their advantages and disadvantages, in which the carbon dots-based hydrogels have the best effect on repairing bone defects at present. (5) The application of carbon dots-based materials to bone tissue engineering is still in the early stage of exploration, and the hemolysis, biodegradation, metabolic process and post-healing evaluation in vivo need to be further studied, and its mechanical properties, thermal stability and the ability of bone repair need to be further improved. (6) It is necessary to combine a variety of tests and characterization methods to deeply analyze the bone mechanism of carbon dots-based materials, which is the premise of designing and applying to clinical carbon dots-based bone scaffold materials. 

Key words: carbon dots, bone scaffold materials, bone tissue engineering, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, primitive carbon dots-based materials, carbon dots-based composite, carbon dots-based fiber material, carbon dots-based hydrogel material, bone morphogenetic protein, alkaline phosphatase

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