中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (28): 4435-4440.doi: 10.12307/2023.691

• 组织构建临床实践 clinical practice in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

颈椎后路术后颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失临床预测模型的建立和验证

马  胜1,苗嘉航1,余会林1,李渠蓬1,曲  哲2,潘  彬2,冯  虎2   

  1. 1徐州医科大学,江苏省徐州市   221000;2徐州医科大学附属医院脊柱外科,江苏省徐州市   221000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-17 接受日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2023-10-08 发布日期:2023-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 冯虎,硕士,教授,主任医师,徐州医科大学附属医院脊柱外科,江苏省徐州市 221000
  • 作者简介:马胜,男,1995年生,江苏省徐州市人,徐州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。

Establishment and validation of a clinical prediction model for severe loss of cervical lordosis after posterior cervical surgery

Ma Sheng1, Miao Jiahang1, Yu Huilin1, Li Qupeng1, Qu Zhe2, Pan Bin2, Feng Hu2   

  1. 1Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-09-17 Accepted:2022-10-31 Online:2023-10-08 Published:2023-01-29
  • Contact: Feng Hu, Master, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Ma Sheng, Master candidate, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

颈后路手术:根据脊髓型颈椎病手术入路的不同,临床上常将手术术式分为颈椎前入路与颈椎后入路。颈椎前入路手术术式包括颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合术和颈椎前路椎体次全切除减压融合术;颈椎后入路手术包括椎板成形术和椎板切除融合术。对于多节段脊髓型颈椎病(节段≥3个)往往选择颈后路手术,颈椎后路的减压效果是通过直接去除后方压迫物的直接减压和脊髓向后漂移的间接减压达到。
颈椎前凸曲度:颈椎曲度是脊柱最上端的生理弧度,具有保证人体重心平衡和缓冲外界冲击震荡的功能。正常颈椎曲度为前凸的弧线,弧度为(12±5) mm。颈椎曲度异常包括颈椎前凸曲度过大(> 45°)、颈椎前凸曲度变小(0°-30°)、颈椎曲度变直(0°)、颈椎后凸(< 0°)。术后前凸曲度的丢失会导致脊髓向后漂移的幅度有限,手术减压效果变差,影响患者的手术满意度。

背景:目前的研究只是通过影像学测量指标及其他指标来预测颈椎术后前凸曲度丢失,汇总这些预测指标的相关文章尚少,此文旨在建立一个预测模型来汇总这些预测指标。
目的:探讨脊髓型颈椎病后路手术后颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失的危险因素,并建立与验证预测模型。
方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院接受颈后路手术并符合纳入标准的脊髓型颈椎病患者。观察指标包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、手术方式选择、手术节段数、手术是否累及C2或C7、术前C2-7 Cobb角、手术节段Cobb角、C7倾斜角、颈椎矢状面垂直距离、C2-C7曲率、伸展活动范围、屈曲活动范围,通过术前、术后颈椎C2-7 Cobb角差值确定颈椎术后前凸曲度变化(ΔCL),以ΔCL≤-10°为颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失组,ΔCL > -10°为无颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失组。对这些因素进行单因素和多因素分析,确定相关的危险因素,以建立预测模型并验证。

结果与结论:①共有117例患者符合纳入标准,其中男69例,女48例,随访时间12-26个月;②在117例患者中,发现术后颈椎前凸严重丢失者30例,没有颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失者87例;③统计学分析显示:术式的选择、手术是否累及C2或C7椎体、术前C2-7 Cobb角、C7倾斜角、C2-C7曲率、屈曲活动范围是导致颈后路手术后颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失的独立危险因素,其中增加术后曲度严重丢失风险最明显的是手术节段是否累及C2或C7节段(OR=3.524,95%CI:1.127-11.013)以及手术术式选择(OR=3.165,95%CI:1.013-9.889);④并进一步建立了临床预测模型(Nomogram)并进行验证,其内部验证C-index值为0.91,验证组进行外部验证C-index值为0.87,提示该模型具有较好的预测能力;⑤提示手术术式的选择、手术节段是否累及C2或C7节段、术前C2-7 Cobb角、C7倾斜角、屈曲活动度是颈后路手术后颈椎前凸曲度严重丢失的高危因素。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6666-1181(马胜) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 多节段脊髓型颈椎病, 颈椎前凸曲度, 颈椎后路手术, 临床预测模型, 列线图

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Current studies only predict the loss of cervical lordosis after cervical surgery through imaging measurement indicators and other indicators at present. There are a few articles summarizing these prediction indicators. This paper establishes a prediction model to summarize these prediction indicators.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk variables for severe loss of cervical lordosis following posterior cervical spondylotic myelopathy surgery, as well as to develop and validate the prediction model. 
METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on the cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients who underwent posterior approach of cervical surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2015 to January 2020 and met the inclusion criteria. The observation indexes included age, sex, body mass index, surgical technique chosen, the number of operation segments, accumulation of C2 or C7, C2-7 Cobb angle prior to operation, Cobb angle of operation segment, C7 slope angle, sagittal vertical angle of the cervical spine, C2-C7 curvature, extension range of motion, and flexion range of motion. The difference between the cervical spine’s C2-7 Cobb angle before and after surgery (ΔCL) was used to calculate the change in cervical lordosis. Those with ΔCL≤-10° had significant loss of cervical lordosis, while those with ΔCL > -10° had less severe loss of cervical lordosis. Prediction models were created and validated by doing single-factor and multi-factor analyses on these parameters to identify pertinent risk factors. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 117 patients in all, 48 females and 69 males, met the inclusion criteria. The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 26 months. Among these patients, 30 experienced a severe loss of cervical lordosis following surgery, while 87 patients did not have a severe loss of cervical lordosis. Statistical analysis showed that the choice of procedure, whether it involved the C2 or C7 vertebral bodies, the C2-7 Cobb angle, the C7 slope angle, the C2-C7 curvature, and flexion range of motion prior to the procedure were independent risk factors linked to serious loss of cervical lordosis following posterior cervical surgery. Most obviously, whether the surgical segment involved the C2 or C7 segment (OR=3.524, 95% CI:1.127-11.013), and the surgical approach chosen (OR=3.165, 95% CI: 1.013-9.889) were the factors that enhanced the probability of significant postoperative curvature loss. Further foundations were laid for the clinical prediction model (nomogram) and its validation. The model has an excellent capacity for prediction, as evidenced by the C-index of internal validation, which was 0.91, and the C-index of external validation in the validation group, which was 0.87. It is indicated that after posterior cervical surgery, the choice of operation method, whether the operation segment involves the C2 or C7 segment, the preoperative C2-7 Cobb angle, the C7 slope angle, and flexion mobility all are high risks of severe loss of cervical lordosis. 

Key words: multi-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical lordosis, posterior cervical surgery, clinical prediction model, nomogram

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