中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5357-5363.doi: 10.12307/2022.786

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

老年髋部骨折患者术后并发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素分析及风险预测

戎  毅,於  浩,杨俊锋,王  兰,张建楠,邵  阳   

  1. 无锡市中医医院,南京中医药大学无锡附属医院,江苏省无锡市   214071
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-25 接受日期:2021-11-17 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 邵阳,博士,主治中医师,无锡市中医医院,南京中医药大学无锡附属医院,江苏省无锡市 214071
  • 作者简介:戎毅,女,1994年生,江苏省扬州市人,汉族,南京中医药大学在读博士,主要从事中西医结合治疗骨关节病研究、中医药防治骨质疏松症方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(Q201945),项目负责人:邵阳;无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(MS201935),项目负责人:张建楠;无锡市护理学会科研项目(M202114),项目负责人:王兰;江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(YB2020042),项目负责人:邵阳;无锡市科学技术局医疗卫生指导性项目(SKJJZD19),项目负责人:邵阳

Risk factor analysis and prediction of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in elderly patients with hip fracture after operation

Rong Yi, Yu Hao, Yang Junfeng, Wang Lan, Zhang Jiannan, Shao Yang   

  1. Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-09-25 Accepted:2021-11-17 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-31
  • Contact: Shao Yang, MD, Attending TCM physician, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Rong Yi, Doctoral candidate, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi 214071, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission, No. Q201945 (to SY); Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission, No. MS201935 (to ZJN); Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Nursing Association, No. M202114 (to WL); Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Program of Jiangsu Province, No. YB2020042 (to SY); Medical and Health Guidance Project of Wuxi Science and Technology Bureau, No. SKJJZD19 (to SY)

摘要:

文题释义:
受试者工作特征曲线:又称ROC曲线,ROC曲线下面积是指ROC曲线与x轴、(1,0)-(1,1)围绕的面积,曲线下面积大于0.5,证明该诊断试验具有一定的诊断价值。同时,曲线下面积越接近1,离(0,1)点越近,证明诊断试验的真实性越好。
列线图:建立在多因素回归分析的基础上,将多个预测指标进行整合,然后采用带有刻度的线段,按照一定的比例绘制在同一平面上,从而用以表达预测模型中各个变量之间的相互关系。根据模型中各个影响因素对结局变量的贡献程度(回归系数的大小),给每个影响因素的每个取值水平进行赋分,然后再将各个评分相加得到总评分,最后通过总评分与结局事件发生概率之间的函数转换关系,从而计算出该个体结局事件的预测值。

背景:针对老年髋部骨折患者,提高下肢深静脉血栓的筛查能力并实行个性化预防方案,是改善患者预后、降低患者家庭及社会经济负担的重要措施。
目的:探讨老年髋部骨折患者术后并发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素,建立预测其导致下肢深静脉血栓发生的风险模型。
方法:回顾分析2017年1月至2019年12月无锡市中医医院收住入院的325例髋部骨折患者的临床资料,患者年龄≥70岁,根据术后下肢深静脉彩色多普勒超声检查结果分为深静脉血栓组(n=50)及无深静脉血栓组(n=275)。采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析,找出患者术后并发深静脉血栓的独立危险因素;利用受试者工作特征曲线分析各独立危险因素和联合模型对深静脉血栓的诊断效能;进一步采用R Studio软件构建预测患者术后并发下肢深静脉血栓风险的列线图模型,并绘制校准曲线验证模型的准确性。
结果与结论:①单因素分析结果显示,两组患者的年龄、骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、麻醉方式、手术时长、术前是否存在基础疾病、血钾、胆固醇、肌酐、总蛋白比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,骨折类型为股骨转子间骨折、受伤至手术时间、术前存在糖尿病、脑血管疾病是老年髋部骨折患者术后并发深静脉血栓的独立危险因素(P < 0.05);③各独立危险因素及联合模型受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,受伤至手术时间、术前存在糖尿病、脑血管疾病及各独立危险因素联合模型具有预测能力,髋部骨折类型不具有预测能力,联合模型比各独立因素预测能力更强;④试验构建的列线图模型,具有良好的诊断效能及准确度。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-4042 (戎毅) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 老年, 髋部骨折, 深静脉血栓, 回归分析, 危险因素, 列线图

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For elderly patients with hip fractures, improving the ability to screen for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and implementing individualized prevention programs are important measures to improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the burden on patients' families and socioeconomics.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture after operation, and to establish a risk model to predict the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis. 
METHODS: Clinical data of 325 hospitalized patients with hip fracture over 70 years old from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into deep venous thrombosis group (n=50) and non-deep venous thrombosis group (n=275) according to the results of deep vein color Doppler ultrasound examination of lower extremities. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of independent risk factors and combined models for deep venous thrombosis. Furthermore, R Studio software was used to construct a column chart to predict the risk of postoperative deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in elderly patients with hip fracture, and calibration curves were made to verify the accuracy of the model. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The univariate analysis results showed that age, fracture type, the time between injury to operation, anesthesia, operation time, preoperative basic diseases, potassium, cholesterol, creatinine, and total protein were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). (2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fracture type of intertrochanteric fracture of femur, time from injury to operation, presence of diabetes before operation, and cerebrovascular disease were independent risk factors for postoperative deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture 
(P < 0.05). (3)  Receiver operating characteristic curve of each independent risk factor and combined model exhibited that the time from injury to operation, the presence of diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and the combined model had predictive ability, but the type of hip fracture did not have predictive ability, and the combined model had better predictive ability than the single independent risk factor. (4) The column chart has good diagnostic efficiency and accuracy.

Key words: advanced age, hip fracture, deep vein thrombosis, regression analysis, risk factor, column chart

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