中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5254-5258.doi: 10.12307/2022.740

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

三合一骨融合治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节的三维有限元分析

刘小卫,杨  戈,梅海波   

  1. 南华大学儿科学院,湖南省儿童医院骨科,湖南省长沙市   410007
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-28 接受日期:2021-11-13 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 梅海波,教授,主任医师,南华大学儿科学院,湖南省儿童医院骨科,湖南省长沙市 410007 杨戈,博士,主治医师,南华大学儿科学院,湖南省儿童医院骨科,湖南省长沙市 410007
  • 作者简介:刘小卫,男,1994年生,湖南省衡阳市人,汉族,南华大学儿科学院在读硕士,主要从事先天性胫骨假关节相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省儿童肢体畸形临床医学研究中心(2019SK4006),项目负责人:梅海波;湖南省重点研发计划(2020SK2113),项目负责人:梅海波;湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ5282),项目负责人:杨戈

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in a child after treatment with 3 in 1 osteosynthesis

Liu Xiaowei, Yang Ge, Mei Haibo   

  1. Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2021-07-28 Accepted:2021-11-13 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-30
  • Contact: Mei Haibo, Professor, Chief physician, Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China Yang Ge, MD, Attending physician, Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
  • About author:Liu Xiaowei, Master candidate, Pediatric Academy of University of South China, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Clinical Research Center for Limb Deformity of Children in Hunan Province, No. 2019SK4006 (to MHB); Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, No. 2020SK2113 (to MHB); Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No. 2020JJ5282 (to YG)

摘要:

文题释义:
三合一骨融合:是指联合手术(切除胫骨假关节及病变组织、经足踝髓内棒内固定、伊氏架外固定装置加压固定)同时行胫腓骨融合手术(腓骨近端截骨、胫骨假关节远近二个骨端与局部完整的腓骨三者融合、取自体髂骨包裹式植骨),可用于治疗腓骨完整型先天性胫骨假关节。
有限元分析:是用较简单的问题代替复杂问题后再求解,它将求解域看成是由许多称为有限元的小的互连子域组成,对每一单元假定一个合适的(较简单的)近似解,然后推导求解这个域总的满足条件(如结构的平衡条件),从而得到问题的解。

背景:对腓骨完整型先天性胫骨假关节进行三合一骨融合可增加假关节愈合处横断面积、减少再骨折发生率,但也改变了胫腓骨的形态及承重生物力学,而这种生物力学改变目前尚不明确。
目的:建立三合一骨融合治疗先天性胫骨假关节实现骨性愈合后的骨骼三维有限元模型,分析其在不同应力状态下的Von Mises应力峰值及分布特点。
方法:选择湖南省儿童医院收治的Crawford Ⅳ型先天性胫骨假关节患儿1例,收集其三合一骨融合治疗后实现骨性愈合的下肢CT影像学资料,通过Mimics软件建立三维模型,应用3-Matic软件进行自适应性网格划分建立有限元模型,定义模型材料属性后,应用ANSYS软件分别于假关节侧胫骨近端施加75,62.5,50,37.5,25,12.5,0 N载荷,并在腓骨近端各对应施加0,12.5,25,37.5,50,62.5,75 N载荷,在健侧胫骨近端施加62.5 N的载荷作为对照。分析患侧胫腓骨及健侧胫骨有限元模型的Von Mises应力峰值及分布特点。
结果与结论:①假关节Von Mises应力峰值最高达26.73 MPa,最低为6.97 MPa,随着载荷向腓骨转移,Von Mises应力峰值逐渐降低,应力区域主要集中分布于胫骨前、后面的中下1/3段;②健侧胫骨Von Mises应力峰值为5.44 MPa,低于患侧各组应力下峰值,应力区域主要集中分布于胫骨前面中下1/3;③结果提示,三合一骨融合治疗先天性胫骨假关节改变了正常胫骨应力分布,可能导致胫骨局部出现应力过度集中,推测有可能因此增加术后再骨折发生的风险。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2516-5971 (刘小卫) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 先天性胫骨假关节, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 儿童, 模型, 胫骨, 胫腓骨融合

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with intact fibula undergoing 3 in 1 osteosynthesis will increase the cross-sectional area in healed segments and may reduce the incidence of refracture. However, it also changed the morphology and biomechanics of the tibiofibula, and this change is not clear at present. 
OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct the congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia using three-dimensional finite element model method, which was treated with 3 in 1 osteosynthesis and achieved bony union, and to analyze its Von Mises stress peak value and distribution characteristics under different stress states. 
METHODS: The CT images of lower limbs of a girl with Crawford type IV congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia were collected from Hunan Children’s Hospital. CT images were used to build a three-dimensional model through Mimics software and 3-Matic was used to build a finite element model for adaptive meshing. After defining the material properties of the model, 75, 62.5, 50, 37.5, 25, 12.5, 0 N mechanical loadings were applied on the proximal tibia of the affected side respectively; the side of the proximal end of the fibula received 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 62.5, 75 N mechanical loadings correspondingly using ANSYS software. A loading of 62.5 N was applied to the proximal tibia of the healthy side as the control. The maximum Von Mises stressing and distributional characteristics of the three-dimensional finite element model of the affected tibia and fibula and the healthy tibia were analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum Von Mises stress was 26.73 MPa and the minimum was 6.97 MPa. As the stress load shifted to the fibula, the maximum Von Mises stress was decreased gradually, and the loading areas were mainly distributed in the two aspects of front and back in the tibial lower distal one third. (2) The maximum Von Mises on the healthy tibia (5.44 MPa) was lower than that in each group on the pseudarthrosis tibia, and stress area was mainly distributed in the lower 1/3 of the front of the tibia. (3) The 3 in 1 osteosynthesis for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia changed the normal tibial stress distribution and may cause excessive stress concentration in the tibia, speculating that it may increase the risk of refracture.

Key words: congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, biomechanics, finite element analysis, child, model, tibia, tibiofibular synostosis

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