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21 May 2010, Volume 14 Issue 21 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Repair of the rabbit ulnar bone nonunion through percutaneous injection of autologous red bone marrow and bioactive nano-bone putty complex Peng Cheng, Cui Fu-zhai, Zhu Zhen-an, Hu Kun, Sun Da-chuan, Li Jun-guang, Hu Chun-lin, Liu Zong-hai, Sheng Hong-biao 2010, 14 (21):  3801-3805.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.001 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (168KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: The development of nanotechnology and the deepening understanding of autogenous bone marrow provide a new idea for repairing bone nonunion. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of repairing bone nonunion through percutaneous injection of autologous red bone marrow and bioactive nano-bone putty complex. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were prepared for ulnar bone nonunion models and were randomly divided into 4 groups; the red bone marrow + bioactive nano-bone putty, bioactive nano-bone putty, and enriched red bone marrow were percutaneously injected into the rabbit ulnar bone nonunion. There was no treatment in the blank control group. The repair capability was assessed by radiographic examination, and the gross observation, biomechanics measurement, and histological observation were performed at 12 weeks after operation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radiological assessment showed that the new bone formation was: enriched red bone marrow + bioactive nano-bone putty group > bioactive nano-bone putty group > enriched red bone marrow group > blank control group (P < 0.01). The biomechanics measurement displayed that biomechanical strength of the enriched red bone marrow + bioactive nano-bone putty group was greater than that of the bioactive nano-bone putty group (P < 0.01), but smaller than normal bone tissues (P < 0.01). The histologic check showed that in enriched red bone marrow + bioactive nano-bone putty group, there were a great number of osteoblasts and new mass, and bone union appeared in the place of bone nonunion. In enriched red bone marrow group, few formation of new bone in the place of bone nonunion which finally filled with fibrous tissues. There was no formation of new bone in the place of bone nonunion where fibrous tissues were finally filled in the blank control group. The enriched red bone marrow and bioactive nano-bone putty complex exhibit osteoinductive ability, and has a better bone nonunion repair capability than nanobone putty or red marrow used only regarding the bone formation rate, quality and mechanical strength. The complex graft can repair rabbit ulnar bone nonunion through percutaneous injection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoinductive activity of self-made human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite bone in bone repairing Wang Ju, Xiao Gang, Chen Yang, Zhou Zhi-you, Lin Yong-liang, Wu Hao, Zha Zhen-gang, Zhou Tian-hong 2010, 14 (21):  3806-3810.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.002 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (747KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein is a kind of growth factors only which can induce bone regeneration independently that we found until now. The prospect of clinical application of bone morphogenetic proteins is very bright. But their high cost limits their use in China. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the osteoinductive activity and the bone-defect repairing ability of self-made recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). METHODS: The purity of rhBMP-2 was assayed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrography. The osteoblastic to differentiation markers of C2C12 cells after induction of rhBMP-2 were assayed to identify the osteoinductive activity of rhBMP-2. The bone-defect repairing ability of rhBMP-2 was verified by New Zealand rabbit radial bone repair trial after the composition of material and rhBMP-2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purity of rhBMP-2 was ≥95%, rhBMP-2 could greatly induce C2C12 cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase largely expressed at early stage of the differentiation, and many mineralized nodules formed at end stage, indicating good osteoinductive activity of the self-produced rhBMP-2. In the New Zealand rabbit radial bone repair trials, the results of X-ray assay and hematoyline-eosin staining showed that, massive callus formed on the surface of rhBMP-2 composite material at 2 months, and fused with autologous bone tissue at 4 months, a large amount of materials degraded. In the pure material group, a small amount of bone bridges produced newly linked with the planted material in which the degradation was little. In blank group, the defect area was filled with fibrosis tissue. The results suggested that self-produced rhBMP-2 could markedly promote the bone repairing and could be used for clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcium alginate beads combined with autologous chondrocyte for repair of adult rabbit articular cartilage injury Wu Di, Zhao Zhi-jun, Zhu Xiao-song, Yang Hao, Li Qing, Ma Ke 2010, 14 (21):  3811-3814.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.003 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (1430KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cartilage defect is always one of the difficulties in the field of orthopedics. Tissue engineering technology for repairing cartilage defects, a recently developed method, has been gradually considered a promising means of articular cartilage defects treatment. OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term effect of rabbit articular cartilage defects repaired by calcium alginate beads-autologous chondrocyte transplantation. METHODS: Thirty adult New Zealand white rabbits were adopted in this study. The chondrocytes were harvested from their left knee of every group, and the model of articular cartilage injury was manufactured in the right knee. The in vitro cultured autologous chondrocytes of the third generation were composited alginate gel, then mixed with CaCl2 solution to prepare bead-like condensate, cultured in vitro for 4 weeks. The holes of the experimental group were implanted with calcium alginate beads-autologous chondrocyte composite, the control group with calcium alginate beads without cells, and the blank control group without any treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 30 New Zealand white rabbits were included. With the exception of 1 rabbit exhibited unilateral ankylosis of postoperative knee stiffness, the other joint activities after surgery had no obstacles. All the animals showed no postoperative infection or deaths. Hematoxylin-eosin stain showed that, repair tissue mainly was hyaline cartilage in the experimental group, and fiber-based cartilage in the control group, but repairing effect was not obvious in the blank group, mainly fibrous soft tissue repair. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated repair tissue expression was type Ⅱ collagen expression in the experimental group, in the control group, type Ⅱ collagen was stained lightly, with less type Ⅱ collagen expression. The repair tissue in the blank group did not express type Ⅱ collagen. Results revealed that calcium alginate beads-autologous chondrocyte is effective in the repair of cartilage defects, indicating that autologous chondrocytes combined with calcium alginate beads can provide a better idea for cartilage tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recombinant adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic protein 9 versus bone morphogenetic protein 2 combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide composites in repair of radial defects Lu Xiao-juan, Zhao Ying-ze, Wen Wei, Zhang Ting, Chen Heng-jun, Zhou Wei, Feng Tao, Kang Quan 2010, 14 (21):  3815-3818.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.004 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (1278KB) ( 330 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with the traditional method, this paper applies a new method of recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene expression with the advantages of high efficiency, convenience and safety, which can serve as powerful means for gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of adenovirus-mediated human bone morphogenetic protein 9 (Adv-hBMP-9) and adenovirus-mediated human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Adv-hBMP-2) nano-hydroxyapatite / polyamide complex on reconstruction of bone defects. METHODS: A total of 36 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups and prepared for 13-mm bone defect models at the bilateral middle radius. Adv-hBMP9 + nano-hydroxyapatite / polyamide bone, Adv-hBMP-2 + nano-hydroxyapatite / polyamide bone, and Adv-GFP + hydroxyapatite / polyamide bone were implanted into the defects in each group. General observation, X-ray photographs and histological sections were carried out separately. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone defects were completely repaired in the BMP-9 group; partly repaired in the BMP-2 group; however, reparation of bone defects was obviously poor in the GFP control group. The results revealed that effect of recombinant Adv-hBMP-9 is stronger than Adv-hBMP-2 on repairing osteogenesis after radial defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as stem cells in inducing ectopic bone formation Li Tao, Song Guo-dong, Bao Chong-yun, Luo En, Liu Xian, Wang Mai-quan 2010, 14 (21):  3819-3822.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.005　 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (1049KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vivo bone tissue engineering is to implant biological materials with bone induction activity in the bone or non-bone region. The body served as bioreactor to construct tissue engineered bone to repair bone defects. Bone transplant with good biocompatibility and mechanical function developed a new therapeutic pathway for bone transplantation. However, the source of related stem cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) participate in forming ectopic bone of biomaterial. METHODS: BMSCs were separated and purified from male beagle dogs. BMSCs at passage 3 were transplanted into the female beagle dogs to establish models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Simultaneously, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic was implanted in erector spinae of receptor dog. Following 6 weeks, bone sample was harvested. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was utilized to trace bone transplant Y chromosome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fluorescence in situ hybridization results demonstrated that chromosome Y had fluorescent signal expression in bone constructs, which suggested that BMSCs can be collected in the ectopic biomaterial region by blood circulation, and formed bone tissue. Results indicated that BMSCs participate in inducing ectopic bone formation, as a source of inducing ectopic bone formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of CaCO3/calcium polyphosphate / poly-(L-Lactic acid) composite tissue engineered scaffolds  Zhu Ling-yun, Wang Yan-ping, Shi Zong-li, Zhang Hong-mei 2010, 14 (21):  3823-3826.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.006 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (674KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are some problems such as high inflammatory reaction and low biocompatibility although some progressive achievements have been obtained in the research of bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Technology of composite scaffold is an important method to dissolve the problems. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate CaCO3 / calcium polyphosphate / poly-(L-Lactic acid) (CaCO3/CPP/PLLA) composite tissue engineered scaffolds. METHODS: The ball milling CaCO3/CPP/PLLA composite tissue engineered scaffolds were fabricated with a solvent-casting, particulate-leaching and gas foaming methods. The properties of physical mechanics and degradation rates in vitro were tested. The microstructure of cross section of scaffold composites was observed by scanning electron microscope. RRSULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ball milling CaCO3/CPP/PLLA composite tissue engineered scaffolds were fabricated with the porosity of scaffolds varying 60% and 80%, which has three dimensional, interconnect, micro-hole network structure. Its density of experimental data was basically coincident with its calculated data. The compressive modulus was more than 3 MPa and it met the requirements of composite tissue engineered scaffolds. The degrade rate was increased with the prolonging of the degradable times. The degradable liquid pH value was maintained between 6 and 7.5. The degradable liquid pH value was stabled with the addition of the powder ball milling CaCO3. The microstructure of scaffold composites still has three dimensional interconnect micro-hole network structure after degrading. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on adhesion and proliferation of Schwann cells on small intestinal submucosa scaffold Zhang Kai-wei, Xiao Rui, Duan Hong, Xiang Zhou, Li Xiu-qun 2010, 14 (21):  3827-3831.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.007 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (753KB) ( 311 )   Save BACKGROUND: Schwann cells combined with small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a feasible way to construct artificial nerve. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can promote proliferation of Schwann cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of bFGF on adhesion and proliferation of Schwann cells on scaffold of SIS. METHODS: The second passage of Schwann cells isolated from neonatal SD rats were seeded onto the surface of SIS scaffold and incubated with 50 μg/L bFGF, which served as experimental group. The cultures of SC and SIS without bFGF were used as control. The cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay, and the adhesion of Schwann cells was determined by the rate of cell adhesion; the cell cycle of SC was examined by flow cytometry. The morphology of cells and cell adhesion on SIS were observed by contrast phase microscope, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Absorbance value of SC in experimental group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The cell adhesion rate was (69.47±3.17)% and (44.58±1.76)% respectively for experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). G2/M+S percentage of SCs was significantly greater in experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). HE staining and microscopy showed that the number of attached cells was more and cell adhesion was better in experimental group compared with the control group at 7 days after culture. bFGF is effective in improving the adhesion and proliferation of SCs on SIS scaffold, and also promoting construction of tissue-engineered nerve conduit based on the combination with SC and SIS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium surface modification with chitosan-heparin multilayers using electrostatic self-assebly technique Shu Yao, Li Quan-li,Ou Guo-min, Gong Ping, Zou Jing-cai 2010, 14 (21):  3832-3838.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.008 Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 540 )   Save BACKGROUND: Based on the consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations via electrostatic interactions, electrostatic self-assebly (ESA) technique has emerged as a versatile, inexpensive yet efficient technique to “build” biologically active surfaces for modification of biomaterial surface. OBJECTIVE: Bioactive chitosan and heparin multilayers fixed on titanium surface via ESA technique are expected to be a new biologic surface to improve the cell biocompatibility of titanium. METHODS: The film growth was initialized by depositing one layer of positively charged poly-L-lysine (PLL) on the NaOH-treated titanium substrate (negatively charged surface). Then, the film was formed by the alternate deposition of negatively charged heparin (Hep) and positively charged chitosan (Chi) via electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolytes, and terminated with an outermost layer of Chi. The chemical composition, surface topography as well as roughness were investigated by using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DR-FTIR), scanning electric microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. We cultured osteoblasts on the surface of modified-titanium (Ti/Chi) and pure Ti (cpTi) respectively in vitro to observe morphologic change of cell attachment and spreading by SEM, and to estimate cell proliferation and differentiation by MTT test and ALP activity analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The analysis of DR-FTIR, SEM, and AFM confirmed that Chi-Hep multilayers formed gradually on the titanium surface. The film could improve the adherence, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast. These results may provide a basis for the preparation of titanium surface modification for dental implants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface topological structure control and protein adsorption of liquid crystal / polyvinyl chloride composite membranes Chen Hai-feng, Zeng Rong, Tu Mei, Zhao Jian-hao, Zhou Chang-ren 2010, 14 (21):  3839-3842.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.009 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (1511KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Protein adsorption on material surface plays an important role in improving biocompatibility of materials. In addition, introducing of liquid crystal (LC) structure can amend the biocompatibility of polymer. OBJECTIVE: To prepare LC / polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite membranes via imitating the LC structure of the surface of biological membranes based on the idea of “bionic design”. METHODS: A certain amount of PVC and LC compounds were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare solutions, and to prepare LC / PVC composite membranes according to different mixture ratios. The composite membranes were placed in reaction box for 4 hours, and drying in vacuum. The pure PVC membranes were prepared as the controls. The surficial topological features of the membranes were observed under polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope. The protein adsorption on the surfaces was studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surficial topological structure and performance of the membranes were able to be controlled through adjustment of the size and arrangement of LC domains by thermal treatment in different temperature and change of LC contents. That is, the surficial smooth was increased with high LC contents and decreased temperature. The expected topological structure could be obtained by adjusting LC contents and temperature of thermal treatment, which affected the protein adsorption on the membrane surfaces. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of pseudophakic accommodation produced by different types of intraocular lenses movement Nan Li, Tang Xin, Liu Yong-ji, Li Li-hua 2010, 14 (21):  3843-3846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.010 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (994KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intraocular lens (IOL) made from different materials and optical designs have different optical characteristics. It is hard to clinically analyze the amount of pseudophakic accommodation caused by IOL movement inside of the eye.   OBJECTIVE: To study pseudophakic accommodation induced by intraocular movement of different types of intraocular lenses. METHODS: By using Zemax optical design program, the Liou-Brennan eye model implanted with different types of IOL was constructed. Ray-tracing method was adopted to calculate pseudophakic accommodation induced by IOL forward movements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pseudophakic accommodation was increased with IOL forward movement. IOL made from acrylic and polymethylmethacrylate induced similar rate of pseudophakic accommodation. It was not significantly different between IOL with optical design of convex-plano and equal-convex as well. Slight higher pseudophakic accommodation caused by spherical IOL forward movement than aspheric IOL. The type of IOLs did not have significant effect on pseudophakic accommodation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of chitosan/konjac glucomannan composite membranes and the in vitro performances Duan Kai-wen, Zhao Li-fen, Li Cheng-wen, Chen Qing-hua, Ma Li-li, Li Na-na 2010, 14 (21):  3847-3850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.011 Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (1332KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicated that the composition of chitosan (CS) and konjac glucomannan (KGM) can improve their own biological features. OBJECTIVE: To prepare CS / KGM composite membranes, and to evaluate its effect on the proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (PDLCs). METHODS: Blend membranes containing CS and KGM solutions with different weight proportions were prepared by solvent-casting method. The 6th passage of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were used to observe the cell compatibility and cytotoxicity and to determine the degradation features. The effects of those cells on PDLCs were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight kinds of composite membranes containing CS and KGM (3:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2) were obtained. In vitro degradation test demonstrated that the degradation rates of CS / KGM composite membranes were increased with the adding of KGM, which were 40.75%, 65.70%, 74.20% and 84.60% respectively at 70 days. In vivo test showed that the CS / KGM composite membranes could maintain more than 12 weeks when at the CS / KGM ratios of 3:0, 2:1 and 1:1. If the CS / KGM ratio was 1:2, the CS / KGM composite membranes could maintain 8 weeks in vivo. The effects of the composite membranes on human PDLCs were decreased with increasing of KGM contents. After adding basic fibroblast growth factor, the CS / KGM composite membranes with ratios of 3:2 and 2:1 could increase the alkaline phosphatase activities, especially with ratio of 2:1. Results from the study suggested that CS / KGM membrane is a potential periodontal tissue engineering scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 slow-release delivery system on extracellular matrix metalloproteinases expression Chen Ming, Shu Yong, Han Zhi-min, Duan Man-sheng, Zhang Zhi-hong, Min Yan 2010, 14 (21):  3851-3855.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.012 Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (1692KB) ( 314 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been still unclear that whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) may inhibit production and activity of inflammatory factors, thereby inhibits molecular biomechanism of osteolytic reaction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the subcutaneous molecular biological reaction of rhBMP-2 slow-release delivery system in the rat air pouch model, and to analyze the possible mechanism of the inhibition of osteolysis indueced by rhBMP-2. METHODS: Filtration air (3 mL) was subcutaneously injected into back of rats, once every two days, 6 times in total. One week later, 20 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 10 rats per group. rhBMP-2 low-release formulation and saline were individually injected into air pouch of experimental and control groups. Air pouch tissue was obtained one or two weeks later to measure serum alkaline phosphatase level under optic microscope. Real-time PCR was used to detect extracellular matrix metalloproteinases mRNA level, and Western blotting was used to detect its protein expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No tissular and cellular reactions were found in both experimental and control groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase level in the experimental group in 1 week was significantly greater than in experimental group in 2 weeks and control group (P < 0.05), while the level in the experimental group in 2 weeks was less than in the control group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases mRNA and protein expressions in the experimental group were significantly less than in the control group, while the level in 1 week was less than in 2 weeks. The results suggested that rhBMP-2 slow-release delivery system inhibited the production and activities of osteolytic cytokines, so as to inhibit osteolytic reaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation, characterization and drug stability of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres containing docetaxel Cai Min-xian, Chen Zhi-kui, Lin Li-wu, Xue En-sheng, Lai Yuan-fa, Zhou Xiao-ling, Yang Jing, Wei Hong-fen 2010, 14 (21):  3856-3860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.013　 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (827KB) ( 736 )   Save BACKGROUND: Docetaxel injection and the solubilizer Tween 80 have a variety of side effects, while poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres containing docetaxel used as interstitial chemotherapy can not only promote the drug concentration, but also reduce systemic toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To prepare sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing docetaxel for tumor interstitial chemotherapy, and investigate the physiochemical properties, in vitro release, and drug stability. MEHTODS: Sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing docetaxel were prepared by solvent evaporation method; thereafter, morphology and particle size were measured by scanning electron microscope, while drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release were examined by HPLC. The microspheres were performed with irradiation sterilization of 5, 15, 25 kGy 60Co. The effects of irradiation sterilization were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Drug-loaded microspheres were round, smooth, and well scattered, with the mean diameter of 23.1 µm. The optimal drug loading rate (4.82%) and encapsulation efficiency (96.3%) were gained when the feed ratio of PLGA to docetaxel was 100 mg/5 mg. The cumulative release of docetaxel from microspheres was 81.6% within 4 weeks without occurrence of burst release, and docetaxel encapsulated in microspheres, detected by HPLC, kept stability of structure. No bacillus pumilus colony was cultured in microspheres after irradiation at three dosages of 60Co. Sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing docetaxel were successfully prepared by solvent evaporation method with optimal particle size and encapsulation efficiency, suitable release period, and high drug stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles modified by human transferrin Zhong Zhen, Su Ke, Zhou Han-xin, Li Fu-rong, Qi Hui 2010, 14 (21):  3861-3864.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.014 Abstract ( 197 )   PDF (631KB) ( 381 )   Save BACKGROUND: For the problems of antitumor drugs targeted therapy and tumor cell multidrug resistance, doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles improved by coupling human transferrin can be used for targete tumor drug delivery. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles modified by human transferrin, to study the characterization and to evaluate the surface protein activities. METHODS: By means of optimized microemulsion-ionic crosslinking, doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles were prepared, water-soluble carbodiimide served as a crosslinking agent, then sodium alginate nanoparticles were connected with human transferrin to prepare human transferrin-modified alginate nanoparticles loading doxorubicin. The size and morphology of drug-loaded nanoparticles modified by human transferrin was observed by transmission electron microscope. Encapsulation capability and loading content were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The immunological activity of human transferrin on the nanoparticles were detected by flow cytometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles modified by human transferrin were round shaped, their mean diameters averaged 170 nm. The dose of doxorubicin could affect the encapsulation rate of the nanoparticles, which achieved the optimal encapsulation efficiency and loading content when adding 10% doxorubicin into nanoparticles. It was about 65 μg human transferrin per milligram of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles displayed 67.3% fluorescent when eliminated non-specific adsorption on the flow cytometer, which illustrated that most doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles could couple on the human transferrin antibody and maintained its antibody activity, thus providing sufficient target power for drug-loaded nanoparticles specific targeting to tumor cells. The microemulsion-ionic crosslinking method is reliable and simple, the obtained doxorubicin-loaded alginate nanoparticles modified by human transferrin can be a potential specific targeted drug carrier. Related Articles | Metrics

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Loading and release of lysozyme by AMS-8 mesoporous silica Zhang Qi, Zhang Zhuo-qi, Chen Min-min, Meng Yun-jun, Cao Xi-chuan 2010, 14 (21):  3865-3868.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.015 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (658KB) ( 372 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesoporous materials have high specific surface area, uniform and controlled pore size distribution, regular pore structure and strong adsorption capacity, it is a good enzyme immobilization carrier. Current studies of AMS materials mainly focus on the synthesis and development of new materials, while few reports are abont the adsorption and release behavior of biological molecules. OBJECTIVE: To screen the best conditions for mesoporous material AMS-8 adsorbing and releasing lysozyme, and to observe the enzyme adsorption and releases in different conditions. METHODS: Mesoporous material AMS-8 was synthesized with hydrothermal method using anionic surfactant and co-structure-directing agents such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The materials were characterized consecutively by powder X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The initial concentrations of enzyme solution were changed to determine adsorption changes, the release changes were measured in PBS eluents at different pH values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The calcined AMS-8 have ordered cubic cage-type mesoporous structure. The BET surface areas were 867 m2/g and the pore diameter was 3.4 nm. Lysozyme was selected as a model molecule to observe the absorption behavior of AMS-8 to lysozyme molecule under different concentrations at pH7.0. Lysozyme adsorption study suggested that the highest loading capacity was 136 mg/g at the initial concentration of 0.5 g/L. The release profile of lysozyme/AMS-8 system to lysozyme at different pH values was also investigated. The results showed that mesoporous materials AMS-8 exhibited a good sustained-release effect, and sustained manner is controlled by pH value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of early dentine bridge formation induced by direct pulp capping with nano-hydroxyapatite Qiu Wei, Shi Yong-mei, Xu Jin-yun 2010, 14 (21):  3869-3872.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.016 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (538KB) ( 484 )   Save BACKGROUND: Conventionally, pulp capping materials, mainly calcium hydroxide, have strong alkalinity and strong stimulation to pulp tissue without a long-term sealing effect. With the time going, calcium hydroxide dissolves, and micro-leakage forms, so that bacteria may invade. OBJECTIVE: To observe the early formation of dentine bridges following direct pulp capping with nano-hydroxyapatite. METHODS: A total of 113 teeth from 98 patients with exposed points of dental pulp were divided randomly into two groups. One group was treated with direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide, while the other group was treated with direct pulp capping with nano-hydroxyapatite. Clinical observations were made after six weeks, six months and one year after treatment respectively. Treating effects of the two groups were compared and pulp cavity and periapical change were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no difference in early formation of dentine bridge between treating with calcium hydroxide and with nano-hydroxyapatite (P > 0.05). Nano-hydroxyapatite contributes to the early formation of dentine bridge at 1 year following pulp capping (The clinical success rate was 90% for dentine bridge formation, whereas 65% for non-formation), and it can be used as pulp capping materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and property of three-dimensional poly(propylene carbonate)/chitosan nanofibers composite porous scaffolds Chen Hao-dong, Zhao Jian-hao, Zeng Rong, Tu Mei, Zha Zhen-gang 2010, 14 (21):  3873-3877.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.017 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (646KB) ( 512 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is a new synthetic polyester with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but it also lacks of bioactivity as other synthetic polymers. Nanofibrous chitosan shows an excellent bioactivity. However, nanofibrous chitosan is hard to fabricate a three dimensional network with a high mechanical property. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate three dimensional poly(propylene carbonate)/chitosan nanofibers (PPC/CSNF) composite porous scaffolds with good mechanical properties and bioactivity by combining PPC and CSNF. METHODS: PPC porous scaffold was firstly fabricated by combining a solution-casting and a porogen-leaching technique, followed by in situ phase separation of chitosan solution within the PPC scaffold to form PPC/CSNF composite porous scaffold. The morphology of PPC and PPC/CSNF scaffolds were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The compressive modulus and porosity of the scaffolds were characterized. The cell growth after PPC/CSNF scaffold being subepidermally implanted in the leg of New Zealand rabbit for one and two months was also evaluated by SEM observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A PPC porous scaffold with interconnected pores of 200-500 μm was fabricated. The diameter of chitosan nanofibers in the PPC/CSNF scaffold varied from 50 nm to 500 nm. All the scaffolds showed a high porosity of over 90%. The compressive modulus of various scaffolds increased with the concentration of PPC and reached a maximum of about 15 MPa, which met the mechanical requirement of cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. The implant results showed that PPC/CSNF porous scaffold had good bioactivity and was able to induce the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells of New Zealand rabbit into chondrocytes. A three dimensional PPC/CSNF composite porous scaffold with good mechanical properties and bioactivity was successfully fabricated by combing a phase separation and a solution-casting/porogen-leaching technique. The PPC/CSNF composite scaffold could promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells of New Zealand rabbit into chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of biological materials in the reconstruction of cruciate ligament injuries Yang Hong-tao, Lang Ming-mei, Zhao Qian-qi,Wang Xiang-dong, Pan Jia-bin 2010, 14 (21):  3878-3882.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.018 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (733KB) ( 277 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of reconstructing the cruciate ligaments of knee joint, and to emphasize the type of knee injury, main biological materials and research progress of knee ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Using “cruciate ligament reconstruction, biological materials, artificial ligaments, tissue engineering” as the Chinese keywords, “cruciate ligament, LARS artificial ligament, ligament reconstruction” as the English keywords, a computer search was performed on China Academic Full-text Journal and PubMed database between January 1993 and February 2010. Inclusive criteria: articles related to the biological materials, cruciate ligament reconstruction, artificial ligaments, and tissue engineering; exclusive criteria: repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. A total of 35 articles with the main focus to discuss the types and properties of biological materials applied in knee cruciate ligament reconstruction. RESULTS: Through the analysis of knee injury, the common knee damage is mainly ligament injury, and surgical reconstruction is the predominant approach to restore its function. Secondly, after the main materials of the knee cruciate ligament reconstruction are analyzed, biological materials are proved to exhibit a good application prospect in knee ligament reconstruction, but we must analyze the characteristics of various biological materials and make use of their advantages in practice. The synthetic material artificial ligament may lead to a failure because of poor histocompatibility and fatigue-caused fracture; autologous grafts often exhibit complications at the donor site and fixation problem; allografts always exhibit propagation of diseases, immune response, delayed healing and infection, etc.; to achieve good results during tissue cell differentiation and factor regulation, we should integrate the separation and culture of the seeds, the choice and construction of the scaffold materials, and supplementing cytokines and surface modification together. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the major materials for knee ligament reconstruction is the basis of treating knee joint injury and disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on tissue-engineered vascular scaffold materials Li Bin, Hong Lang, Yin Qiu-lin 2010, 14 (21):  3883-3886.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.019 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (647KB) ( 446 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the properties and applications of various biological materials for tissue engineering repair of skull defects, and to find a reasonable alternative to the skull. METHODS: By using of “tissue engineering, tissue engineering blood vessels, stem cells, cytokines, scaffolds” for the Chinese keywords and “tissue engineering, tissue engineering blood vessel, intravascular stent” for the English keywords, a computer search was performed among articles published between January 1993 and October 2009. Articles related to the biological materials and tissue engineering blood vessel were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Thirty articles mainly focused on types and properties of tissue engineering blood vessel materials. RESULTS: The vascular acellular matrix can be used as an ideal scaffold for vascular tissue engineering application. Fibrin-made scaffold not only has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and high affinity, but also promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair. Gelatin has no antigenicity and exhibits good biocompatibility, it can be completely biodegraded and can support themselves to achieve vascularization. Natural biological materials and synthetic polymer materials all have some deficiencies, according to certain method the two materials combine into a complex matrix and can play their advantages to construct tissue engineering blood vessels with good performance. Nano-modification technology is expected to be applied to the next generation of tissue engineered vascular grafts. CONCLUSION: No ideal vascular scaffold materials have been found. Although natural biological materials are the current research hotspot, their mechanical properties cannot well match the scaffold requirements, thus new materials are urgently needed to better meet the requirements of engineered vascular scaffold and to achieve the goal of repair and reconstruction . Related Articles | Metrics

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Coronary stent material and inflammatory reaction Ma Li-juan, Gao Ming-yu 2010, 14 (21):  3887-3890.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.020 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (522KB) ( 497 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of cardiovascular stent material with the inflammatory response. METHODS: Using “coronary artery disease, coronary stent implantation, inflammation mediation, scaffold” in Chinese for the search terms, the Chinese Journal Full-text databases (CNKI: 2005/2009) and the Medline database (Pubmed: 1995/2008) were retrieved by computer. After excluding review articles, totally 45 articles were retrieved. According to the inclusion criteria, 32 articles selected by the author were involved in further analysis. RESULTS: Rapamycin-eluting stents have excellent biocompatibility and low incidence of restenosis. It is an ideal material for cardiovascular stents. The clinical application of cardiovascular stent biocompatibility showed that drug-eluting stents in clinical application are not affected by age, sex and lesion site. Coated stents can be confirmed to reduce the inflammatory response and the incidence of restenosis after stent implantation, and have an advantage in reducing adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSION: In addition to anti-proliferative properties, as compared with bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents have significant anti-inflammatory properties and then reduces the incidence of restenosis. Rapamycin-eluting stents is a good cardiovascular scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-adhesive liquid embolic material ONYX treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations Zhu Yuan-qun 2010, 14 (21):  3891-3894.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.021 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (632KB) ( 467 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the application effects and embolization techniques of non-adhesive liquid embolic material ONYX in cerebral arteriovenous malformation. METHODS: CNKI database and Wanfang database were retrieved from 1998 to 2010 by the first author using “cerebral arteriovenous malformation, embolism, non-adhesive liquid embolic material, ONYX, butyl cyanoacrylate, embolization techniques” in Chinese as key words, for articles related to advantages and disadvantages of non-adhesive liquid embolic material ONYX, as well as clinical effect and embolization techniques on cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Reproducible study or obsolete literature were excluded. RESULTS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 literatures were involved in the analysis. Non-adhesive liquid embolic material ONYX do not stick in tube and well disperse in the malformed blood vessel group, it can be slowly injected, exhibit a high embolization rate, permanent embolization effect and non-reperfusion phenomenon, also it is easy for surgical resection after embolization, so non-adhesive liquid embolic material ONYX is an ideal embolization material for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. However, certain complications may occur, and techniques should be mastered to treat embolization. CONCLUSION: ONYX is a kind of ideal embolic materials for the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, physicians should master the embolization skills to reduce complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of sustained-release medical materials and application characteristics of sustained-release antihypertensive drugs Wu Ying, Zhang Cai-ping, Pu Na 2010, 14 (21):  3895-3898.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.022 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (653KB) ( 773 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To review the development of sustained-release medical material new formulations, application characteristics of sustained-release antihypertensive drugs in hypertension treatment, and to investigate ideal sustained-release antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: By using “sustained-release materials, sustained-release agents, hypertension” as Chinese key words, a computer search was performed among articles published from January 1995 to October 2009. Articles related to the development of sustained-release medical materials, sustained-release formulations and sustained-release antihypertensive drug were included; the repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Eighteen studies focused mainly on the development of sustained-release medical materials, advantages of sustained-release dosage forms, the incidence of hypertension in China, and the necessity of sustained-release antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: The sustained-release drugs are advantageous to improve efficacy, and reduce side effects and enhance patient’s compliance. They not only fit for the urgent need for clinical pharmacy research, but also have great economic benefits in medical scientific research and pharmaceutical industries. Sustained-release formulations may provide appropriate blood concentration for human body within a predetermined period, and reducing the administration frequency can achieve a good therapeutic effect. With drug delivery systems and administrating locus in-depth, the preparation technology of sustained-release formulations as well as the development of new formulations all have better prospects. There are many materials for preparation of sustained-release formulations, 40 kinds of current sustained-release materials can be widely used for the production and for clinical treatment of many diseases, especially hypertension treatment, it not only reduces fluctuations in blood pressure, lower risk of major cardiovascular events and prevention of target organ damage, but also improves medication compliance. CONCLUSION: Great progress has been made in sustained-release antihypertensive drugs. But drug carrier of some materials is not perfect and still needs to be modified, and sustained-release materials and preparation technology should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material characteristics and clinical application of esophageal stents for treating advanced esophageal carcinoma complicated by malignant esophageal stenosis and esophageal fistula Zhu Tie-feng 2010, 14 (21):  3899-3902.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.023 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (658KB) ( 517 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explore the material characteristics of different types of esophageal stents and their clinical effect in advanced esophageal carcinoma patients complicated by malignant esophageal stenosis and esophageal fistula. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed by the first author on China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI) from 1999 to 2009 and Medline database (Pubmed) from 1997 to 2009 for articles related to the material characteristics of different types of esophageal stents and their clinical effect in advanced esophageal carcinoma patients complicated by malignant esophageal stenosis and esophageal fistula, Meta analysis and reproducible study were excluded, and a total of 22 articles were included. The results were analyzed with case. RESULTS: With the developing techniques of the diagnosis and treatment, esophageal stent has achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma complicated by malignant esophageal strictures and esophageal fistula. The widely used esophageal stent materials are wallstent esophageal stent, “Z” shaped stent, memory metal stent, anti-reflux metal stent, and polyester plastic stent, etc. Seventy-one patients with advanced esophageal cancer were admitted to General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Group between November 2000 and October 2009, have achieving satisfactory results through esophageal stenting. After stenting, swallowing difficulties in patients have been alleviated quickly, and the effective rate was 100%. After stenting, patients exhibited different degrees of pains and foreign body sensation, which were almost tolerable. Three cases showed stent displacement and loss, 28 cases occurred gastroesophageal reflux, 1 died of bleeding 12 hours after implantation, and 18 cases exhibited long-term restenosis. CONCLUSION: Different kinds of esophageal stent materials have its own advantages and disadvantages for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer with esophageal malignant stenosis and esophageal fistula. Wallstent stent induces obvious foreign body sensation after stenting, but is not easy to shift. “Z” shaped stent is more suitable for diastrophic lesions and benign lesions, it can be easily adjusted and recycled, in addition, it can also reduce the incidence of stent restenosis. Memory metal stent is well biocompatible to tissues and soft, with mild foreign body sensation to patients. Anti-reflux stent significantly lowers the incidence of reflux. Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection and biocompatibility of materials for skull defect repair Zhou Yu-feng, Huang Mei, Tang Li-xin 2010, 14 (21):  3903-3906.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.024 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (630KB) ( 682 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate properties and application of biomaterials for skull defects repair to search ideal skull substitutes. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/) was performed for articles published between January 1999 and December 2009 regarding biomaterials in skull defects repair, with key words “tissue engineering, skull defects, biomaterial”. Repetitive studies, review or Meat-analysis were excluded. A total of 24 articles were included.  RESULTS: Traditional nondegradable biological prosthesis can serve as filling materials for skull defects. With developing medicine and tissue engineering techniques, various synthesized biomaterials are developed. Currently, organic glass, silicon rubber, titanium mesh, and polymer composite materials have been used in skull defects repair. However, these materials display some disadvantages, such as fragile to aging and damage, difficult to molding, or poor biocompatibility. Of them, titanium mesh, and polymer composite materials have been extensively used for skull defects repair due to good biocompatibility and properties. Autologous cells and scaffold for skull defects repair has become a focus in biomedical engineering. CONCLUSION: Despite titanium mesh, and polymer composite materials have been extensively used for skull defects repair, it remains further development due to their specific disadvantages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treating old scaphoid fractures using different implant materials Wang Pei, Li Zhe, Li Shu-ying, Yan Hong-wei 2010, 14 (21):  3907-3910.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.025 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (705KB) ( 546 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods and research progress of treating old scaphoid fractures using different implant materials. METHODS: The PubMed database and CNKI database were searched by the first author using key words of “Carpal bone, fracture ununited” in title and abstract items. Papers related to material characteristics, biocompatibility and application results related to this paper were selected. In the same field, articles published in the near future or selected from authoritative journals were included. A total of 25 documents were selected. RESULTS: Plaster cast was used to fix scaphoid fractures at early clinical works, however, because of the great fixation areas, long fixation duration, and poor fixation results, the recovery of range of motion was limited. The outcomes were satisfied when using bone flap and periosteum transplantation technology, combined with internal fixations, such as Kirschner wire, Herbert screw, hollow screw, to treat old scaphoid fractures. With the development of biotechnology, bone materials containing bone morphogenetic protein have been applied in the clinic and achieved good therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION: Currently, bone flap transplantation has achieved satisfactory results in treating scaphoid fractures. Application of bone morphogenetic protein / fibrin composites can enhance the therapeutic effects. The compound of autologous periosteum-wrapped tendon and spongiosa homogenate can be used as the substitute for scaphoid in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Factors influencing friction and loss of artificial hip joint prosthesis Xiao Xiao-yan, Liu Jian-ting, Xiao Jin-ying 2010, 14 (21):  3911-3914.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.026 Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (682KB) ( 575 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explain the importance of improving the performance of artificial hip prosthesis in a view of materials science and clinical application, and to provide evidence for improving the quality of total hip replacement. METHODS: Using “artificial hip, hip replacement, prosthesis, wear mechanism, friction and wear properties” as Chinese key words, “hip, hip replacement, prosthesis, wear mechanism, friction and wear properties” as English key words, articles published between January 1993 and October 2009 were searched by computer. Articles related to the wear properties of artificial hip joint prosthesis were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Thirty articles mainly focused on the importance of improving the properties of hip joint prosthesis. RESULTS: From the design, application, improvement and re-application, artificial hip joints exhibit a very positive effect of treatment, but are faced with various problems, so we should improve artificial hip joint regarding their design and manufacturing techniques, so as to improve the wear resistance and mechanical properties of materials, enhance the integration between prosthesis and host bone, reduce stress shielding, search for new artificial hip joint prosthesis, which all contribute to increase the biocompatibility of the implant and the host, thus allowing better use to extend the prosthesis life. CONCLUSION: Low-wear artificial hip joint prosthesis material is an important factor to improve the quality of treatment. Basic researches and clinical long-term follow-up observations after total hip replacement may provide a more appropriate prosthesis and require continuous exploration in several directions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on different biological materials to prevent adhesions after tendon injury Zhou Xiu-jun 2010, 14 (21):  3915-3918.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.027 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (542KB) ( 438 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different biological materials to prevent the adhesion between tendon and tendon sheath following sports injury repair and to search for a suitable biological material. METHODS: Using “biological materials, tendon injury, postoperative adhesions, clinical application” in Chinese and “biological materials, tendon injury, conglutination” in English as the key words, a computer search was performed for articles published between January 1990 and December 2009. Articles related to the biological materials and tissue engineering femoral defects were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. RESULTS: Following tendon injury, the common complications are tendon adhesion, while tendon adhesion or joint adhesion is common after fracture or joint injury, its prevention and treatment has been a general concern in the medical field. Currently applied approach by domestic and foreign scholars is polymers and drug barrier in the prevention of tendon adhesion. Chitosan, hyaluronic acid and poly-DL-lactic acid film are mostly used and mature technology in the clinical application, achieving satisfactory treatment effect. 5-fluorouracil and fibrin glue are also seen in the clinical treatment, with remarkable effects. Other drugs or materials such as gold foil, collagenase and glycerol mixture, are not seen in the current clinical application and only limited to animal models, they showed obvious outcomes for the prevention of tendon adhesion in animal experiments. CONCLUSION: The scientific and rational combination of various drugs or high-tech biological materials to prevent adhesions after tendon injury will be the future direction of medical development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Knee ligament injury and artificial ligament Wang Feng 2010, 14 (21):  3919-3922.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.028 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (576KB) ( 553 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To classify and summarize the approaches of artificial materials for rehabilitation and treatment of knee ligament injury, to investigate biological material rehabilitation intervention and treatment means of artificial knee injury and the underlying mechanisms, as well as the research focuses. METHODS: A computer search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed by the first author, using “knee joints, ligaments” in Chinese or “Knee, ligament” in English as key words in the titles and abstracts. Articles related to knee ligament treatment approach, materials science characteristics, biocompatibility and its application effect were included, these articles recently published or published in the authorized magazine were preferred for the same field. Totally 28 literatures were included. RESULTS: The anterior cruciate ligament tissue engineering is the hotspots of current study, a large number of researches have been conducted regarding the choice and construction methods of scaffold materials, the isolation and culture methods of seed cells, and the application of cell factor and surface modification. Now in vitro experiments and biomechanical experiments have achieved good results, but there are still a lot of questions. With advancements in the cell biology and molecular biology methods and technology, tendon ligament injury repair has processed into a new stage, also achieving great progress. The rise of tissue engineering provides an effective way for ligament. CONCLUSION: In anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, autologous graft is still the best choice, but the artificial ligament also demonstrates its unique advantages. Although artificial ligament has deficiencies and is not ideal enough to completely replace the cruciate ligament, artificial ligament really provides a choice for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, it is an important step in the history of cruciate ligament reconstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tracheal stent and artificial tracheal materials Zhou Xin 2010, 14 (21):  3923-3926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.029 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (671KB) ( 562 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the classification, features of artificial tracheal materials and application of tracheal stent in treating tracheal or bronchial stenosis, as well as the disposals for related complications. METHODS: The databases of PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm) were searched by the first author using search words of “artificial trachea, tracheal stent” both in English and Chinese. Articles about classification, materials selection, as well as the application outcomes were involved, in the same field, papers published in authoritative articles during the last three years were selected preferentially, totally 10 documents were included in this study. RESULTS: The high molecular polymer trachea possessed biotype composite structures, which combined the merits of previous artificial trachea and exhibited advantages in preventing prosthesis slippage, displacement, air leakage, as well as bare or collapse. The net structure of nick-eltitanium alloy stent allowed the axial and coronary movement of metal wire which is suitable for irregular or scraggy surfaces, thus, it was widely used in treating benign or malignant tracheobronchial stenosis. CONCLUSION: With the development of tissue engineering, some progressive achievements, such as application of seed cells and tracheal epithelial cells in constructing tissue engineered trachea, have been obtained. However, whether these tissue engineered trachea can maintain its activity and plays normal physiologic function in vivo still needs to be explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Different filling materials in root canal therapy and their biocompatibility Che Tong 2010, 14 (21):  3927-3930.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.030 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (753KB) ( 361 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To study the application and biocompatibility of different root canal filling materials in the root canal therapy, and to find a reasonable filling material. METHODS: Using “root canal therapy, filling materials, pulposis, periapical disease” in Chinese as the key words, a computer search was performed in Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and the VIP Database (http://www.cqvip.com/) between January 2001 and December 2009 for articles about the root canal filling materials and their biocompatibility, excluding repeated studies or Meta analysis. Totally 36 documents were retained for further analysis, and literature type includes animal experiments and clinical research. RESULTS: The common root canal filling materials can be classified into the paste and rigid ones according to their characters. Rigid type of root canal filling materials include gutta percha point and silver cone, etc., dental adhesive is commonly used in clinical application, occupying the main root canal space, but this type of root canal filling materials can not completely fill root canal, and should combine with paste materials, and sealers in a paste to fill root canal should not be too much, its role is only to fill the gap between gutta-percha, between gutta-percha and root wall. Paste type of root canal filling materials are made from the powder and liquid, they could harden after filling. The zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide or iodoform are mostly used for the matrix of pastes, common pastes are zinc oxide eugenol paste, calcium hydroxide paste, and Vitapex paste. CONCLUSION: There is no one kind of material that can fully meet the requirements, the application of existing materials should be accompanied by efforts to develop new materials, thus meeting the clinical requirements. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of various orbital implants in orbital reconstruction Wu Ying, Sun Zhi-min, Song Yu 2010, 14 (21):  3931-3934.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.031 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (651KB) ( 866 )   Save BACKGROUND: To analyze and summarize the classification, properties, application and complication treatment of orbital implant in orbital reconstruction. METHDOS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was performed for related articles with the key words “orbital implant, hydroxyapatite” in English and Chinese. Articles regarding classification, material properties, biocompatibility and application effect of orbital implant, published recently in authoritative journals in the same fields were included. Finally, a total of 20 articles were included. RESULTS: Understanding of classification, features, reaction with host of orbital implant is very important for appropriate selection of materials for enucleation of eyeball, eye content removal. Porous hydroxyapatite ocular prosthesis is atoxic, and histocompatible with no sensitization. Moreover, the porous structures allow ingrowth of new vessels and fibrous tissues. It has become an important implant for orbit reconstruction following enucleation of eyeball. Orbital implant exposure is a common and severe complication after implantation. The orbital implant coated with a layer of tissues can reduce the mechanical stimulation of the rough surface and decrease incidence of exposure. CONCLUSION: Recent studies have shown that autologous double-sclera shape cover can significantly reduce incidence of exposure following hydroxyapatite orbital implantation. The histocompatibility, vascularization, anti-infection and complication reduction of orbital implant should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility and effectiveness of medical patch in female pelvic floor reconstruction Zhang Hong 2010, 14 (21):  3935-3938.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.032 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (627KB) ( 425 )   Save BACKGROUND: Understanding the type, biological and material science characteristics of the patch, as well as the feasibility, effectiveness and complications in the application process, can lay the theoretical foundation for the work. OBJECTIVE: To summarize patch types, characteristics of biology and materials science, to define the feasibility of applying patch in the pelvic floor reconstruction, and to control the complications in the pelvic floor repair and reconstruction. METHODS: PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net / index.htm) were searched on computer by using Chinese keywords of patch, pelvic floor reconstruction and English keywords of biological Patch, reconstructive pelvic surgery. Articles related to patch type, materials science characteristics and its application effect were included. In the same field, literatures published recently or published in the authority magazine were preferred. According to inclusive criteria, 28 literatures were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As the pelvic floor tissue substitute, materials used for pelvic floor repair and reconstruction can replace the damaged pelvic fascia tissue, currently including biological materials and synthetic materials. Various repair materials have their advantages and disadvantages. There has always been controversy regarding patch material choice. Comprehensive literature shows some medical institutions applied the patch for treatment of vaginal anterior and posterior wall prolapse, pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence and other pelvic floor dysfunction to varying degrees, the included patients ranged from 1 to 80 cases, the application of patch was showns to be feasible and effective from the operation time, patch placing time, blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative recovery, repair success rate, postoperative residual urine volume and other indicators, it reduces the recurrence rate and reconstructs the pelvic floor function. The most common complications of the patch are the erosion and infection. Specific conditions of the patients should be considered in choosing a suitable surgical approach. But which kind of patch contributes to the proximal application and betters long-term effect of surgery needs to a large-scale prospective case-control study based on a longer time of follow up. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of sustained-release and controlled-release medical polymer materials Zeng Chun-xiang, Zhang Si-han 2010, 14 (21):  3939-3942.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.033 Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (704KB) ( 956 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of sustained-release and controlled-release medical polymer materials, and to explore their application. METHODS: Using “sustained-release drugs, controlled-release drugs, polymer material, drug delivery, clinical application” in Chinese and “controlled drug release, drug delivery, drug release material, polymer material, clinical application” in English as the keywords, a computer search was performed among articles published from January 2003 to March 2010. Articles related to clinical application of sustained-release and controlled-release pharmaceutical polymer materials were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Thirty articles mainly discuss the type and performance characteristics of sustained- release and controlled-release medical polymer materials. RESULTS: In recent years, sustained-release and controlled-release technologies are developing rapidly. Research, development and utilization of sustained-release and controlled-release formulations can greatly satisfy the clinical needs, and provide a strong guarantee for the prevention and treatment of many patients. There are a wide range of drugs suitable for the preparation of sustained-release and controlled-release pharmaceuticals, various types of sustained-release and controlled- release formulations, such as skeleton controlled-release formulations, coated controlled-release formulations, sustained-release capsules, microcapsule sustained-release formulations, sustained-release films, sustained-release suppositories have been widely used in the clinic. CONCLUSION: The sustained-release and controlled-release formulations and the polymer materials have almost become an inalienable component of drug delivery and penetration process. Although the development of sustained-release and controlled- release formulations, as well as pharmaceutical equipment are constantly updated, they are not enough to achieve the desired application standards. Therefore, a new kind of materials with sustained-release and controlled-release characteristics should be developed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of starch as a drug carrier Chen Li-xin, Chen Qian 2010, 14 (21):  3943-3944.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.034 Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (386KB) ( 496 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analyze the research and application progress of starch as a drug delivery carrier. METHODS: A computer search was performed for articles published from January 1991 to December 2009. Articles related to the drug carrier and drug controlled release preparation were included, while duplicated articles or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Totally 24 articles mainly discussed the types and performance of tissue engineered blood vessel materials. RESULTS: As a new drug carrier, starch can serve as a type of biodegradable polymers, based on its good biocompatibility, it plays a very important role in research and development of pharmaceutical controlled release additives, also in increasing treatment effect. Articles have introduced the general characteristics, synthetic methods, drug carrying approaches and development of starch functional materials such as starch matrix tablets, microcapsules, microspheres and starch nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: At present, the nano-particle has attracted widespread concern from research workers due to its unique advantages. By surface modification or the use of special materials, nanoparticles could reach target, contributing to the absorption of insoluble drugs, and improving drug bioavailability and stability, in particular, the capacity of targeting into cells indicates a potential application in the field of tumor treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of collagen materials in drug delivery carrier Huang Xue-qun, Yang Ya-yong, Luo Yue-hong 2010, 14 (21):  3945-3948.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.035 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (600KB) ( 353 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of collagen materials as drug delivery carrier, and to search a new tissue engineered alternative. METHODS: Using "tissue engineering, collagen materials, histocompatibility, drug delivery carrier, clinical application” in Chinese as the key words, a computer search was performed in VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) and Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) between January 1993 and October 2009 for articles about the collagen materials applied in drug delivery. The repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Totally 25 articles focusing on collagen-based materials in the drug delivery carrier were involved in further analysis. RESULTS: Clinical application of collagen material is involved in skin damage repair, cartilage damage repair and wound bleeding, etc., as well as constructing myocardial tissue as tissue engineering scaffolds. Collagen materials have high tensile strength, biodegradability, low antigenicity, low irritant and low cell toxicity, also can promote cell growth. Therefore collagen is an ideal biomedical material and drug carrier. As the half life of growth factor is usually short, and collagen cannot directly serve as a growth factor delivery carrier because of its good water-solubility. Lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer has been widely used in the construction of sustained-release carrier due to water insolubility, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. CONCLUSION: Although the collagen material is an ideal biomedical material and drug carrier, it exhibits different effects in a variety of clinical applications and drug carriers, which is due to many insolvable problems in the construction of sustained-release vector. The natural biological materials are the current hot spot, but how to make collagen materials meet drug carrier requirements is an urgent need to solve the vector construction, and ultimately fully apply collagen material and achieve the goal of tissue repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sealing performance of different pastes for root canal filling Shi Xiao-ning, Fan Yu-hong, Shi Yong-wei, Li Chun-liang 2010, 14 (21):  3949-3952.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.036 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (554KB) ( 513 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To study the sealing properties of different materials for root canal filling. METHODS: A computer search was performed in VIP database for articles related to the sealing of root canal filling materials, published from January 1998 to October 2009. Chinese key words are root canal filling materials, micro-leakage, sealing. After the first trial, each article citation was checked, and a total of 23 literatures were selected. RESULTS: There are a wide range of paste materials for root canal filling, such as zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, resin, biological materials and others. Paste type root canal filling material is essential for good root canal filling, it is used to fill the gap between root canal wall and solid root canal filling material, as well as the collateral canal, the isthmus and the irregular root canal system, it can improve the sealing performance of root canal filling. By comprehensive comparison of the sealing performance of different root canal filling materials, none of these materials can acquire100% sealing effect. Current researches focus on nano-materials, bonding sealant materials and different methods of filling. CONCLUSION: With the rapid development of dental materials science, the root canal filling material can be continuously improved and updated. A better and more complete filling material is promising in future clinical work, so as to create the ideal conditions for root canal filling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial tendon materials applied in hand surgery Zhang Yi-yang 2010, 14 (21):  3953-3956.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.037 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (697KB) ( 420 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the classification and properties of artificial tendon materials, as well as their application in hand surgery and complications. METHODS: Using “artificial tendon, hand surgery, cell scaffold” in Chinese and “artificial tendon, hand surgery, cytoskeleton” in English as the key words, the first author conducted a computer search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) through screening the titles and abstracts. Articles about the material science, biocompatibility and its application effect of the key words were selected, those recently published or published in the authority magazine were preferred in the same field. Totally 15 documents were included. RESULTS: The tissue engineered scaffold material is a key and difficult point in tissue engineering studies. The absence of a suitable scaffold may induce the loss even death of seed cells. Tissue engineered scaffold materials should have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, three-dimensional structure and mechanical strength, also have good surface activity to facilitate the adhesion of seed cells, and provide a good microenvironment for cells growing, proliferating and secreting matrix on the surface. Artificial tendon serves as a living alternative to the new tendon defect substitute, it is assimilated into a part of the body and involved in the body update. The basic research and clinical application of tissue engineered tendon have shown an attractive prospect. CONCLUSION: The tendon tissue engineering highly demands scaffold materials, the development of composite materials will continue to be hot spots for future research, the materials preparation, design, and performance optimization will be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of anti-tumor sustained-release reagents in chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer and therapeutic effect evaluation Pan Yan-kang, Long Teng-he, Huang Min, Liu Yu-heng 2010, 14 (21):  3957-3960.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.038 Abstract ( 71 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of anti-tumor sustained-release reagent in gastrointestinal tumors, and to find a reasonable treatment. METHODS: Using “esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, implantation of chemotherapy , sustained- release implants, chemical drugs” as the Chinese keywords and “esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, implantation of chemotherapy , sustained release implants, chemicals” as the English keywords, a computer search was performed among articles published between January 1993 and October 2009. Articles related with the biological materials and tissue engineering blood vessels were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. RESULTS: The implanted sustained-release implants of chemotherapy (i.e. chemotherapeutics) may restrict the drug dissolution and diffusion rate through different carriers and preparation techniques, slowly and continuously release drugs, those drugs at a relatively stable maximal concentration only works in local part. In the digestive tract tumor or residual tumor and possible tiny tumor metastases locus, we may implant sustained-release chemotherapy reagents, thus improving local drug dose and action time, while reducing or avoiding side effects caused by the common chemotherapy, providing a new route of administration for chemical treatment of tumors; intratumoral injection of chemotherapy sustained-release reagent can reduce pain and bring new hope for tumor patients at advanced stage who are absent for surgery, radiotherapy or common chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor sustained-release reagent can be used as an ideal sustained-release implant in digestive tract cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion of dental metal and alloy materials in oral application Gong Lei, Xiao Hong 2010, 14 (21):  3961-3964.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.039 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (712KB) ( 619 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors of metal and alloy corrosion resistance in the oral cavity, and to improve its corrosion resistance. METHODS: By using “corrosive, corrosion resistance, dental alloys, prosthodontics, dental materials” as Chinese keywords and “Corrosive, Corrosion resistance, Dental alloys, Prosthodontics, Dental Materials” as English keywords, a computer search was performed on PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and VIP Database (http://www.cqvip.com/) between January 1993 and October 2009. Articles related to the corrosion of dental metal and alloy materials were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Fifteen articles mainly focus on the impact factor on the corrosion resistance of dental metals and alloys. RESULTS: The corrosion of metals and alloys mainly is various forms of electrochemical corrosion, the main impact factors include alloy composition, pH value, medium composition and dissimilar metals. There are many studies regarding the improvement of metal and alloy corrosion resistance, mainly by changing the composition and surface modification of dental alloys. Noble metals, inert elements, and active metal elements easy to form dense oxide film all have good corrosion resistance, so these elements are suggested to add more to enhance corrosion resistance when dental alloys are used. Deep cryogenic technology can improve many mechanical properties of materials, stabilize chemical composition, improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, and get a good dimensional stability. To prevent galvanic corrosion, we should choose the same kind of materials or choose the metals or alloys which are similar to steady electric potential in the galvanic series for dental materials. CONCLUSION: The performance of metal and alloy materials still needs improvement, more researches are deserved to improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of dental alloys, thus minimizing the impact on the human body. Related Articles | Metrics

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A systematic assessment on surface modified artificial ligament for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Zhou Yu-kun, Peng Hong-ling 2010, 14 (21):  3965-3968.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.040 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (658KB) ( 317 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of artificial ligament surface modification in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Using “artificial ligament, scaffolds, cruciate ligament, reconstruction” as the search word, an electric retrieval was performed in the Chinese Journal Full-text database (CNKI: 1990/2010). In vitro studies and animal experiments were summarized and analyzed, clinical comparative study was analyzed using Review Manager4.2 software. RESULTS: Five out of 16 in vitro studies were involved in the analysis, showing various forms of surface modification can achieve good biological properties and tissue compatibility of artificial ligament. Four out of 19 animal experiments show that, surface modified artificial ligaments also exhibit biological functions in animals and then achieve the goal of joint function restoration. Five out of 57 clinical comparative analysis were demonstrated by Meta analysis, there were differences between the artificial ligament reconstruction group and the non-artificial ligament reconstruction group, but not statistically significant (P = 0.40), the RR value and 95%CI of 5 test articles were 1.10 (-1.01, 3.21), 6.80 (4.10, 9.50), -0.66 (-1.16, 0.16), 8.06 (5.17, 10.95), 4.18 (2.48, 5.88), respectively, the combined RR values and 95%CI was 0.20 (-0.26, 0.65). CONCLUSION: The surface modified artificial ligament shows good biocompatibility and safety for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and can obtain similar clinical effects in allogeneic or autologous transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and advances of drug nanocapsule system carrier in orthopedic field Zhu Xiao-fei, Sheng Wen-bo, Su Jia-can 2010, 14 (21):  3969-3972.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.041 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (575KB) ( 416 )   Save BACKGROUND: Drug nanocapsule system carrier is the fundament of maximizing drug effect. It is now documented that drug nanocapsule system carrier can not only load drug or drug-loaded nanocapsules but also be a scaffold for the repair of bone defect and bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To review current situation of drug nanocapsule system carrier in orthopedics. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Elsevier (http://www.sciencedirect.com/) and VIP (http://202.121.226.3/index.asp) was performed for English and Chinese articles with all the key words “drug nanocapsule, delivery, calcium phosphate cement, bone cement, titanium, coral hydroxyapatite, nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen, antibiotic/antibiotics, bone defect, bone regeneration” in English and Chinese. Inclusive criteria: Researches about drug nanocapsule system carrier in treating infection, bone defect repair and bone regeneration facilitation. Irrelevant or repetitive articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Drug nanocapsule system carrier is an ideal vehicle for medicine. Compared with traditional drug administration, it controls release of medicine and concentrates medicine in a focus. So when it carries growth factor or medicine, it can maximize the effect with minimal dose. However, it is under exploration, and questions require further validation as to its interaction with human body and effect on bioactivity of medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and clinical application of biomedical absorbable hemostatic materials Wang Xiang-fei, Zhang Xiao-dan, Zhou Han-xin 2010, 14 (21):  3973-3976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.042 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (1583KB) ( 1125 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some patients with coagulation disorders and substantiality abdomen viscera trauma cannot stop bleeding when using conventional surgical techniques alone, so the biomedical research and clinical application of absorbable hemostatic materials have been rapidly developed. OBJECTIVE: To review the research status of clinical absorbable hemostatic materials in recent years, and to provide guidance to clinicians. METHODS: The database of PubMed and CNKI from February 2000 to February 2010 was retrieved on computer using key words of “biomaterial, hemostatic material, bioresorbable material, hemostasis effect, hemostatic mechanism”. The literature was limited to English and Chinese languages. Literatures concerning application of biomedical absorbable hemostatic materials were included, consisting of reviews and clinical experiments. Other papers about duplicated study and contents inconsistent with the research purpose were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on literature review, the bioabresorbable hemostasis materials include fibrin glue, oxidized regenerated cellulose and oxidized cellulose, α-cyano-acrylate tissue adhesive, abresorbable gelatin sponge, microfiber collagen. Different hemostatic materials are varied in the hemostatic mechanism and hemostatic effect, only fully understanding the performance of various hemostatic materials can achieve very efficient outcomes in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Periodontium of abutment teeth affected by porcelain fused to metal crowns of Ni-Cr alloy, precious metal and galvanized forming crowns/bridges: One-year follow-up visit   Lü Hui, Tan Hong 2010, 14 (21):  3977-3980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.043 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (1583KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, porcelain materials applied in clinical practice are mainly complete crown, different kinds of porcelain substrate materials exhibiting adverse effect on the periodontium of abutment teeth has been attracting more and more attention, some periodontal inflammation problems such as gingival swelling and bleeding are becoming a focus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of three kinds of porcelain fused to metal crowns, including Ni-Cr alloy, precious metal and galvanized forming crowns/bridges, on periodontal health. METHODS: According to the aspiration of the patient, 254 teeth from 78 patients were respectively restored by Ni-Cr alloy, precious metal and galvanized forming crowns/bridges. Follow-up visits were performed at one year postoperation, to compare the gingival color, sulcus bleeding index, plaque index and the change of periodontal probing depth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 year, 21 teeth restored by Ni-Cr alloy porcelain fused to metal crowns showed the change of gingival color, but the effect of precious metal porcelain fused to metal crowns and galvanized forming crowns/bridges was little or no on gingival color. Cases restored by Ni-Cr alloy porcelain fused to metal crowns/bridges and precious metal crowns/bridges showed significant difference in sulcus bleeding index between pre- and post-restoration, while galvanized forming crowns showed no significant difference. There are no significant difference in three groups of the plaque index and periodontal probing depth between pre- and post-restoration. Results demonstrated that galvanized forming crowns/bridges have minimal effect on the health of periodontal tissue, then precious metal crowns/bridges, and Ni-Cr alloy porcelain fused to metal crowns/bridges maximal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anesthesia-induced early-stage volume expansion effects of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 versus modified fluid gelatin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft Zhang Yu, Xue Yu-liang, Wang Hong-wu 2010, 14 (21):  3981-3984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.044 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: The understanding of volume expansion effect of different colloid solutions in critical ill patient or during crucial period of anesthesia is immediately needed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dynamic changes of colloid osmotic pressure and hemoglobin concentration before and after colloid solution infusions, to establish setting equations and estimate intravascular volume according to principle of conservation of mass, and to compare the effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and modified fluid gelatin on volume expansion early after induction. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft, received either 7 mL/kg hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 or 7 mg/kg modified fluid gelatin within 10 minutes after induction. Colloid osmotic pressure, hemocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean artery pressure were measured at 3 time points: before colloid fluid infusion, immediate after infusion and 1 hour after infusion. Intravascular volume (V(0), V(1), V(2)), expanded blood volume (V△1, V△2) and volume expansion rate (V△1/V(infusion)) immediately after colloid fluid infusion were calculated by equations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference of mean artery pressure between groups at each time point (P > 0.05). V(1) > V(0) in both groups (P < 0.05). V△1/V(infusion) was higher than 100% in both groups (P < 0.05), however, no difference of V△1/V(infusion) was found between groups (P > 0.05). V(1) and V(2) was comparable in modified fluid gelatin group (P > 0.05), however V(2) was higher than V(1) in hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 group (P < 0.05). The results above demonstrate that both hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and modified fluid gelatin have a strong immediate volume expansion ability, as well as produced a shift of solution from extravascular space to intravascular space, but hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 has a slightly greater volume persistence than modified fluid gelatin, however this slight difference does not significantly affect the hemodynamic feature of both groups. Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradable scaffolds combined with basic fibroblast growth factor for myocardial angiogenesis Zhao Jian, Cheng Zhao-yun, Lü Feng, Liu Tian-jun, Liu Xiao-cheng 2010, 14 (21):  3985-3988.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.21.045 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (359KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor has effects on stimulating vessel regeneration and collateral reconstruction. However, administration was performed mostly by peripheral vein, left atrium or percutaneous coronary intervention, and it is difficult to achieve an effective therapeutic concentration in the local myocardium. OBJECTIVE: Based on the property of poly(D, l-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), to investigate outcomes of inducing neovascularization in the myocardium in combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by ensuring target release of protein growth factor in local tissue. METHODS: PLGA and bFGF were dissolved in dichloromethane. This liquid mixture was rolled into the form of a hollow tube (3.0 mm outer diameter, 2.8 mm inner diameter, 0.1 mm thick, 10 mm length) for further use. The middle third of the left anterior descending coronary artery of mini-swines was ligated, and the local myocardium became dark purple. After the successful establishment by abnormal regional wall motion in the cardiac apex at anterior wall using ultrasound, the mini-swines were assigned to channels and bare scaffolds (BS) group and channels and bFGF-incorporating scaffolds (FS) group. The scaffold was implanted in the myocardium using self-made hollow bit. At 6 weeks, the number of proliferative cells was quantified by immunohistochemical staining. New vessels were quantified utilizing Image-Pro Plus software package in both groups. Quantitative analysis of changes in mass defect percentage was performed by Emory Cardiac Toolbox software combined with single-photon-emission computed tomography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 6 weeks, number of proliferative cells and the density of new vessels were significantly increased in the FS group compared with BS group (P < 0.001). Single-photon-emission computed tomography illustrates that MDP was significantly lower in the FS group compared with the BS group (P < 0.001). Results have suggested that PLGA scaffolds that incorporate bFGF were able to induce angiogenesis and enhance blood-flow perfusion. Related Articles | Metrics