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13 August 2015, Volume 19 Issue 33 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Correlation between serum leptin level and healing of long tubular fractures of the limbs after internal fixation Wang Hai-bin, Gao Ming, Yan Ji-hui, Meng Fan-lei, Li Dong-mei, Jia Cun-ling 2015, 19 (33):  5249-5253.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.001 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (752KB) ( 273 )   Save BACKGROUND: After internal fixation, limb fracture nonunion is the most common complication. Many factors affect fracture healing, but in recent years researchers have found that serum leptin may be involved in the process of fracture healing to regulate a variety of metabolisms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the changes of serum leptin and fracture healing in patients with long tubular fracture of the limbs after internal fixation. METHODS: Sixty patients with long tubular bone fracture who underwent internal fixation treatment were selected, and divided into two groups, union group (n=30) and nonunion group (n=30), according to the degree of fracture healing at 8 months after operation. Another 30 healthy volunteers served as normal control group. Peripheral blood samples were extracted before and after internal fixation to detect the changes in serum leptin levels using ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum leptin level was higher in the union group and nonunion group than the normal control group as well as higher in the union group than the nonunion group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the serum leptin levels in the union group before and after operation, but the nonunion group had a higher preoperative serum leptin level than the postoperative level. These findings indicate that the serum leptin may have an influence on fracture healing.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early neurovascular repair in femoral fractures combined with knee joint injuries: evaluation of ligament healing and knee joint function He Lei, Ao Yong-xing, Ma Hai-tang 2015, 19 (33):  5254-5258.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.002 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (801KB) ( 280 )   Save BACKGROUND: Femoral fractures easily cause damages to patient’s blood vessels and nerves. If there is no proper treatment, it is easy to result in physical disabilities in patients. Early neurovascular repair may have a positive impact on the patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the clinical effects of early neurovascular repair on femoral fractures combined with knee joint injuries. METHODS: Eighty patients with femoral fractures combined with knee joint injuries were selected and equally divided into control group (the injury time was > 8 hours but ≤ 48 hours) and observation group (the injury time ≤ 8 hours) prior to early neurovascular repair. Amputation rate and the time of femur and knee ligament healing in patients with no amputation were analyzed in the two groups, and Lysholm scores were measured to assess the knee function of patients without amputation in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The amputation rate was 22% in the control group and 5% in the observation group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The time of femoral and ligament healing in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Lysholm scores were also better in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that early neurovascular repair is preferred for patients with confirmed femoral fractures combined with knee joint injuries as soon as possible.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程     Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients Ai Qian, Yang Hui-ming 2015, 19 (33):  5259-5263.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.003 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (751KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that the onset of osteoarthritis is closely related to inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and their correlation with the severity of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Synovial fluid specimens of 78 patients were harvested to detect the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 using ELISA assay. The severity of osteoarthritis was estimated by the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to explore the pairwise correlations between interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and HSS score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluid were (13.1±5.7) and (989.3±429.5) μg/L, respectively; the HSS score was (56.4±12.0) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 had a significant positive correlation (r=0.70, P < 0.001); the levels of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 had a negative correlation with the HSS scores (r=-0.70, r=-0.75, P < 0.001). Experimental findings show that there is a positive correlation between interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the synovial fluids, and these two cytokines also have a positive correlation with the severity of osteoarthritis, indicating that to measure interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels in the synovial fluids of osteoarthritis patients is important for early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of bone mineral density and serum trace elements between Uygur young and elderly women in Urumqi Wang Xin-ling, Li Gui-cai, Zhang Hua, Cui Yong 2015, 19 (33):  5264-5268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.004 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (834KB) ( 558 )   Save BACKGROUND: Estrogen promotes the storage of trace elements in the bones and thereby impacts the variation of bone mineral density through influencing the bone cell metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To study the difference of bone mineral density and serum trace elements between Uygur young and elderly females from Urumqi. METHODS: The bone mineral density was measured in the Uygur women aged 30 to 40 years and 60 to 70 years in Urumqi by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry made in MEDILINK. The serum levels of trace elements, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, were measured by Unicel Dxc 800 Synchron biochemical test instrument produced by Beckman Kurt, USA. Serum levels of trace elements and bone mineral density were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the elderly group, the bone mineral density was significantly higher but the serum level of zinc was lower in the young group (both P < 0.001). There were no differences in the other trace elements between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the bone mineral density of Uygur women at different age is significantly correlated with a part of trace elements in serum. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of medicated serum containing Duhuojisheng Decoction on the expression of cytochrome C, proCaspase-9 and proCaspase-3 in degenerative chondrocytes Wang Wu-lian, Lin Yu, Zhang Yi-yuan, Xiao Li-li, Feng Er-you 2015, 19 (33):  5269-5273.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.005 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (866KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that apoptosis, a central feature of articular chondrocytes, plays a dominant role in cartilage damage, which is one of the pathological factors of articular cartilage degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of meditcated serum containing Duhuojisheng Decoction on the expression of cytochrome C, proCaspase-9 and proCaspase-3 in rat degenerative chondrocytes in vitro and to investigate the possible molecular biological mechanism of Duhuojisheng Decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A cultivation system of degenerative chondrocytes in vitro was established. After treatment with meditcated serum containing Duhuojisheng Decoction or blank serum for 24 and 48 hours, the protein expression of cytochrome C, proCaspase-9 and proCaspase-3 was measured by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the cytoplasm, the release of cytochrome C was reduced gradually in both groups in a time-dependent manner, and the release amount of cytochrome C was significantly lower in the medicated serum group than the blank serum group (P < 0.05). In mitochondria, cytochrome C leakage was gradually decreased in both groups, and it was decreased significantly in the medicated serum group compared with the blank serum group (P < 0.05). The protein expression of proCaspase-9 and proCaspase-3 was gradually increased in both groups, especially in the medicated serum group; the medicated serum containing Duhuojisheng Decoction could promote the protein expression of proCaspase-9 and proCaspase-3 in a time-dependent manner, and there was a significant difference at 24 and 48 hours (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the medicated serum containing Duhuojisheng Decoction can inhibit the apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocytes through inhibiting the release of cytochrome C and the activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of transforming growth factor beta3 in meniscus development Wang Jian, Sun Yu, Bai Xi-zhuang 2015, 19 (33):  5274-5278.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.006 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (761KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since the meniscal blood supply is only in the red zone, the synovial fluid becomes the main nutrition source of the meniscus. As its poor self-healing ability, the meniscus is almost impossible to heal in non-blood supply regions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and characteristics of transforming growth factor-β3 in the rat meniscus during postnatal development. METHODS: Meniscus tissues of Wistar rats with different ages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days) were adopted, and immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods were performed to detect the location and expression pattern of transforming growth factor-β3 within the meniscus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the expression of transforming growth factor-β3 started from the joint capsule, and gradually extended to the red zone, gray zone, and white area; RT-PCR results showed the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β3 in the rat meniscus at different ages, and during development process gradually increased until adult stage (rat weight > 100 g), which remained relatively stable. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and its relationship to apoptosis in human lumbar nucleus pulposus Liu Xing-zhen, Jin Wen-jie, Shen Kang-ping, Fu Zhi-yi, Wu Yu-jie 2015, 19 (33):  5279-5283.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.007 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (841KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Under hypoxic environment, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α plays a dual regulatory role in cell apoptosis. Severity of hypoxia is the key to determine whether cells appear to have apoptosis or adapt to survive. When the cells are exposed to chronic or extreme hypoxia, a lack of protection mechanisms from hypoxia-inducible factor-1α can induce cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To research the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in human lumbar nucleus pulposus of different herniated types and its relationships with cell apoptosis. METHODS: The nucleus pulposus was harvested from 60 cases of herniation of lumbar intervertebral discs, L4-5 in 41 cases and L5-S1 in 19 cases. The nucleus pulposus tissues were equally divided into protruded and sequestered groups. Meanwhile, the nucleus pulposus tissues from another 10 cases of lumbar spine fracture were taken as control group. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and apoptosis of lumbar nucleus pulposus cells were observed and detected with immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL method. Correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and apoptosis in human lumbar nucleus pulposus of different herniated types was analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was visualized in each case, but it was significantly higher in the sequestered group than in the protruded group and control group (P < 0.01). Apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells were found in all the three groups, but the apoptotic rate was also higher in the sequestered group than in the protruded group and control group (P < 0.01). Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was positively correlated with cell apoptosis in human lumbar nucleus pulposus (P < 0.01). Overall, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in degenerative human lumbar nucleus pulposus is associated with herniated types, which is the highest in the sequestered type. The relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and apoptosis is positive. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cyclic tensile stress effects on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts Zhang Yue, Jiang Chang-qing, Yu Xin-juan 2015, 19 (33):  5284-5288.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.008 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (732KB) ( 314 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that cyclic tensile stress can induce the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a certain time. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cyclic tensile stress on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and to clarify the role of JNK, p38MAPK, PI3K pathway in the cyclic tensile stress-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured in vitro were given stimulation of cyclic tensile stress in vitro for 1, 6, 12, 24 hours using multi-channel cell stretch stress loading system (experimental group). Control group was set up and not given any stimulation at the same time. The cells under stress application for 12 hours were given specific inhibitors of JNK, p38MAPK, PI3K respectively at the beginning, and were compared with those with no inhibitors. The concentrations of connective tissue growth factor in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was detected by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the expression of connective tissue growthfactor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts under cyclic tensile stress began to increase at 1 hour, increased manifestly at 6 hours, reached the peak at 12 hours, and then decreased at 24 hours. The expression of connective tissue growth factor was reduced by the specific inhibitors of JNK, while the specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK, PI3K had not the same effect. In a certain time, the cyclic tensile stress can induce a time-dependent increase in mRNA and protein levels of connective tissue growth factor. Along with the extending of time, the expression of connective tissue growth factor begins to decrease. Cyclic tensile stress can regulate expression of connective tissue growth factor in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts via the JNK pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Compatibility of Chinese nourishing kidney herbs influences osteoblast activity and Smad4 mRNA expression Jia Ying-min, Li Rui-yu, Wu Mi-shan, Huo Rui-lou, Li Bin, Guo Ya-jin 2015, 19 (33):  5289-5294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.009 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (4971KB) ( 529 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chinese nourishing kidney herbs can prevent osteoporosis and improve bone metabolism, which has been proved in animal and cell experiments. But there are few reports on the compatibility of Chinese nourishing kidney herbs, and it is difficult to screen the optimal compatibility, as the interaction of active ingredients and drug substance basis are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proliferation, differentiation and Smad4 mRNA expression of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat osteoblasts cultured by Chinese nourishing kidney herbs with different compatibility so as to find out the optimal compatibility of Chinese nourishing kidney herbs. METHODS: Passage 5 osteoblasts were divided into five groups: group A, 1×10-5 mol/L icariin; group B, 1×10-5mol/L icariin+1×10-5 mol/L naringin; group C, 1×10-5mol/L icariin+1×10-5 mol/L diosgenin; group D, 1×10-5mol/L icariin+1×10-5 mol/L catalpol; group E, 10 μL normal saline (control group). There were six wells in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the group E, the proliferative ability of osteoblasts and expression of Smad4 mRNA were increased in the groups B and C; until the 72nd hour, the proliferative ability of osteoblasts in the group B reached the peak. At 48 hours of culture, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in groups B and C was higher than that in group E; at 72 hours of culture, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in groups B and D was higher than that in group E. These findings indicate that the compatibility of Chinese nourishing kidney herbs can influence the activity of osteoblasts, and icariin+naringin has the strongest effect. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Local intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate delays articular cartilage degeneration after traumatic osteoarthritis  Zhou Jian-lin, Deng Shuang, Fang Hong-song, Peng Hao, Qiu Bo 2015, 19 (33):  5295-5300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.010 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (2893KB) ( 340 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sodium hyaluronate is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. There is evidence that abnormal expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 show great effects on osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate on expressions of MMPs-1, 3, 9 and tissue inhibitor of TIMPs-1, 2 in the rabbit cartilage after osteoarthritis. METHODS: Twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits were divided into normal control, model, and sodium hyaluronate groups. The model and sodium hyaluronate groups underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection, and rabbits in the sodium hyaluronate group received 0.3 mL of 1% sodium hyaluronate via intra-articular injection at 4 weeks after modeling, once a week for 5 weeks. At 11 weeks following surgery, the rabbits were killed and the cartilage was harvested to extract total RNA. mRNA expressions of MMPs-1, 3, 9 and TIMPs-1, 2 in the cartilage were analyzed using real-time PCR for each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the range and extent of cartilage damage was reduced in the sodium hyaluronate group (P < 0.01), and Mankin scores were noticeably decreased (P < 0.05). In the cartilage, mRNA expressions of MMPs-1, 3, 9 were enhanced and mRNA expressions of TIMPs-1, 2 were down-regulated in the model group. However, the mRNA expression levels of MMPs-1, 3, 9 and TIMPs-1, 2 in the articular cartilage were not obviously changed in the sodium hyaluronate group. These results suggest that MMPs-1, 3, 9 and TIMPs-1, 2 are involved in the progression of osteoarthritis and the therapeutic mechanism of sodium hyaluronate is not realized through the down-regulation of their expressions during development of osteoarthritis. Sodium hyaluronate for treatment of osteoarthritis is a complex process and the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Over-dose fluoride induces the degeneration and ossification of the ligamentum flavum Yi Guang-kun, Liu Li, Li Xian-zhou 2015, 19 (33):  5301-5305.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.011 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (5815KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: The ligamentum flavum is important to connect the rear of the spine. If the flexibility of the ligamentum flavum is decreased due to degeneration, in the role of various factors, it can reduce the effective space of the spinal canal to induce spinal cord and nerve root compression, thereby resulting in neurological symptoms, even paralysis or residual disease. OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of over-dose fluoride on the degeneration and ossification of the ligamentum flavum in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group was given distilled water containing NaF (mass fraction 10-4) and control group was given the same amount of distilled water. After 3 and 6 months, the bone mineral density, Ca2+ and P3+ contents in serum and bone tissue and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were detected, respectively. Meanwhile, the ligamentum flavum specimens were taken for X-ray examination and histopathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, chalk stripes or spots occurred in the lower incisors of five rats at 3 months after treatment and dental fluorosis that was mostly in chalk color was found in all the rats at 6 months after treatment; moreover, the bone density of the lumbar spine significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of serum Ca2+ were significantly higher, while the contents of P3+ were significantly lower in the experimental group at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05); the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). X-ray films, at 6 months after treatment, showed that the bone density of the lumbar vertebra was increased obviously; pathological observation showed that the number of elastic fibers in  the ligamentum flavum was reduced further, a large amount of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and calcium deposition were found, and the ossification of the ligamentum flavum was visible at the lamina attachment site. These findings indicate that the over-dose fluorides can lead to the degeneration and ossification of the ligamentum flavum in Sprague-Dawley rats, which may plan an important role in the ossification of the ligamentum flavum. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Paracrine effect of chondrocytes on gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in osteoblasts Guan Peng, Zhao Wei, Zhang Quan-you, Xie Jing, Yin Li-jun, Zhao Hu-cheng, Xu Jian-wen 2015, 19 (33):  5306-2311.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.012 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (5815KB) ( 750 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell co-culture can maximize the simulation of in vivo microenvironment. Cell scratch test and interleukin-1β can destroy the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs), resulting in extracellular matrix degradation of the articular cartilage, functional disorders of chondrocytes and articular cartilage degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of interleukin-1β on migration, MMP and TIMP expression of chondrocytes co-cultured with osteoblast supernatant in vitro.  METHODS: There were three groups: chondrocyte monoculture group, osteoblast+chondrocyte group (co-culture group), osteoblast+chondrocyte+interleukin-1β group (interleukin-1β group). Cell scratch test was conducted to observe the migration of chondrocytes within 24 hours. Semi-quantitative PCR test was used to detect the changes in expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-9 in chondrocytes within 24 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the monoculture group, cell migration rate of the other two groups were increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with the monoculture group, the gene expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were increased significantly in the coculture group (P < 0. 05); the gene expressions of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 were increased significantly in the interleukin-1β group (P < 0. 01). Compared with monoculture group, the gene expression of TIMP-1 was increased significantly (P < 0. 01), but the gene expressions of TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 were declined significantly (P < 0. 05) in the other two groups. These findings indicate that co-culture of chondrocytes with osteoblasts can promote chondrocytes migration, enhance gene expression of chondrocytes MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and regulate gene expression of TIMPs family. Interleukin-1β inhibits the migration of chondrocytes co-cultured with osteoblasts and gene expression of TIMPs family. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tension effect of water decoction of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx on rabbit aorta in vitro Li Hong-zhuan, Liu Xing-hai, Niu Cai-qin, Zhang Tuan-xiao 2015, 19 (33):  5312-5317.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.013 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (565KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Aconitum carmichaeli Debx (ACD) is the tuberous root of Aconium carmicgaekum, used as cardiotonic to restore yang for the treatment of collapse and shock, to warm the kidney and reinforce yang, and to expel cold and promote the flow of yang-qi. Studies have found that ACD has obviously cardiotonic, antihypertensive, vasodilatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and toxic effects. OBJESTIVE: To observe the vasodilatory effects of a water decoction of ACD on rabbit’s aorta rings and its mechanism. METHODS: Rabbits aorta arteries were isolated, pre-contracted with noradrenaline (10-6 mol/L) and their responses to different concentrations of ACD (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g/L) were investigated. The effects of removal of vascular endothelium and different signaling pathway inhibitors (Nω-nitro-L-arginine: 1×10-4 mol/L, methylene blue: 1×10-5 mol/L, indomethacin: 1×10-5 mol/L, propranolol: 1×10-5 mol/L) on ACD-induced vasodilation were also assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ACD could not change the resting tension of rabbit aortic rings, but ACD treatment resulted in an obvious relaxation in narodrenaline-precontracted aortic rings and the relaxant effect was dose-dependent. The vasodilatory effect of ACD was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium, 1×10-4 mol/L Nω-nitro-L-arginine and 1×10-5 mol/L methylene blue but not reduced by indomethacin and propranolol. In addition, 4 g/L water decoction of ACD did not decrease the dose-response curves of artery rings to narodrenaline or KCl in the absence of endothelial cells. ACD can relax isolated rabbit’s aorta, which may be related to endothelium-released nitric oxide, but has no significant relevance with receptor-operated and voltage-dependent calcium channels. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lumbar disc degeneration is associated with local transforming growth factor beta1 and inflammatory cytokines  Hu Jia-mei, Xu Xin-hua, Le Min-li 2015, 19 (33):  5318-5321.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.014 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (714KB) ( 337 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the research development of disc degeneration at molecular level, transforming growth factor β1 gene has a role in the proliferation and differentiation of intervertebral disc cells, and it is involved in the repair of intervertebral disc injury. But whether transforming growth factor β1 is also involved in pathophysiological process of disc degeneration has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between transforming growth factor β1, inflammatory cytokines and degree of lumbar disc degeneration. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with lumbar disc degeneration (22 mild, 26 moderate and 24 severe cases) were enrolled as observation group, and another 30 patients without lumbar disc degeneration served as control group. Levels of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α were detected and compared among patients with mild, moderate and severe lumbar disc degeneration as well as between the observation and controlgroups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Levels of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.01). In the observation group, the above-mentioned indicators were ranked as follows: severe cases > moderate cases > mild cases (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between these indicators and the severity of lumbar disc degeneration (r=0.198, 0.312, 0.356, 0.275, 0.724, P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the levels of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor α are increased with the severity of lumbar disc degeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Static cold storage versus hypothermic machine perfusion: changes in inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors in isolated liver before and after liver transplantation Zhao De-fang, Chen Li-kun 2015, 19 (33):  5323-5326.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.015 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (4009KB) ( 483 )   Save BACKGROUND: Static cold storage is the main storage method of liver transplantation in the past 40 years. There are success cases in foreign countries about the use of mechanical reperfusion in liver transplantation, but there is no large-scale development in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors in isolated liver between static cold storage and hypothermic machine perfusion before and after liver transplantation. METHODS: There were donor group, static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group in the study, and 30 dogs were in each group. Liver specimens from donor dogs were subjected to static cold storage and then transplanted into dogs in the static cold storage group. Liver specimens from dogs in the static cold storage group were subjected to hypothermic machine perfusion and then transplanted into dogs in the hypothermic machine perfusion group. Liver specimens from dogs in the hypothermic machine perfusion were used in other experiments. Dogs in the donor group were euthanatized. After liver transplantation, 20 dogs from static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group were selected respectively for further study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the liver was separated from the dogs, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis factors had no significant difference in the static cold storage group and hypothermic machine perfusion group (P > 0.05). P53 expression in these two groups had no significant difference before and after transplantation (P > 0.05). Interleukin-1βand interleukin-8 in these two groups had no significant difference before transplantation (P > 0.05). Compared with the static cold storage group, expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, CC chemokine ligand 20 and FASR were significantly lower in the hypothermic machine perfusion group before transplantation (P < 0.01). Compared with the static cold storage, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, CC chemokine ligand 20, FASR and nuclear factor-κB were reduced significantly in the hypothermic machine perfusion group at 60 minutes after transplantation (P < 0.01). Taken together, hypothermic machine perfusion can significantly reduce inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis factor, which is conducive for liver transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of bisphosphonates and cisplatin on MG-63 cell lines cultured in vitro Maimaitiaili Hasimu, Aziguli, Jiang Ren-bing, Bai Jing-ping 2015, 19 (33):  5327-5331.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.016 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (4487KB) ( 540 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bisphosphonates can act on osteosarcoma cells, but the comparative analysis of bisphosphonates and cisplatin, a traditional first-line chemotherapy drug, is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences between bisphosphonates and cisplatin to inhibit in vitro proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induce cell apoptosis.  METHODS: Subcultured MG-63 cell lines were intervened with different concentrations of bisphosphonates and cisplatin, respectively, and cells with no treatment served as negative controls (blank group). Cell inhibition rate was detected using MTT method, and cell morphology was observed using fluorescent staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After intervention with different concentrations of bisphosphonates and cisplatin for different time, the growth inhibition rate of MG-63 cells was significantly higher as compared with the blank group (P < 0.05). But there was no difference in the growth inhibition rate between the bisphosphonates and cisplatin groups at 24, 48 and 72 hours (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that bisphosphonates has obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and its inhibitory effect is similar to that of cisplatin. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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MPC30-DEA70-loaded transforming growth factor beta1 antisense oligonucleotide for transfection of cardiomyocytes  Yang Yu, Zhang Min, Xu Jian-rong, Lin Xue-feng, Zhao Xia, Wang Zhi-rong, Cao Xi-chuan,Zhang Zhuo-qi 2015, 19 (33):  5332-5337.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.017 Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (8719KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN) have a good prospect in gene therapy, but AS-ODN with small molecular weight cannot easily enter into the cells, which is susceptible to nuclease degradation. Therefore, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding about how to improve their transfection efficiency, and target-based transferring. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a weak cationic and phosphorylcholine-containing diblock copolymer (MPC30-DEA70) can act as a carrier system to deliver a chemically synthesized transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) AS-ODN into myocardial cells. METHODS: MPC30-DEA70 was compounded with TGF-β1 AS-ODN at various N/P ratios and the MPC30-DEA70/TGF-β1 AS-ODN complexes were characterized by DNA electrophoresis. MTT assay was used to observe the biocompatibility. Confocal laser scanning microscope was used to observe the distribution and location of MPC30- DEA70/TGF-β1 AS-ODN in cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the transfection efficiency and fluorescence intensity of MPC30-DEA70/TGF-β1 AS-ODN in cells. Western blot and RT-PCR methods were employed to measure the expression of TGF-β1 in cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell growth inhibition showed that the MPC30-DEA70 had low cytotoxicity to myocardial cells within the effective transfection dosage range (< 20 mg/L). Data from the flow cytometry test indicated a clear trend of increasing transfection efficiency with the increasing of N/P ratios. At high N/P ratios, the expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in myocardial cells were significantly lower. This study shows that MPC30-DEA70 can work as an effective transgenic vector in myocardial cells. TGF-β1 AS-ODN can silence the expression of TGF-β1 gene efficiently and specially, and may antagonize TGF-β1-mediated biological function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in keloid  Li Gui-feng, Wang Chun-mei, Zhou Xian, Yan Lun, Xiang Xiao-fei, Xu Wei, Yang Si-fen, Ren Jia-biao 2015, 19 (33):  5338-5343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.018 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (5170KB) ( 488 )   Save BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in the process of a variety of diseases, and plays a very important role in the tumor, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrotic diseases and so on. These biological characteristics are similar to keloids. OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution and number of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in normal skin, hypertrophic scar and keloid. METHODS: We collected 40 clinical pathological scar specimens after surgery, including 20 hypertrophic scars and 20 keloids. Another 10 samples of the normal skin were used as control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to test the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in pathological scars and normal skin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor was positively expressed in the normal skin, hypertrophic scar and keloid, and the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in keloid was significantly higher than that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin (P < 0.01). It means that the abnormal infiltration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor may be associated with the formation of keloid. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electromyographic features of agonists and antagonist muscles of the knee joints during maximal and submaximal isokinetic fatigue Zhang Su, Gao Feng 2015, 19 (33):  5344-5350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.019 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (985KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: The power output of the human joints depends on the activation of agonists and antagonist muscles around the joints, and the antagonist muscle is involved in physical activity in a co-activated manner, thereby helping to maintain joint stability. But there are less reports on the central nervous system strategies of antagonist co-activation under different muscle contraction modes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics and differences of surface electromyography (sEMG) of agonists and antagonist muscles of the knee joints during maximal and submaximal isokinetic exercises until fatigue. METHODS: Sixteen students were enrolled, who developed the right knee joint fatigue induced by the Biodex isokinetic equipment, and simultaneously sEMG activities of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were recorded by the myoelectrical equipment. The RMS (%) and mean frequency were selected to analyze sEMG characteristics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the maximal isokinetic fatigue, the peak torque was decreased by 40.3% (P < 0.05) and the sEMG activity of agonists gradually increased and then declined, but the sEMG activity of antagonists kept constant. In the submaximal isokinetic fatigue, the peak torque was decreased by 40.0% (P < 0.05), the sEMG activity of agonists gradually increased (P < 0.05), and however the sEMG activity of the antagonists initially increased and then decreased. The RMS and mean frequency of vastus medialis and lateralis as antagonists at selected reciprocal contractions showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). These results suggest that in the different intensities of isokinetic fatigue, the central nervous system employs different neural strategies on agonists and antagonists.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical analysis in patients with knee osteoarthritis after Chinese massage combined with functional exercise  Fu Hai-yan, Gao Han-yi, Zhang Xue-ling, Wang Ai-ying 2015, 19 (33):  5351-5355.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.020 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (825KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are less reports on the evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in knee osteoarthritis patients using modern gait analysis, and moreover, the database of characteristic plantar pressure has not been established in patients with osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chinese massage and functional exercise on knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Forty patients with left knee osteoarthritis who were eligible for the inclusive criteria were randomized into two groups, with 20 in each group. Control group was given conventional treatment, and treatment group was given Chinese massage combined with functional exercise. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and gait parameters were measured and compared between two groups before and at 3 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, the two groups both had evident efficacy in pain relief during walking, and there was no statistically difference between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the knee range of motion in the patients in the treatment group when going upstairs and downstairs as well as during joint flexion before and after treatment, but no changes occurred in the control group. After treatment, the range of motion during joint flexion was better in the treatment group than the control group, but there was no difference in the swelling reduction between the two groups. In addition, the treatment group had a higher Japanese Orthopaedic Association score after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the control group. Gait analysis showed that there were improvements in the percentage of contact time, parameters during stance phase and peak plantar pressure in the two groups, but there was no significant difference before and after treatment. Foot axis angle in the treatment group was improved significantly, which was significantly better than that in the control group. All the indexes in the treatment group were improved a lot, but did not reach the normal. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein in the bone tissue engineering Ji Jing-tao, Hu Yong-cheng, Xia Qun, Miao Jun, Chen Xiao-peng, Fang Cheng 2015, 19 (33):  5356-5363.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.021 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (822KB) ( 535 )   Save BACKGROUND: Segmental bone defects resulting from osteoporotic fractures, trauma, congenital bone dysplasia and progressive bone disorder are very common, and bone tissue engineering provides a new approach to bone defect repair. Growth factors related to bone tissue engineering bone have been reported a lot and have achieved some results. How to mimick the natural timing of different growth factors with different bioactivities has become the current hotspot in bone repair. OBJECTIVE: To review the new developments in vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author searched CNKI (1990/2015) and Medline database (1990/2015) for related articles using the key words of “osteogenic factors, angiogenic factors, tissue engineering bone, bone repair, vascularization, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, sequential release, seed cells, cytoskeleton” in Chinese and English, respectively. Mechanism of action and research direction about vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 313 papers were searched initially, and finally 87 papers were enrolled in result analysis. The results show that different growth factors play different roles in bone repair. Vascularization and osteogenesis are the most important processes in bone repair. The osteogenic factors play an important role in maintaining bone structure and bone formation. The angiogenic factors can provide oxygen and nutrients for tissue growth, differentiation and functionalization. The combination of osteogenic and angiogenic factors has a better osteogenic effect than osteogenic or angiogenic factors used alone. However, the most important problem is how to control the exogenous osteogenesis and the release dosage of angiogenic factors in bone repair. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chondrocyte apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress Liu Xiao-hu, Yang Kun, Zhang Ping-ping, Xiang Chuan 2015, 19 (33):  5364-5370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.022 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (964KB) ( 615 )   Save BACKGROUND: Apoptosis of chondrocytes eventually leads to osteoarthritis. New studies find many mechanisms of chondrocyte apoptosis, but the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis is still in the first stage. OBJECTIVE: To review how the endoplasmic reticulum stress causes the chondrocyte apoptosis and to explore a new method of treatment for osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database, CNKI database and Wangfang database between January 2000 and January 2015 was performed to search related articles with the key words of “endoplasmic reticulum stress, chondrocyte, apoptosis” in English or in Chinese, respectively. The word “AND” was used for the connection between the word retrieval. Literatures related to osteoarthritis were selected; the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 62 literatures were primarily selected, and 57 documents were involved in result analysis according to inclusion criteria. PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 play an important role in the chondrocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis mechanisms include two kinds, UPR and Ca2+ start signal, but the specific mechanism and the interactions between apoptosis pathway are unclear. Inhibitory molecules for chondrocyte apoptosis in these signaling pathways as treatment targets for osteoarthritis may provide new methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hip-spine syndrome: pathological base and biomechanics mechanism Wang Qiang, Zhao Wen-jie, Zhang Bin, Dai Min 2015, 19 (33):  5371-5377.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.023 Abstract ( 461 )   PDF (943KB) ( 470 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low back pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis can be relieved to some extent after total hip arthroplasty, indicating the changes in limb line of force have obvious effects on low back pain. OBJECTIVE: To review and analysis the pathological base and biomechanics mechanism of hip-spine syndrome. METHODS: We retrieved PubMed database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for related articles published from January 1976 to March 2015. The key words were “low back pain, hip-spine syndrome, hip osteoarthritis, total hip replacement, biomechanics, balance parameters” in English and Chinese, respectively. Repeated studies and unrelated articles were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 145 articles were retrieved, and finally 62 articles were enrolled in result analysis. In the pathophysiology, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinases play a significant role in the occurrence and development of hip-spine syndrome. As for the biological biomechanics, the spine-pelvic-lower limb balance compensatory process can be the main mechanical mechanism of hip-spine syndrome, and the balance parameters can provide a basis for the diagnosis, treatment and postoperative evaluation of hip-spine syndrome. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration: effects on structure, apoptosis, endplate blood supply and extracellular matrix Du Feng, Yin He-ping 2015, 19 (33):  5378-5382.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.024 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (849KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diabetes as a systemic metabolic disease induces the disorders of carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism, simultaneously easily causes the lesion of surrounding capillaries, and impacts nutrient metabolism of multiple organs including intervertebral discs. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of diabetes effects on disc degeneration all over the world.  METHODS: The first author used the computer to retrieve the information from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The key words were “intervertebral disc, degeneration, diabetes mellitus” in English and Chinese. 8 414 relevant articles were found, which were published from January 1981 to January 2014. Repetitive studies were excluded and 34 articles were in accordance with the inclusion criteria.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pathogenesis of diabetes complications was very complicated. Apoptosis is a hot focus in recent years. Hyperglycemia has been a inducer for apoptosis in intervertebral discs. Diabetes easily leads to systemic small vessel disease, especially vascular bud contraction in the terminal plate of vertebral body, and results in regional blood flow decrease or interruption. Thus, the nutrient substance carrying along the end plate was reduced, which resulted in disc dystrophy and degeneration. The reduction in extracellular matrix in the intervertebral discs is a major reason for disc degeneration. The mechanisms underlying diabetes effects on disc degeneration remain unclear and deserve further investigations. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of ROCK inhibitor in corneal reconstruction: promoting the proliferation, migration and adhesion of keratocytes Zhang Shi-qi, Zhu Yun-fei, Guo Yong-long, Zheng Jia-fu, Chen Jian-su 2015, 19 (33):  5383-5388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.025 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (926KB) ( 586 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the deepen understanding on the biological function of Rho/ROCK pathway, new ROCK inhibitors continue to be discovered, and ROCK inhibitors show good promoting effects on the survival, proliferation and migration of keratocytes. Research on ROCK inhibitors will provide more donor materials or seed cells for regenerative medicine and clinical cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and explore the progress in the treatment and application of corneal disease using the ROCK inhibitors Y-27632 and Y-39983. METHODS: The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved by computer to search the relevant literature published between 2008 to 2015 using the key words of “corneal endothelial cell, corneal epithelial cell,   ROCK inhibitor, Y-39983, Y-27632” in English and Chinese, respectively. Relevant articles in line with the theme were screened and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 264 papers were initially searched. At last, 45 papers were selected. Currently there are two main ROCK inhibitors: Y-27632 and Y-39983, but both of which are still in basic research stage and clinical testing stage. Y-27632 promotes the proliferation and activity of corneal epithelial stem cell after resuscitation; Y-39983 as a novel ROCK inhibitor can be better to inhibit Rho kinases activity than Y-27632, thereby more effectively promoting the healing of the corneal endothelium. There are many studies on the application of ROCK inhibitors in corneal treatment, but not a stable method established to obtain seed cells. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and how to overcome these disadvantages and to find fast and stable access to seed cells is the future direction of development. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding on the anatomy of the pelvic fascia and nerve structure: avoiding intraoperative nerve damage Zhou Le-qun, Li Wen-rui, Zhang Wei-guang 2015, 19 (33):  5389-5394.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.026 Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (984KB) ( 362 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pelvic nerves innervate the pelvic viscera as well as bring sensory information to the central nerve system, including splanchnic nerves and spinal nerves. Each of them comprises both motor fibers and sensitive fibers. Mostly, the key part of splanchnic plexus is pelvic plexus. Total mesorectal excision proposed by Heald in 1982 has been the “gold standard” for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, it carries a high risk of nerve damage during surgery, which results in urinary retention, sexual dysfunction and other complications. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the former researches so as to get a precise understanding of the pelvic fascia and nerve structure. METHODS: Using “splanchnic nerves, superior hypogastric plexus, pelvic plexus, pelvic splanchnic nerve, total mesorectal excision (TME), clinical anatomy” as key words, a computer-based search of PubMed was done for articles related to the pelvic nerves, including its pathway, consistent, ganglia, and reflection in pelvic viscera, published from 2000 to 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main splanchnic plexus in the pelvic cavity includes superior hypogastric plexus (it is located in the triangle formed by left and right common iliac artery and the sacral promontory), and pelvic plexus (hypogastric nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerve and sacral splanchnic nerve converge at the bottom of rectum, formed pelvic plexus, also known as the inferior hypogastric plexus). It is flattened against the lateral aspect of the rectum, the dorso-lateral bladder wall and the seminal vesicles. Nerves come from the plexus contain the sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve and sensory nerve. They are in charge of the motions and sensations of the pelvic organs. The definite knowledge on the anatomy of pelvic fascia and nerve structures can avoid nerve damage during operation, which can help to improve the life quality of patients. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of collagen type I alpha1 Sp1 polymorphism with bone mineral density and fracture: a Meta-analysis of case-control studies   Zong Qiang, Li Li-jun, Jiang Zhu-yan, Shi Yu-bo, Ni Dong-kui 2015, 19 (33):  5395-5401.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.027 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are large numbers of studies related to the association between collagen type I alpha1 (COL1A1) Sp1 polymorphism and bone mineral density and fracture risk, but the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism on bone mineral density and fracture by using the Meta-analysis. METHODS: We comprehensively searched the eligible studies for the present meta-analysis through MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE databases. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of Sp1 polymorphisms for bone mineral density and fracture risk were obtained, with attention to study quality and publication bias. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria, among which, 22 studies evaluated the Sp1 polymorphism and fracture risk. Significant associations were found in five genetic models. In the stratified analysis by region, the same results were found in the Europeans but not Americans and Asians. Thirteen studies evaluated the Sp1 polymorphism and low bone mineral density risk. A similar result was obtained. However, the analysis of bone mineral density data showed an increased relation between Sp1 polymorphism and low bone mineral density in Europeans and Americans but not in Asians. Overall, the current meta-analysis concludes that the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism is associated with low bone mineral density and fracture risk, especially in Europeans. However, susceptibility to them varies markedly among populations from different regions. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of radial head subluxation: A Meta-analysis Feng Fan, Deng Zhou-ming, Ran Bing, Xie Yuan-long, Ruan Wen-feng, Cai Lin 2015, 19 (33):  5402-5407.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.028 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (897KB) ( 595 )   Save BACKGROUND: Supination maneuver is mainly used for reduction of radial head subluxation in children, but recently, pronation maneuver has also achieved good results in the treatment of radial head subluxation. OBJECTIVE: To objectively evaluate the efficacy of pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of radial head subluxation by using Meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMbase, the ISI Web of Knowledge databases, VIP, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang were searched from database establishment to December 2014 for collecting the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of radial head subluxation, and the references of those RCTs were also searched by hand. After study selection, assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Five studies involving 436 patients were included. The results of Meta-analyses showed that: compared with the supination maneuvers group the pronation maneuvers group had a higher rate of successful reduction at the first attempt [RR=1.17, 95%CI (1.08, 1.28), P=0.000 3] and lower rate of failed reduction [RR=0.25, 95%CI (0.09, 0.65), P=0.005]. There was no significant difference in the rate of successful reduction at the second attempt [RR=1.39, 95%CI (0.75, 2.58), P=0.30]. Based on the results of systemic assessment, the level of evidence assessed by the GRADE system showed that the outcome indicators of the rate of successful reduction at the first attempt and rate of failed reduction were graded as intermediate level; the outcome indicator of the rate of successful reduction at the second attempt was graded as low level. For the poor quality of the original studies, a prudent choice is suggested; and more highly-quality, large-sample studies are needed. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha gene and risk of osteoarthritis: a Meta-analysis Xu Bo-yong, Fu Ying-xu, Asihaerjiang Maimaitiyiming, Cao Li, Guo Wen-tao 2015, 19 (33):  5408-5412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.029 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (716KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are a lot of reports about the association between estrogen receptor α polymorphism and osteoarthritis susceptibility, but the results are still some controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the estrogen receptor α gene PvuII, XbaI site polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of osteoarthritis． METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, web of science, Wanfang, CNKI, Weipu and China Biology Medicine Disc was performed for the published case-control studies addressing the association between estrogen receptor α gene PvuII, XbaI site polymorphism and osteoarthritis susceptibility. Odds radio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were used to analyze the correlation between estrogen receptor α gene PvuII, XbaI site polymorphism and osteoarthritis. Fixed or random effect models were selected for pooled OR calculation. Publication bias was assessed. All statistical analysis was constructed with Revman5.1 software． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nine case-control studies including 3 228 cases of osteoarthritis and 6 327 healthy controls were included. Overall, the pooled OR values of PvuII loci alleles and genotypes (C vs. T; CT vs. TT; CC vs. TT; CT+CC vs. TT; CC vs. CT+TT) were less than 1; the pooled OR values of Asian which grouped by region were greater than 1 (except CT vs. TT); the pooled OR values of Europe and the Americas were less than  1. The pooled OR values of XbaI loci alleles and genotypes (G vs. A; GA vs. AA; GG vs. AA; GA+GG vs. AA; GG vs. GA+AA) were less than 1; the pooled OR values of Asian which grouped by region were less than 1; the pooled OR value of Europe and the Americas were less than 1 (except GG vs. GA+AA). Estrogen receptor α gene PvuII, XbaI site polymorphism is not associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility. However, the susceptibility of PvuII loci in the Asian is a little higher compared with that of the Europeans and American population. On the contrary, the susceptibility of XbaI loci in the recessive genetic model of Europeans and American population is a little higher compared with that of the Asian, suggesting a possible role of ethnic differences in genetic backgrounds. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics