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08 July 2012, Volume 16 Issue 28 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Influence of platelet-derived growth factor A gene transfection on osteoblasts growth Zhu Jian-hua, Mao Ling, Sun Jian, Liu Ji-guang 2012, 16 (28):  5131-5135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.001 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (416KB) ( 368 )   Save BACKGROUND: Today’s hot issue in the tissue engineering is to strengthen or reconstruct the function of seeding cells by gene transfection technology. But osteoblasts transfected by platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) for periodontal tissue regeneration is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of PDGF-A gene transfection on osteoblasts growth. METHODS: The eukaryotic expression plasmid of PDGF-A was constructed. 3T3 cells were isolated and transfected with various methods. The gene expression of PDGF-A in osteoblasts was detected by reverse transcription-PCR method, and cells proliferation activity was detected with MTT method, as well as the migration of cells was observed by the experiment of cells scratch test in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of reverse transcription-PCR showed that the expression of osteoblasts transfected by eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying PDGF-A was significantly increased, and growth rate and migration speed was accelerated obviously (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the limposome mediator PDGF-A gene can transfect osteoblasts successfully to promote the growth, proliferation and migration of osteoblasts, laying a foundation for PDGF-A gene treatment in periodontal tissue regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Xianzhengubao on bone loss in prednisone-treated rats Xu Bi-lian, Chen Guang-bin, Chen Wen-shuang, Zhang Xin-le, Wu Tie, Cui Liao 2012, 16 (28):  5136-5140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.002 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (513KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: Xianzhengubao capsule made from Cnidium, Epimedium and others has a certain protective role in glucocorticoid and retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Xianzhengubao on different bones in prednisone-treated rats by bone histomorphometry and bone biomechanics methods. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, prednisone, high- and low-dose Xianzhengubao groups. Rats in the latter groups were given prednisone at 3.5 mg/kg•d first to establish osteoporosis models. High- and low-dose Xianzhengubao groups were administrated with Xianzhengubao capsule at 0.95 g/kg•d and 0.475 g/kg•d, respectively, after prednisone treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, bone mineral density and biomechanical properties (elastic load, maximum load, break load) of the femur were significantly decreased in the prednisone group. Percent labeled perimeter, bone formation rate per bone surface and per unit of bone volume of the proximal tibial metaphysis were decreased in the prednisone group, but there was no significant difference both in static parameters of proximal tibial metaphysis and in tibial shaft. Compared with the prednisone group, bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of the femur, percent labeled perimeter and bone formation rate per bone surfaceof the proximal tibial metaphysis were increased, but there was no significant change in tibial shaft in the high-dose Xianzhengubao group. Compared with the prednisone group, there was no significant change in the low-dose Xianzhengubao group. The results demonstrates the Xianzhengubao can promote bone formation and prevent the decrease of bone mineral density and biomechanical properties of the femur in prednisone-treated rats, but has no effect on the cortical bone of the tibial shaft. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of puerarin on osteoclastic bone resorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro: The optimal concentration of puerarin Liu Hao, Li Bin-bin 2012, 16 (28):  5141-5144.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.003 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (388KB) ( 502 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have focused on the effect of puerarin on the bone formation. However, the inhibitory effect of puerarin on osteoclastic bone resorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of puerarin on osteoclastic bone resorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow cells were isolated from 3-week-old mice and added to 24-well plates. The cells in the experiment groups were cultured in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3+10%+alpha-modified minimum Eagles medium+various concentrations of puerarin (10, 50 and 100 μg/L). The control group was not treated with puerarin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoclast-like cells were formed and were not significantly different among the four groups. As to the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the supernatant liquid, there were no significant differences among the four groups (P > 0.05), but the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the 100 μg/L puerarin group was significantly higher than that of 0 and 50 μg/L puerarin on day 3 (both P < 0.01). The concentration of Ca2+ in the 10 μg/L puerarin group was significantly lower than that in the control group on days 3, 5 and 12 (P < 0.05-0.01), the same as the 50 μg/L puerarin group on day 12 (P < 0.01). Compared with the 10 μg/L puerarin group, the concentration of Ca2+ in the 100 μg/L puerarin group was significantly higher for up to day 12 (P < 0.05). The results demonstrat that the best dose of puerarin which has the inhibitory effect on osteoclastic bone resorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro is between 10-50 μg/L. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of intraosseous circulation system damage on the metabolism of adjacent articular cartilage Liu Jiong, An Hong, Zhao Bin, Li Qing-song, Chen Yi-xin 2012, 16 (28):  5145-5148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.28. 004 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (413KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: The implantation of internal fixators into the medullary cavity is a common method for femoral shaft fractures. However, intraosseous circulation system damage can be usually found in this therapeutic process. Pathological changes of adjacent articular cartilage can be found in some patients after treatment, which may be due to the abnormal cartilage metabolism caused by mechanical factors in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intraosseous circulation system damage on the metabolism of adjacent articular cartilage. METHODS: Totally 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model group, control group and blank group. A rabbit model of circulation system damage was established by injection of bone cement into the medullary cavity of rabbits in the model group. In the control group, the medullary cavity of rabbits was exposed, and then the incision was sutured. In the blank group, the bone marrow cavity was not exposed, but the incision progress was the same as the other two groups. After 4 weeks, all rabbits were killed, and articular cartilage tissues from the femoral knee were extracted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the model group, ulcer and erosion occurred on the surface of cartilage tissues, and the number of chondrocytes was decreased. Besides, disorganized arrangement and vacuolar degeneration were found. In addition, the arrangement of collagen fibers was disorganized and ruptured. In the control and blank groups, the surface of articular cartilage tissues was smooth, and cells and collagen tissues arranged in order. Reverse transcription-PCR detection indicated that mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 in the articular cartilage tissues of the model group was lower than that of the control and blank groups. However, there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 between the control and blank groups. These results suggest that intraosseous circulation system damage can regulate the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 and influence the metabolism of articular cartilage tissues and collagens. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of diazoxide pretreatment on the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, and FKN in rat myocardium microvascular endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation Zhang Yong-hua, Chen Qiu-ping, Cao Su, Shen Shi-ren 2012, 16 (28):  5149-5153.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.005 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (469KB) ( 466 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the early stage of hypoxia-reoxygenation, the measures of promoting proliferation myocardium microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs) involve a series of related genetic changes, which are regulated by multiple genes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of diazoxide pretreatment on the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and FKN as well as proliferation of rat MMECs exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. METHODS: The SD rat MMECs were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxia-reoxygenation group, diazoxide pretreatment group and diazoxide pretreatment+5-hydroxydecanoate group. Cell vitality, morphology, apoptotic rate and mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and FKN were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, the cell proliferation rate was significantly decreased and the mRNA expression of FKN and Akt was up-regulated in the hypoxia-reoxygenation group (P < 0.01). Compared with the hypoxia-reoxygenation group, the cell proliferation rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt was up-regulated obviously, while FKN mRNA expression was significantly decreased in diazoxide pretreatment group (P < 0.01). Diazoxide pretreatment+5-hydroxydecanoate group called off diazoxide pretreatment-induced changes, and did not differ from the hypoxia-reoxygenation group. These findings suggest that diazoxide pretreatment can promote cell proliferation and up-regulate the mRNA expression of PI3K and Akt as well as decrease FKN mRNA expression protect rat MMECs from hypoxia-reoxygenation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination of vitamin D3 and animal oil induces calcified vascular injury in mice Xie Ai-mei, Situ Yong-li, Wu Tie 2012, 16 (28):  5154-5159.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.006 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (798KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular injury models of mice are hardly to have two pathological changes of calcification and injury, simultaneously and extensively, especially in the aorta with non-surgical treatments. OBJECTIVE: To use large-dose vitamin D3 and animal oil to induce calcified vascular injury in mice. METHODS: The model mice were fed with 3×105 U/ (kg • d) vitamin D3 for 4 days prior to 5 mL/(kg • d) animal oil feeding from day 5 to day 42. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The contents of serum lipids, calcium and phosphorus in the model group mice had no significant changes (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the calcium and phosphorus contents in the abdominal aorta were significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed the pathological changes of the thoracic aorta, such as obvious calcification plaques, which appeared on the vessel walls and might rupture and result in defects, then the neointimal forming. Besides, eastic fibers presented with lower ductility and breakage. Apoptosis was induced greatly in media vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibrous plaques were locally present due to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. The calcified vascular injury model in mice can be established by a combination of vitamin D3 and animal oil. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of prostaglandin E2 on the migration of posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells Chen Rong-fu, Wang Chun-li, Xie Jing, Huang Wei, Liang Xi, KL Pau Sung, Fu Chun-feng, Chen Cheng 2012, 16 (28):  5160-5164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.007 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (586KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cells migration is one of the important steps in the process of wound repair. But the effects of prostaglandin E2 on the migration of posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of prostaglandin E2 on the migration of posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells under mono-culture and Transwell co-culture in vitro. METHODS: Posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells were mono-cultured and co-cultured by Transwell. Then the mono-cultured cells or co-cultured cells were treated by 10 μg/L prostaglandin E2. Cell growth status was observed and compared. Cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay at 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The migration rates of posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells under co-culture were increased by 128% and 48% compared with the mono-cultured cells. Prostaglandin E2 decreased the migration rates of the mono-cultured posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells by 28% and 14% compared with the mono-culture control, and also decreased the migration rates of the co-cultured cells by 37% and 24% compared with the co-culture group. These results indicate that prostaglandin E2 inhibited the migration of both posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts and synovial cells, especially stronger in co-cultured posterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Low level laser for repair of collagen in the tendon of rats with enthesiopathy Shen Yong-wei, Shi Xiao-wei 2012, 16 (28):  5165-5169.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.008 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (444KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has the specific stimulation effect on organism (photobiomodulation). In general case, it can produce some biological effects without temperature increase. OBJECTIVE: To observed the effect of low level laser on contents of hydroxyproline and gene expression of collagenⅠin the tendon of rats with enthesiopathy. METHODS: Ninety-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was without ant treatment. Rats in the model group were stimulated to the feet with electrostimulating jumping method to build the model of enthesiopathy. Rats in the LLLT group were treated with LLLT to the tendon after model building. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the contents of hydroxyproline and gene expression of collagenⅠ in the tendon of rats with enthesiopathy were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). After LLLT, low level laser could increase the contents of hydroxyproline and gene expression of collagen I in the tendon of rats with enthesiopathy, and this started from 7 days and was obviously increased at 14 days. It is indicated that low level laser can improve the contents of hydroxyproline and the metabolism of collagenⅠin the tendon of rats with enthesiopathy, and can promote the healing of tendon in early stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aggregate analysis of open field data in depression model rats Su Yun-xiang, Wei Sheng, Tan Qian, Liu Xin, Du Xi-yang1, 2012, 16 (28):  5170-5174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.28. 009 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (481KB) ( 630 )   Save BACKGROUND: Repeated measurements of open field data and proper data aggregation based on additivity can significantly improve the stability and consistency of the open field test in normal rats. Is this method applicable to model rats? OBJECTIVE: To explore the best aggregate measurement of ambulation score in the open-field test of the depression model rats. METHODS: Depression models in rats were constructed using chronic mild stimulation method. The open-field behavior indicators were collected every two weeks during the model construction course of 4 weeks. Pairwise aggregation analysis (continuous aggregation, interval aggregation, judgmental aggregation) was used. Effects of different aggregation methods on reliability and correlation of model preparation were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Consistency coefficient Kappa showed that good reliability and correlation were obtained using interval aggregation and judgmental aggregation (Kappa=0.611, P < 0.05). The reliability gained using continuous aggregation was passable (Kappa=0.222). Intraclass correlation coefficient ICC showed that an excellent reliability was gained using judgmental aggregation (ICC=0.835, P < 0.01); the reliability gained using interval aggregation was good (ICC=0.792, P < 0.05)，and the reliability gained using continuous aggregation was poor (ICC=0.196). It indicates that a proper judgment aggregation can significantly improve the reliability and correlation of the open-field data in depression model rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a digital pelvic anatomy model and analysis of the blood supply of ovarian tumor by three-dimensional visualization system Li Xiang-yuan1, He Yuan-li, Fang Chi-hua, Wang Xue-feng, Peng Dong-xian, Zhu Hong-lei, Wang Xian-long 2012, 16 (28):  5175-5180.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.010 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (583KB) ( 444 )   Save BACKGROUND: Imaging performance of ovarian tumor has diversity and variability. Therefore, accurate qualitative diagnosises cannot be obtained from the current imaging methods. OBJECTIVE: To perform the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pelvis in patients with different types of ovarian tumor so as to obtain digital anatomical models and then to explore its value in surgical selection using medical image three-dimensional visualization system of the abdomen. METHODS: Pelvic CT data of 65 hospitalized patients with ovarian tumor were collected and classified into benign tumor group (30 cases), malignant tumor group (25 cases) and borderline tumor group (10 cases) according to pathological results after treatment. The data obtained from 64-slice helical CT angiography were used for the three-dimensional reconstruction using the medical image three-dimensional visualization system to harvest three-dimensional virtual models of ovarian tumor. According to the vascular distribution, walking and branch in tumor, tumor blood flow was divided into type Ⅰ, type II and type Ⅲ. ①The tumor vessels of type Ⅰ were curved or short bar-shaped around the tumors, which could not be seen within the tumors. ②The tumor vessels of type Ⅱ were sparse in tumors besides around the tumors, and vascular branch was simple and straight. ③The tumor vessels of type Ⅲ were abundant or vascular network could be seen within the tumor. Besides, the vessels were tortuous, irregular and showed complex branches, and these also could be found around the tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By analyzing the relationship between tumor blood supply and ovarian tumor properties, we found that there was a correlation between the distribution of vascular type in each group and ovarian tumor properties (x2=43.93, υ=2, P < 0.01). The tumor vessels of typeⅠwere mainly found in the benign tumor group, and the tumor vessels of type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ were almost found in the malignant tumor group. In addition, eight cases in the borderline tumor group showed the tumor vessels of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. These results suggest that the digital pelvic anatomy model of patients with ovarian tumor was successfully established, and there were differences in vessel types among benign, malignant and borderline tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of yohimbine, naloxone and their combination on analepsia from ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice Chen Lin, Zhang Cai-li, Ju Yan-min, Zhou Zhen-lei 2012, 16 (28):  5181-5184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.011 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (439KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: Yohimbine and naloxone are widely used as narcotic antagonists in clinic, especially against ketamine-induced anesthesia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analeptic effects of yohimbine, naloxone and their combination on ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice. METHODS: Forty Kunming mice were randomly assigned to four groups, and all mice were intraperitoneally administered with ketamine. One minute after loss of righting reflex, different groups were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, yohimbine, naloxone, yohimbine+naloxone, respectively. The duration of loss righting reflex (sleeping time) was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal saline group, the sleeping time in the yohimbine, naloxone and yohimbine+naloxone groups was obviously decreased. In addition, significant difference was also observed between the single treated and combined groups. Yohimbine, naloxone and their combination can efficaciously play an antagonistic role in the narcotism of ketamine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of an animal model for stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer in guinea pigs Zheng Min, Gan Xiu-ni, Hu Ya-li 2012, 16 (28):  5185-5190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.012 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (767KB) ( 312 )   Save BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of pressure ulcers is a complex pathological process caused by a variety of reasons, coupled by the ethical and legal constraints. The relevant experiments cannot be directly done in the human body. OBJECTIVE: To construct an animal model for stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer in guinea pigs, which can provide evidence for studies on prevention, diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of pressure ulcer. METHODS: According to the ischemia-reperfusion principle, stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer was induced on the left trochanter of guinea pigs by exerting different pressures (6.65, 13.3, 19.95, 26.60, 33.25, 39.90 kPa). The model was evaluated based on general, pathohistological and behavioral observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Wound color and morphological features were similar among different groups, but appearing time was inversely proportional to the pressure size. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed different degrees of histopathological injuries (6.65 kPa < 13.30, 19.95 kPa < 33.25, 39.90 kPa). When the pressure was 13.30 kPa, the pathohistological presence of the animal models was most similar to that of stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer in the human body. Compared with the control group, the experimental groups had a significant difference in food intake, water intake and body mass changes from the control group (P < 0.01). With the increase in the pressure applied, the appearance, mental status, gait and temperament of guinea pigs became abnormal gradually. Stage Ⅲ pressure ulcer model can be prepared under the pressure of 13.30 kPa on the left trochanter by the ischemia-reperfusion method, four cycles a day, 12 cycles in a row (3 days) followed by 5 days without treatment. This model can be used for long-term observation of the pressure ulcer study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of brain peptide in rat models of liver fibrosis Xi Wen-na1, Sun Shui-lin, Li Fang-chun, Yao Xue-bing, Zhang Wei, Yi Zhen, Ye Chang-gen, Liu Cui-yun 2012, 16 (28):  5191-5195.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.013 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (561KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Brain peptide is a kind of peptide mixture extracted from animal brain tissues, containing nerve growth factors. In recent years, studies have shown that nerve growth factors are closely related to liver injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of brain peptide on liver fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in SD rats, and then rat models were randomly divided into fibrosis model group, brain peptide intervention group and control group. The samples were collected at 4 and 8 weeks. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin. Radioimmunoassay detection of liver fibrosis markers, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen III, was performed. Liver tissue samples were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and reticular fiber staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rat liver fibrosis model was successfully established. Liver fibrosis was relieved significantly in the brain peptide intervention group than the fibrosis model group, but the extent of hepatic inflammation and fatty degeneration significantly increased. Brain peptide can effectually prevent CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, and the mechanism of preventing liver fibrosis may be related with nerve growth factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Y clearing agent, a substitute of xlylene, in pathological section preparation Sun Shuai, Lai Xun 2012, 16 (28):  5196-5199.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.014 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (725KB) ( 447 )   Save BACKGROUND: Finding clearing agents replacing xylene is the only way to avoid xylene poisoning. Turpentine, TO clearing, Hisboelear and Solvent CNP30 are used as clearing agents, but they can not completely replace xylene for their poor volatility and melting wax capacity, strong pungent smell, limited resource, expensive price, high acid value and poor antioxidant capacity. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of Y clearing as the clearing agent for paraffin section of pathological tissues. METHODS: The tissues of the intestine, testicle, lung and kidney from rats as well as the liver, omentum, spleen, lung, kidney, skin, tissues from uterine curettage, placenta, or thrombus from human being were sampled. These samples were treated with many procedures, including fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding, section, dewaxing and patching. And then, tissue sections were prepared by Y clearing agent and xylene, respectively. RESULTS AND CONLUSION: The tissue sections prepared by Y clearing agent were superior to those prepared by xylene. There was no significant difference in staining effects between hematoxylin-eosin staining and special staining. These findings suggest that the new-type non-toxic Y clearing agent can completely replace xylene for pathological section. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of correlation coefficient analysis in rolling cell data screening An Li-li, Li Qu-huan, Fang Ying 2012, 16 (28):  5200-5205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.015 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1263KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: The traditional method of screening the flow chamber experimental data is to pick up each objective cell manually, which is cumbersome, time-consuming and subjective. OBJECTIVE: To develop an efficient data screening method based on correlation coefficient analysis, which is applied to screen the cell rolling adhesion data from flow chamber experiments. METHODS: E-selectin/ligand-mediated HL-60 cells rolling was chosen to be a model and correlation coefficient analysis was used to screen the stable rolling cells from parallel-plate flow chamber experiments. Then the instantaneous velocities and displacements of stable rolling cells were measured by software to calculate the average rolling velocities of these cells, which are compared with the data screened by the traditional manual method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rolling velocities of stable rolling cells screened by correlation coefficient method were consistent with those screened by the traditional manual method. When shear stress was in the range of 0.01-0.07 Pa, the relationship between the average velocities of stable rolling cells and the shear stress displayed a two-stage curve, in which the average velocities first decreased and then increased with the monotonically increasing of shear stress. Therefore, the comparisons showed the biophysical phenomenon observed in experiments and indicated that the correlation coefficient method was feasible to screen the stable rolling cells of parallel plate flow chamber experiments. Correlation coefficient screen method can be applied to parallel flow chamber experimental data and take the place of the traditional manual screen method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Proteomics research on the joint synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis Chen Jiang, Xiong Xin-gui, Liang Qing-hua, Yang Bo, Wu Dan 2012, 16 (28):  5206-5211.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.016 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (511KB) ( 425 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that it can result in joint cartilages and bones breaking due to the sustained attack of synovitis. But reports about proteomics research on the joint synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in China are few. OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible underlying mechanism of RA and to seek out RA associated proteins by comparing protein expression difference between the synovium of patients with surgical trauma and patients with RA. METHODS: The synovial tissues of six patients with surgical trauma and six patients with RA were obtained by arthroscopic surgery and they were divided into RA group and control group. The total proteins were extracted from synovial tissue and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), which was followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining to visualize the protein spots in the 2-DE. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by using PDQUEST analysis software, and then identified by peptide mass fingerprint based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and homogonously compared and identified in Swiss Prot and NCBInr databases with Mascot software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 2-DE patterns of RA group and control group were established. Proteins were separated by the 2-DE, and 130 proteins were found differentially expressed over two folds between synovium of surgical trauma and RA patients. Thirty-nine clear proteins of them were selected and analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS and 29 proteins were identified. Among the identified differential expression proteins, 21 proteins were up-regulated and eight were down-regulated, involved in substance metabolism, signaling pathway, anti-oxidation protection and molecule chaperone. These findings suggest that synovium lesions of RA are a complex process in which multiple proteins are involved, and some differentially expressed proteins may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of RA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Resistance of recombinant X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein to H2O2-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells Zhang Xian, Huang Yu, Zeng Xing 2012, 16 (28):  5212-5215.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.017 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (405KB) ( 435 )   Save BACKGROUND: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays an important role in cell apoptosis, and it is a potential therapeutic target in apoptosis-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector pXIAP-GFP expressing recombinant rat XIAP, and to investigate its resistance and potential mechanism to H2O2-induced apoptosis. METHODS: XIAP ORF was amplified from IEC-6 mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR, pXIAP-GFP was constructed by inserting XIAP ORF into pCMV6-AC-GFP plasmid and verified by DNA sequencing. After transfection with pXIAP-GFP or pCMV6-AC-GFP, IEC-6 cells were stimulated by H2O2. Cell survival was analyzed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Expressions of XIAP, GFP, and Caspase-3 were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: DNA sequencing data verified pXIAP-GFP contained complete and accurate rat XIAP gene sequence, and western blot data verified pXIAP-GFP could express XIAP correctly. These results indicated pXIAP-GFP was constructed successfully. After transfection and H2O2 stimulation, compared with pCMV6-AC-GFP control group, absorbance value in pXIAP-GFP group increased, while expression of Caspase-3 protein decreased. These findings indicate recombinant XIAP increases resistance to H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Caspase-3 activation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of small molecular-weight hyaluronan on up-regulating expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in astrocytes Hu Xing, Wang Jun, Wei Feng, Liu Zhong-jun, Jiang Liang, Liu Xiao-guang 2012, 16 (28):  5216-5221.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.28. 018 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (521KB) ( 415 )   Save BACKGROUND: Foreign studies have shown that hyaluronan can contribute to the improvement of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats, but its mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hyaluronan on expression of neurotrophic factors in astrocytes. METHODS: Cultured astrocytes were obtained from the brain of SD rats under sterile conditions. Passage 3 cells were identified by immunochemistry method. Passage 4 cells were treated with hyaluronan (Mr:125 000-175 000) for 24 hours, and control group was set. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of immunofluoresence showed that the positive rate of primary astrocytes was nearly 100%. The results of Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR showed that expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly increased in 100 mg/L and 1 000 mg/L groups compared with the control, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L groups (P < 0.05). Double-labeling immunofluoresence also showed that, under the effect of 1 000 mg/L hyaluronan, the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in astrocytes were strongly increased compared with the control group. It is confirmed that small molecular-weight hyaluronan can induce astrocytes to up-regulate expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hyperuricemia on the expression of Ki-67 in rat aortic and urate anion exchanger smooth muscle cells Song Fei, Wang Xin-mei, Zhao Wen-juan 2012, 16 (28):  5222-5226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.019 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (499KB) ( 425 )   Save BACKGROUND: Urate anion exchanger (URAT1) plays an important role in adjusting steady-state of urate in the whole body, and ki-67 is an important cell multiplication marker. What is their effect on the aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of hyperuricemia rats? OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hyperuricemia on the expression of Ki-67 in ASMCs and URAT1. METHODS: Twenty 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). Rats in the experimental group were fed with high yeast and gavaged with amidopurine fluid. However, rats in the control group were fed with general diet and gavaged with the same dose of distilled water. When the level of blood uric acid started to show the difference, all the rats were fed for another 5 weeks and then were sacrificed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the structure of aortic smooth muscle and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 in ASMCs and URAT1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia that persisted for 5 weeks had no obvious effect on the expression of Ki-67 and in ASMCs and URAT1 in 16-week-old male Wistar rats, or did not result in atherosclerosis. As an influential factor of atherosclerosis, hyperuricemia needs more time to result in atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved effect of acupuncture on insulin expression of islet beta cells in type 2 diabetes rats Sun Zhi, Ma Li, Han Hai-rong, Zhang Zuo-ji, Kong Ling-bin 2012, 16 (28):  5227-5231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.020 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (503KB) ( 450 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acupuncture for type 2 diabetes has obtained good clinical effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on insulin expression of islet beta cells in type 2 diabetes rats. METHODS: The diabetes model rats were randomly divided into acupuncture, rosiglitazone, model and normal control groups. Acupoints of Zusanli, Neiting and Yishu were selected in the acupuncture group for needling. Rosiglitazone (0.2 mg/kg) were given intragastrically in the rosiglitazone group. Double distilled water (2 mL/kg) was given intragastrically in the model group once daily for 4 consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ① Blood glucose level of the acupuncture group was significantly lower than that of the model and rosiglitazone groups (P < 0.05). ② Blood lipid: Cholesterol and triglyceride of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P < 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01). The above three indicators between the acupuncture and rosiglitazone groups had no significant difference. ③ The insulin expression of islet beta cells in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the model and rosiglitazone groups (P < 0.05). ④ Morphology of islet: Islet structure was incomplete and damaged, and the staining of insulin was poor in the model and rosiglitazone groups. Islet structure tended to be complete, and staining of insulin was visible in the acupuncture group. It is indicated that acupuncture can significantly increase the insulin expression and improve the function of islet beta cells in type 2 diabetes rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of fluoride on the expression of core binding factor alpha 1 in fibroblasts and dose-effect relationship between fluoride and proliferation activity of fibroblasts Liu Xiao-li, Li Chang-cheng, Liu Ke-jian, Cui Cai-yan, Zhang Yu-zeng, Liu Yun, Huang An-bin, Yu Da-lin 2012, 16 (28):  5232-5236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.021 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (506KB) ( 323 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fluoride may play an important role in extraperiosteal ossification of severe disabled skeletal fluorosis through inducing osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. Core binding factor alpha 1 (Cbfα1), as a specific transcription factor of osteoblasts, is a necessary condition for osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in Cbfα1 expression and proliferation activity of fibroblasts when skin fibroblasts from infant rats cultured in vitro were exposed to fluoride at different concentrations and different time. METHODS: Supernatant of control group and seven fluoride exposed groups (0.000 1, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mg/L) were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after fluoride, and the Cbfα1 was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, for studying the effect of fluoride on proliferation activity of fibroblast, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide method was employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Cbfα1 of fibroblast was quantitatively increased by fluoride, and played an important part in the developing of extraperiosteal ossification of skeletal fluorosis. The effect of fluoride on proliferation activity of fibroblast presented in a dose-time-effect dependent manner. Shorter time and lower dose of fluoride could enhance this activity; however, as the dose increasing and time expanding, this activity was significantly decreased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement and analysis of distribution characteristics of foot pole pressure in old men Xu Xiao-feng, Li Shi-sen, Di Jian-yong 2012, 16 (28):  5237-5240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.022 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (349KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Risk factors for fall injury in the elderly include muscle weakness, gait, balance ability, and visual and cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To learn the characteristics of foot pole pressure in the elderly with nature gait. METHODS: Flat panel type Footscan foot pole pressure test system (Belgium) was used to study the difference between old men (n=30) and young men (n=30) during natural walking. The data were contrasted and analyzed to learn the characteristics of foot pole pressure in the elderly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The peak torque of foot and load rate in the old men were lower than those in the young men (P < 0.05). In comparison of impulse in the left foot, the disparity appeared in seven districts (P < 0.05), including toe 1, toes 2-5, meta 1, meta 2, meta 3, heel medial and heel lateral. In the right foot, there were significant differences in impulse in all 10 districts (P < 0.05). The results showed that the characteristics of foot pole pressure in the elderly significantly differ from those in the young, and these differences may be the important factors to increase the fall risk in the elderly. Related Articles | Metrics

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p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase effects on the proliferation of cyclic stretch-mediated periodontal ligament fibroblasts Cao Hai-meng, Zhang Guang-yun, Yuan Xiao, Yin Chong-ying 2012, 16 (28):  5241-5245.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.023 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (461KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vivo study of cellular mechanics obtains poor results due to complexity of physiological environment and uncontrollable experiment conditions. OBJECTIVE: To study the cyclic stretch effects on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts proliferation and its mechanism as well as whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway participated in cell proliferation. METHODS: In vitro culture-tensile stimulate models of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were established by using a multi-passage load adding system. Control group was established without cyclic stretch. At the same time, cyclic stretch was applied on the fibroblasts for 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Cells in the control group and 12-hour load group were treated with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 at 1 hour before loading. The cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 method, and the mRNA expression was detected on proliferating cell nuclear antigen by reverse transcription-PCR technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the proliferation activity of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was improved at 1 hour after loading, then increased at 6 hours and reached the peak at 12 hours; the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was inhibited obviously at 24 hours. SB203580 inhibited cell proliferation and inhibited mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. These results indicated, in a certain time, cyclic stretch can promote the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts; as time went by, the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was obviously inhibited. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway plays an important role during cyclic stretch-induced proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of an expression vector of calcitonin gene-related peptide gene Liu Cheng-long, Lü Hai, Qiu Su-jun, Duan Yang 2012, 16 (28):  5246-5250.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.024 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (490KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: Efficient calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gene vector should be established first to study the application of CGRP gene therapy in osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To construct an expression vector of pBaBb-puro-CGRP. METHODS: Primers were designed. Then, CGRP was obtained by PCR amplification and it was connected to pBaBb-puro after enzyme digestion. After transformation and positive clone screening, enzyme digestion and sequence identification were performed. RESULTS AND CONLUSION: 430 bp coding sequence of CGRP gene was obtained by PCR amplification. After enzyme digestion, connection and transformation, the clones were obtained. Next, 10 clones were picked up and examined by PCR, and eight clones were found the recombinant plasmid. The result was in accord with expectation through further enzyme digestion and sequencing. These findings suggest that expression vector of pBaBb-puro-CGRP was successfully constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and characterization of pGL3-Claudin-1 promoter luciferase reporter plasmid Wang Hong-bo, Wang Peng-yuan, Liu Yu-cun, Wan Yuan-lian 2012, 16 (28):  5251-5254.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.025 Abstract ( 580 )   PDF (349KB) ( 824 )   Save BACKGROUND: Claudin-1 is a multi-functional protein; besides, construction of tight junction strand to seal paracellular space, which expression disorder in transcriptional level may be also involved in malignant cancer for invasion, metastasis and prognosis as a molecular marker. OBJECTIVE: To construct recombinant rat Claudin-1 luciferase reporter plasmid. METHODS: Oligonucleotide containing about 2 000 bp in 5’-UTR of rat Claudin-1 genome DNA was designed and synthesized, which was inserted into pGL3-Basic vector after double digestion by restriction enzyme KpnⅠ and MluⅠ; competent E.coli DH5α and pMD18-T-simple vector were used for screening of positive sample. Positive clones were identified by PCR and sequencing. There were four groups in the experiment: Control group, positive control group (transfected by pGL3-promoter plasmid), negative group (transfected by pGL3-Basic plasmid) and experimental group (transfected by pGL3-Claudin-1 promoter plasmid). Claudin-1 promoter activity was detected in the 293T cell transiently transfected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result of recombinant pGL3 plasmid from DNA sequencing was fully consistent with promoter sequence of rat Claudin-1 gene in GenBank (gi|62750811) by NCBI blast assay. Compared with pGL3-basic plasmid, the transcriptional activity of recombinant luciferase report gene in recombinant pGL3 plasmid was obviously increased (P < 0.001). Gene sequencing and transfection results confirmed that effective pGL3-Claudin-1 promoter plasmid had been constructed successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a short hairpin RNA interference lentiviral vector of SIRT1 gene and detection of interference effect Deng Zhao-ling, Wang Yan, Du Li-qing, Liu Qiang, Zhao Hui, Chen Nai-yao 2012, 16 (28):  5255-5259.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.026 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (478KB) ( 871 )   Save BACKGROUND: SIRT1 gene plays a very important role in cell energy metabolism, apoptosis and ageing, while other studies have found that SIRT1 may play a regulatory role in the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE: To construct short hairpin RNA interference lentiviral vector of SIRT1 gene and to evaluate their inhibitory effect in THP-1 cells. METHODS: The SIRI1 target specific oligonucleotide sequence was designed, synthesized and connected into the pGCSIL-GFP vector digested by Age Ⅰ and EcoRⅠ 293T cells were packaged to produce the lentivirus, and then transfected with THP-1 cells. The inhibitory effect on SIRT1 gene was tested by the real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The PCR and DNA sequencing of positive clones demonstrated that the lentivirus shRNA vector of SIRT1 gene was constructed successfully. The real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot confirmed that the vector could suppress the expression level of SIRT1 at mRNA and protein levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tongfeng instant powder on renal pathological changes in adenine and ethambutol-induced hyperuricemia nephropathy rats Chen Li-chuan, Zhang Huang-sheng, Yu Zhi-hua 2012, 16 (28):  5260-5263.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.28. 027 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (717KB) ( 409 )   Save BACKGROUND: Over the years, we have obtained a good effect of tongfeng instant powder on uric acid nephropathy and gouty arthritis through long-term and large-amount clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of the kidneys in rats with hyperuricemia nephropathy after the treatment with tongfeng instant powder. METHODS: Sixty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups: normal control group, model group, benzbromarone group, high-, middle-, and low-dose tongfeng instant powder groups. Animal models of hyperuricemia nephropathy were established in the latter five groups. All groups were treated with tongfeng instant powder or benzbromarone or the same volume of saline solution per day until day 21 after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the renal mass was reduced significantly, while the body mass was increased significantly in the treatment groups and normal control group (P < 0.05). The renal structure in the normal control group maintained normal. There was focal interstitial fibrosis in the model group, with a large number of infiltrated lymphoid tissue and monocytes. In the high-dose group, rare interstitial fibrosis was seen, accompanied by a small amount of infiltrated lymphoid tissues and monocytes. In the middle-dose group, a little interstitial fibrosis was seen, accompanied by a small amount of infiltrated lymphoid tissue and monocytes. In the low-dose group, a great amount of interstitial fibrosis was found with a large amount of infiltrated lymphoid tissue and monocytes. In the benzbromarone group, a small amount of interstitial fibrosis was observed, accompanied by a large number of infiltrated lymphoid tissue and monocytes. These findings indicate that tongfeng instant powder can effectively suppress the renal inflammation of hyperuricemia nephropathy animal models and reduce renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone reconstruction with autologous fat transplantation in facial plasty Nie Yun-fei, Li Xiao-lin, Wu Guo-hui 2012, 16 (28):  5264-5268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.028 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (477KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: The use of autologous fat transplantation, liposuction, fillers, Botox, lasers and radiofrequency has become absolutely necessary prelude or accompaniment in facial plasty. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze effect of face lift and fat injection on facial rejuvenation. METHODS: Articles addressing face anatomy, ageing and facial fat transplantation, excluding repetitive studies, were identified by searching PubMed (1893-01 to 2011-12) using the keywords of “bone, facial, autologous fat transplantation, facial plastic, superficial musculoaponeuroticsystem (SMAS)”. Finally, 47 articles were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pigment patch, wrinkle and ptosis are the main features in facial ageing. The mandibular angle is blunt with aging. Bone resorption mainly exist in the orbital rim, piriform aperture, alveolar bone maxilla notch, chin projection and mandibular angle. SMAS do not change obviously. Fat injection is the direct method for facial volume. Totally 1 936 results of facial profiles moulding show that face lift and fat injection get satisfactory outcome for the elderly with facial emaciation, and patients with hemifacial atrophy can almost have normal facial profile. Facial fat injection cannot only recover face plump and ascend profile curve, but also improve facial skin texture and tinct. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue-engineered cartilage for treatment of cartilage defects Hou Jun-hua 2012, 16 (28):  5269-5276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.029 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (591KB) ( 316 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous or allogenic cartilage transplantation, transplantation of cartilage or periosteum, cartilage cell transplantation are applied in repairing cartilage injuries, but all the material limitations of immune rejection lead to ineffective results. Tissue-engineered cartilage provides a new idea and method for the clinical repair of cartilage defects. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the literatures on the tissue-engineered cartilage for treatment of cartilage defects through SCI database and to understand the development tendency of the tissue-engineered cartilage. METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the literature addressing the tissue-engineered cartilage for treatment of cartilage defects, using key words of “cartilage, tissue engineering, chondrocyte/cartilage cell, cartilage tissue, scaffold materials, seed cell” in SCI database (2001-01/2010-12). The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3 137 papers about tissue-engineered cartilage for treatment of cartilage defects published between 2001-01 and 2010-12 were retrieved in SCI database, and most of papers were published as original articles. The overall number of literature had an upward trend from 2001 to 2010. Biomaterials published most papers in this field. United States published more literature than other countries, and play important roles in the field of the tissue-engineered cartilage for treatment of cartilage defects. Most of papers were published from Harvard University, Rice University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Columbia University, University of California, San Diego. This paper provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand the overview and present situation of this field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hypoxia and the metabolism of osteoblast and osteoclast Zhao Xing-chen, Tian Jing 2012, 16 (28):  5277-5280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.030 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (474KB) ( 478 )   Save BACKGROUND: More and more researches have demonstrated that hypoxia is closely associated to osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects of hypoxia on bone metabolism of osteoblast and osteoclast and to make further explanation about the mechanism of hypoxia in osteoporosis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of literatures published from 2007 to 2011 related to hypoxia associated with bone metabolism and osteoporosis was performed in PubMed database, Wanfang database and VIP database using the key words of “hypoxia, bone metabolism, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high altitude, osteoporosis” in English and in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hypoxia can promote the generation and bone resorption of osteoclasts. The effects of hypoxia on the generation of osteoclasts depend on oxygen concentration and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factors activated primarily by hypoxia which can active the downstream gene expression to regulate the generation of osteoblasts and their functions. The osteoporosis resulted from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases is related to hypoxia, glucocorticoid, systemic inflammatory response and other factors. The osteoporosis resulted from high altitude is mainly related to hypoxia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Resistance exercise effects on skeletal muscle hypertrophy Wen An, Shi Qing-zhao, Zhao Nan 2012, 16 (28):  5281-5286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.031 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (557KB) ( 400 )   Save BACKGROUND: Resistance exercise can promote muscle growth, resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature addressing the influence of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle by using cell biology and molecular biology method. METHODS: PubMed (1999/2011-05) was electronically retrieved for articles related to resistance exercise effects on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and then 45 articles were adopted by explicating inclusion and exclusion. The abstracts and the part of texts were obtained through the PubMed, and Springer or Sciencedirect was searched to get full texts so as to analyze the research progress of resistance exercise effects on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The response of circulation assimilation hormones including growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and testosterone level change to resistance exercise and the internal environment factors have the significant effects on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The cellular biological effects of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle are also further discussed. This field is focused on the methods of mammalian target of rapamycin mediating skeletal muscle protein synthesis, inflammation mechanism of prostaglandins and tumor necrosis factor α, and influence of tension-sensor to adding muscles after signal changing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and application of calreticulin in the construction of cardiac histiocyte oxidative stress and ischemic injury Li Lei-yong, Tian Yue-feng, Yuan Ye, Wang Jun, Zhang Bin-ren, Wang Xu 2012, 16 (28):  5287-5290.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.032 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (612KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calreticulin regulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes in vivo, such as cell apoptosis, stress and cardiovascular inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression and application of calreticulin in ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: An online search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant articles published from 1996 to 2010. Articles on the structure and function of calreticulin, the role of calreticulin in autoimmunization and cardiac development, the expression change of calreticulin in the ischemia-reperfusion process were included. On that basis, the expression changes of calreticulin in oxidative stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury were observed by experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Calreticulin plays an important role in the genesis, development and pathological changes of hearts by assisting protein folding correctly, maintaining the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis as well as involving in the regulation of apoptosis, adhesion and the expression of steroid sensitive genes. Calreticulin expression in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR using myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. The results indicate that calreticulin expression is increased after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and then the apoptosis signal pathway in endoplasmic reticulum is activated, leading to cell injury and aggravate the myocardial injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of radiation on the morphological mechanism of tissue and organ damage Ye Jiang-feng, Yuan Ming-hui 2012, 16 (28):  5291-5296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.033 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (534KB) ( 578 )   Save BACKGROUND: As the continuing reports of radioactive accidents, the damage caused by radiation has been attracted more and more attention. Research on the radiation has also been got significant progress. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the investigative situation and progression about radiation injury at abroad. METHODS: A computer research on CNKI database and PubMed database (2000-01/2010-12) was preformed to search the articles about radiation injury. The key word was “radiation injury”. The articles related to radiation injury were selected. There were 150 articles after the initial survey. Then 62 articles related to radiation injury were included according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radiation can also cause a great injury on nervous system, it can cause peripheral neuropathy, radiation spinal cord disease and other nerve injury. The damage to the normal tissue is inflammation, followed by is the proliferation of collagen fibers, deposition, fibrosis, and finally, loss of organ function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of heart type fat binding protein and its application in cardiac surgery Wang Shi-xiong, Li Ning-yin, Gao Bing-ren 2012, 16 (28):  5297-5303.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.034 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (710KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Heart-type fatty-binding protein is one of the most abundant proteins in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells, which is a marker protein for myocardial injury. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biology structure and function, metabolism dynamics of heart-type fatty binding protein, and their progress in clinical research and application in cardiac surgery. METHODS: A search of PubMed and VIP databases (1983-01/2010-12) was performed by the first author for the literature of the biological structure and function of heart-type fatty-binding proteins and their application in cardiac surgery as well as other clinical applications. The keywords were “creatine kinase isoenzyme, heart fatty acid-binding protein, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting” in English and in Chinese, respectivley. Unrelated articles or repetitive articles were excluded, and finally 62 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Heart-type fatty-binding protein is a soluble protein with a low molecular weight, more specific in myocardial cytoplasm, and no or a little in normal plasma, which can quick release after myocardial damage. Heart-type fatty-binding protein has a good diagnostic value for perioperative myocardial injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass, and it is a potential indicator in the rapid assessment of myocardial injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass valve replacement surgery as soon as possible. Elevated levels of heart-type fatty-binding proteins can be earlier to judge the severity of myocardial injury and to determine the degree of impaired cardiac function and heart-related complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of different evaluation criteria for judging overweight and obesity inpatients Rao Zhi-yong, Yuan Hong, Liu Yuan, Yang Chang-qing, Yu Feng-mei, Hu Wen 2012, 16 (28):  5304-5308.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.035 Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (382KB) ( 511 )   Save BACKGROUND: Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio are used by the World Health Organization for the judgment of obesity and body fat distribution. The veracity of this diagnosis method is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the difference of body mass index, body fat content, waist-to-hip ratio and visceral fat area for the judgment of obesity. METHODS: A total of 471 hospitalized medical patients were selected and divided into three groups according to ages and genders: young group, middle age group and elder group. Body fat content and visceral fat area were measured by bioelectrical impedance method to judge obesity and overweight. The veracity of the two judgment methods mentioned above were compared with that of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio judgment methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in body mass index of different age groups between genders. There was significant difference in female body fat content among different age groups (P < 0.01); and it increased with age. The obesity rate diagnosed using body fat content was higher than that diagnosed using body mass index among all groups other than male elder group (obesity rate diagnosed using body fat content was lower). There was significant difference in the abdominal obesity rate diagnosed using waist-to-hip ratio and visceral fat area in different age groups between genders (P < 0.01); and it increased with age. The abdominal obesity rate diagnosed using waist-to-hip ratio was higher than that using visceral fat area among all groups (P < 0.01) other than male young group (no difference). These findings indicate that there is difference in the obesity rate diagnosed using body mass index and body fat content; there is difference in the abdominal obesity rate diagnosed using waist-to-hip ratio and visceral fat area. Body fat content and waist-to-hip ratio can be used to diagnose obesity and abdominal obesity; however, further investigation is needed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interrelationship of the muscle mass and muscle strength of students in late puberty and speed of sound detected by quantitative ultrasound method and bioelectrical impedance method Li Cheng-ming, Zhang Wei 2012, 16 (28):  5309-5314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.036 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (436KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies addressing the relation of student’s body composition and bone mineral density in late puberty are rare. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of physical fitness and body composition of students in the late youth with the speed of sound (SOS). METHODS: Quantitative ultrasound and bio-electrical impedance methods were applied in 1 004 students aged 17-20 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The physique and body composition of body students were significantly better than those of girl students. Students with different degrees of obesity had obvious physical changes: the higher the fat percentage, the worse the physical fitness. Fat percentage, muscle mass and muscle strength had a significant linear relationship with the SOS. These findings show that a clear gender difference exists between the physical fitness and body composition, but there is no gender difference in the SOS; students with different degrees of obesity has obvious physical differences, and the fat percentage in the normal range indicates the good physical fitness of students; the fat percentage is negatively correlated to the SOS, and the higher the fat percentage, the lower the bone mineral density that is influenced by muscle strength and muscle mass. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between surfactant protein A polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xinjiang Mongolian population Guan Jian, Xu Yong-jian, Xu Xi-lin, Luo Shu-xin, Ji Hong-zhi 2012, 16 (28):  5315-5320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.28.037 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (435KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the genetic pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been fully understood yet. Surfactant protein A may play an important role in the pathogenesis of genetic susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and there may be a racial difference. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between surfactant protein A polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xinjiang Mongolian population. METHODS: The case-control study was used in this study. DNAs were extracted from the peripheral blood of 119 smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 116 healthy smokers from Mongolian population. Polymorphisms of rs1136451 and rs4253527 were determined by the Taqman PCR method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Genotypes frequencies were different between the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and normal smokers for aa62 (χ2=7.164, P=0.028). There were also significant differences in allele genotype frequencies to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease smokers (χ2=2.239, P=0.019). There were differences in genotype frequency stage II and stage Ⅲ of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (χ2=8.721, P=0.013). Genotypes frequencies were not different between the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and normal smokers for aa219 (χ2=0.367, P=0.545); there were also no differences in allele genotype (χ2=0.332, P=0.565). The polymorphism of aa62 (CCA/CCG, rs1136451) in surfactant protein A may be associated with the susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xinjiang Mongolian population. Related Articles | Metrics