Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (20): 3246-3251.doi: 10.12307/2024.339

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The role of macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis

Ge Ruiyang1, Ni Can2, Yang Kun1, Yan Fuhua2   

  1. 1Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-12 Accepted:2023-06-05 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2023-09-11
  • Contact: Yan Fuhua, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China Yang Kun, Associate professor, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Ge Ruiyang, Master candidate, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82001051 (to NC); Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline (Laboratory) Cultivation Unit, No. JSDW202246 (to YFH)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Host immune response triggered by plaque biofilm is an initiator of periodontitis progression and destruction. Macrophages are an important component of the innate immune response, which play an important role in inflammation occurrence and development. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between macrophage polarization and periodontitis and the related progress in the treatment of periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization.
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature published from 1990 to 2023, with “macrophage polarization, M1/M2 macrophage, periodontitis, periodontitis treatment, macrophage polarization and periodontitis, osteoimmunology, ferroptosis, macrophage polarization and ferroptosis, periodontitis and ferroptosis” as the English and Chinese search terms. After the initial screening, 96 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The switch between different phenotypes of macrophages is closely related to the tissue destruction caused by periodontitis, and various cytokines and inflammatory mediators secreted from macrophages are involved in the destruction and repair of periodontal tissue. Therefore,regulation of macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion in inflammatory state helps to alleviate periodontitis inflammation and improve the periodontal microenvironment, thereby reducing tissue destruction or promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. Many studies have been conducted to develop drugs or biomaterials to modulate macrophage function for the purpose of immunomodulatory treatment of periodontitis. However, macrophages act throughout the development of periodontitis and play an important role in the process of anti-infection, bone destruction and bone repair, and polarization is a complex and dynamic process influenced by many factors. Therefore, further exploration on possible mechanisms is still needed to clarify the interaction between materials or drugs and macrophages.

Key words: macrophage polarization, periodontitis, chronic inflammation, periodontal tissue regeneration, treatment

CLC Number: