Influence of physical activity on executive control function in older adults by event-related potentials

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1137

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Physical activities contribute to improving cognitive function of the elderly, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the brain compensation mechanism of physical activity for cognitive function improvement in the elderly.
METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were recruited and divided into three groups: low- and moderate-intensity physical activity group (n=15 older adults), high-intensity physical activity (n=15 older adults) and youth group (n=15). Brain waves (Fz, F3, F4, Cz, C3, C4, Pz, P3, P4, T3, T4, Oz, O1, O2) were measured and assessed according to event-related potentials. Stroop task was used as a test tool in consistent and incompatible situations to explore the performance of interference control in the execution of control function.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The response time of young people with high-intensity physical activity was significantly faster than that of old adults with low-intensity physical activity in compatible situation, while that of young people with high-intensity physical activity was significantly faster than that of old adults with low-intensity physical activity in incompatible situation. The Stroop effect was not different between the elderly and the young people in the low-difficulty task. But in the more difficult task, the Stroop effect was consistent in that the elderly with low-intensity physical activity was significantly higher than the elderly with high-intensity physical activity, while the elderly with high physical activity was significantly higher than the youth. Regardless of the difficulty of the task and the work situation, the P300 latency time of Fz, Cz and Pz was significantly higher in the elderly with low-intensity physical activity than in the elderly and youth with high-intensity physical activity, while there was no difference in the latency time between the elderly and young with high physical activity. The amplitude of Fz, Cz, Pz three-electrode P300 was significantly different, especially in the high physical activity. The amplitude of P300 at Fz electrode in the elderly was significantly greater than that of the elderly and young people with low-intensity physical activity, while the amplitude at Cz and Pz electrodes in the elderly with low-intensity physical activity was significantly lower than that in the elderly and young people with high-intensity physical activity. These results indicate that compared with the elderly with low-intensity physical activity, the elderly with high-intensity physical activity exhibit faster response time, higher attention resource input and faster information processing speed in the Stroop task related to interference control, and develop a more comprehensive frontal lobe compensation mechanism to maintain the same cognition processing efficiency as the young people.

Key words: Motor Activity, Cognition, Executive Function, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R496

Li Jintian . Influence of physical activity on executive control function in older adults by event-related potentials[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2019, 23(11): 1693-1699.

Figures/Tables 3

表2显示： (1)对反应时间的检验。3组受试者在2种Stroop作业及2种情境(相容及不相容情境)的反应时间，经三因素混合设计方差分析发现：不同组别因素，F=11.59，P < 0.05、不同情境因素，F= 89.77，P < 0.05，交互作用中：“作业*情境”因素，F=16.89，P < 0.05、“组别*情境”因素，F=11.55，P < 0.05及“组别*作业*情境”三因素作用，F= 8.14，P < 0.05；进一步分析显示“组别*情境”对作业一不显著，F=1.18，P > 0.05，但对作业二达到显著水平，F=17.62，P < 0.05。 (2)事后比较发现：在难度较低的作业1中，不论老年组还是年轻组，同一组别在相容与不相容情境下的反应时间皆不存在差异(P > 0.05)；在难度较高的作业2中，老年2组在不相容情境下的反应时间显著高于相容情境，而年轻人组(对照组)相容与不相容情境下的反应时间无显著差异(P > 0.05)。 (3)不同组别间的LSD多重比较发现，在难度较低的作业1中，不论是相容情境还是不相容情境下，皆一致表现为低身体活动量老年组的反应时间显著高于高身体活动量老年组，而高身体活动老年组则显著高于年轻人组(对照组)；在较高难度的作业2中，相容情境作业下，低身体活动量老年人组的反应时间显著高于高身体活动量老年人组(P < 0.05)，但高身体活动量老年人组与年轻人组反应时间无差异(P > 0.05),不相容作业下，则表现为低身体活动量老年人组显著高于高身体活动量老年组，而高身体活动量老年人组显著高于年轻人组(P < 0.05)。 (4)Stroop作业效果?ε=不相容情境下的反应时间-相容情境下反应时间，它作为个体抗干扰控制能力的重要指标[27]。在难度较低的作业1中，3组的Stroop作业效果不存在差异(P > 0.05)；在难度较大的作业2中，Stroop作业效果则一致表现为低活动量老人组>高活动量老人组>年轻人组(P < 0.05),意旨低身体活动老年人组慢于高身体活动老年人组，而高身体活动老年人组则显著慢于年轻人组。 2.4 不同组别间事件关联电位中P300潜伏时间及振幅分析见表3。表3显示： (1)3组受试者P300潜伏时间，经4因素方差分析显示主效应中，组别因素显著，F=5.12，P < 0.05、不同电极因素显著，F=6.05，P < 0.05，组别*电极因素二因素交互作用显著，F=3.54，P < 0.05，作业*情境*电极因素三因素交互作用显著，F=5.74，P < 0.05。 (2)经事后比较显示：同一电极下，同一组别下，不论作业难度高低，在相容及不相容情境下的潜伏时间无差异(P > 0.05)；在作业1、2两种难度下，不论是相容还是不相容情境，不同组别间潜伏时间几乎表现出高度一致性，即3个电极FZ、CZ与PZ电极P300潜伏时间皆达到显著水平，且一致表现为低身体活动量老人组潜伏时间显著高于高身体活动量老人组及年轻人组，但2个老人组潜伏时间没有差异(P > 0.05)。 (3)3组受试者P300振幅，经4因素方差分析(作业类别、不同组别、不同情境、不同电极)显示：主效应中电极因素显著，F=18.15，P < 0.05，组别因素显著，F =5.19，P < 0.05，作业*情境交互效应显著，F= 3.81，P < 0.05、组别*电极交互效应显著，F=7.14，P < 0.05，组别*作业交互效应显著，F= 3.48，P < 0.05。 (4)事后比较显示：同组别在相容与不相容情境下的P300振幅比较与作业难度有关，在作业1(难度较低)低活动量老人组、年轻人组2组表现一致，即不相容情境下的振幅显著高于相容情境，而高活动量老人组振幅与情境因素无关，但在作业2(难度较大)下，3组P300振幅表现高度一致，即皆与情境因素无关；不同组别效果经LSD多重比较发现，在FZ、CZ、PZ三电极处振幅皆达到显著水平，但表现特征有差异，其中在FZ电极处，不论作业1还是作业2一致表现为高活动量老人组P300振幅显著大于低活动量老人组及年轻人组，低活动量老人组、年轻人组2组无差异，而在CZ、PZ两电极处，低活动量老人组P300振幅显著小于高活动量老人组、年轻人组，但高活动量老人组、年轻人组组间的振幅在2种情境下多数结果无差异，少数有差异但数值接近；3个电极点之间的振幅比较看，2个老人组均无显著差异(P > 0.05)，但年轻人组则达到显著水平(P < 0.05)，表现出振幅在FZ电极小于CZ及PZ电极。"

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中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程