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18 April 2019, Volume 23 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on mechanism of radix angelicae pubescentis in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology Cheng Xiaoping1, Zheng Wenwei2, Ni Guoxin1 2019, 23 (11):  1641-1646.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1060 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 142 )   Save BACKGROUND: Angelicae pubescentis radix has been extensively applied in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To construct the active ingredient-target network through screening the chemical ingredients of angelicae pubescentis radix based on network pharmacology, and to explore the mechanism underlying the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: The main active ingredients of angelicae pubescentis radix were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and the targets of osteoarthritis were retrieved from OMIM, TTD, pharmGKB Database. The “active ingredient-target” and “target-related diseases” network were constructed by the Cytoscape3.6.1 software. The biological functions and related pathways were analyzed by GlueGO and KEGG plugin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 8 active ingredients and 52 targets were screened in angelicae pubescentis radix from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. A total of 120 target-related to osteoarthritis were got from OMIM, TTD, pharmGKB Database. Twenty common targets were found in “active ingredient-target” and “target-related diseases” network. The analysis of GlueGO and KEGG showed the radix angelicae pubescentis not only involved in the biological functions of lipolysis, calcium transport, T cell stabilization, embryonic cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis, but also modulated the signaling pathways of calcium, tumor necrosis factor, oxytocin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and apoptosis. This study reveals that the potential active ingredients and possible mechanism of angelicae pubescentis radix for osteoarthritis, provides a basis for the development of new drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of paclitaxel on proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts in periapical periodontitis  Wu Hui1, Jiang Long2, Li Xiaojie3, Ji Qiushi2, Xu Nuo2 2019, 23 (11):  1647-1651.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1101 Abstract ( 470 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 108 )   Save BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel has been shown to treat bone metastases, suggesting that it has certain effect on osteolysis diseases. However, there are few studies on paclitaxel for osteolysis diseases, and the mechanism of paclitaxel regulating osteoclast formation and function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of paclitaxel on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts in periapical periodontitis. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro for 24 hours and RANKL was added to identify osteoclasts by real-time PCR and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Different concentrations (1, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 mol/L) of paclitaxel were used to treat osteoclasts, and the optimal concentration of osteoclasts was selected by cell counting kit-8 assay. The osteoclasts without paclitaxel were used as controls. The effect of paclitaxel on osteoclast apoptosis was detected by real-time PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The osteoclasts induced by 10-4 mol/L paclitaxel showed the weakest proliferation ability (P < 0.05), suggesting that 10-4 mol/L was the optimal concentration. After cultured by 10-4 mol/L paclitaxel for 0, 24 and 48 hours, the proliferation of osteoclasts was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The absorbance value of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of the osteoclasts cultured by 10-4 mol/L paclitaxel was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results revealed that mRNA expression level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of the osteoclasts cultured by 10-4 mol/L paclitaxel was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of Caspase3 and PARP1 of the osteoclasts cultured by 10-4 mol/L paclitaxel were significantly higher than those in the control group. In summary, paclitaxel can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and activate apoptosis of osteoclasts. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Astragaloside IV suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome  Yu Sujiao, Tan Hui 2019, 23 (11):  1652-1656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1068 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (4161KB) ( 104 )   Save BACKGROUND: Astragaloside IV has been shown to hold a protective effect on arthritis, but its effect on inflammatory response in chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the releases of inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes. METHODS: Sprague-Dawely rat knee chondrocytes (Wuhan Bafeier Biological Co., Ltd.) were cultured in vitro, which were identified by type II collagen immunofluorescence. Chondrocytes were divided into five groups, including control group, lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/L)-induced group, and lipopolysaccharide plus low-dose  (25 mmol/L), medium-dose (50 mmol/L), and high-dose (100 mmol/L) astragaloside IV groups. Cells were  treated with lipopolysaccharide and astragaloside IV for 24 hours. The relative cell survival rate was analyzed by cell count. The levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell nucleus of chondrocytes was blue and cytoplasm was red under the fluorescent microscope. Compared with lipopolysaccharide-induced group, the relative survival rate of chondrocytes in each astragaloside IV group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in supernatant were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicate that astragaloside IV can inhibit the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α protein in chondrocytes through inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and further inhibit the inflammatory reaction of articular chondrocytes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of serum-free starvation on proliferative capacity of muscle satellite cells and expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1  Liu Tong1, Yu Jiani2, Liu Yue1, Chen Huan3, Kuang Weichuan1, Wang Xiaoyin1, Zhang Shujing4, Jiang Ye1, Qiu Xiaojia1, Wen Xi1 2019, 23 (11):  1657-1661.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1062 Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (5374KB) ( 146 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autophagy can promote the survival of muscle satellite cells in hypoxic environment. However, based on the obvious time-dependent nature of autophagy, the relationship between the level of autophagy and the proliferation ability of muscle satellite cells at different time has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different time of serum-free starvation on the proliferative capacity and expression of autophagy-related proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1, in rat muscle satellite cells. METHODS: Primary multifidus muscle satellite cells were isolated and cultured from male Sprague-Dawley rats (provided by the Animal Experimental Center, Guangdong University of Chinese Medicine in China, about 120 g of weight). Passage 3 cells cultured in logarithmic phase were assigned into normal serum group (10% fetal bovine serum), 6-hour blank serum group, 12-hour blank serum, and 24-hour blank serum group. Proliferative capacity of cells was detected by cell counting kit-8, while the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 at protein and mRNA levels was determined by western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) No difference was found between the 6-hour blank serum group and the normal serum group in term of the proliferative capacity (P > 0.05), while the proliferative capacity of cells in the 12-hour blank serum group was lower than that in the normal serum group and 6-hour blank serum group (P < 0.01). The proliferative capacity of cells in the 24-hour blank serum group was lower than that in the 12-hour blank serum group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal serum group, the protein and mRNA expressions of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 in the 6-hour blank serum group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while compared with the 6-hour blank serum group, the protein and mRNA expressions of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin were increased significantly in the 12-hour and 24-hour blank serum groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). To conclude, serum-free starvation can induce autophagy in muscle satellite cells, and the autophagy can protect the cell proliferation within 12 hours. However, excessive autophagy maybe occurs after 12 hours, which is detrimental to the cell proliferation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of cartilage extracellular matrix and Wnt singling pathway in rabbit models of osteoarthritis after treatment by fire-needle moxibustion at Dubi and Neixiyan Ao Xiaojing, Miao Mao, Tan Yaqin, Hao Hua 2019, 23 (11):  1662-1668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1139 Abstract ( 479 )   PDF (5398KB) ( 115 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acupuncture and moxibustion can improve the articular symptoms of osteoarthritis and alleviate inflammatory reaction. Fire-needle moxibustion has been reported to treat osteoarthritis, showing exact efficacy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of fire-needle moxibustion at Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan on the rabbit models of osteoarthritis, and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-two 4-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected (provided by Shanghai Slac Laboratory Animals Co., Ltd.). There were four groups, including sham operation, osteoarthritis, Western medicine, and fire-needle moxibustion groups. The rabbit knees in the latter three groups were fixed using polymer fixing band to establish the model of knee osteoarthritis. Seven days later, the rabbits were treated by sodium hyaluronate, and fire-needle moxibustion at Dubi and Neixiyan, respectively, for 6 consecutive courses with 3 days in between. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in serum of rabbits in each group were determined by ELISA after treatment. Safranin-O staining was used for osteoarthritis histological evaluation. Mankin score was used to evaluate osteoarthritis model. Changes of Wnt signaling pathway in cartilage tissues were detected by qualified PCR and western blot assay.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mankin score and histological staining results showed that the cartilage degradation level in the Western medicine, and fire-needle moxibustion groups was downregulated compared with the osteoarthritis group. After treatment, compared with the osteoarthritis group, the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly decreased and increased in the Western medicine and fire-needle moxibustion groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and β-catenin mRNA and protein in cartilage in the Western medicine and fire-needle moxibustion groups were significantly lower, higher and lower than those in the osteoarthritis group, respectively. These results indicate that fire-needle moxibustion at Dubi and Neixiyan is a simple and effective method for knee osteoarthritis. The mechanism may be through reducing the abnormally increased metalloproteinase-1 level, regulating ratio of metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, regulating the degradation process of extracellular matrix and affecting the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the progression of cartilage degeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis Liu Hong, Wang Yi, Zhang Qin 2019, 23 (11):  1669-1673.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0950 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (4684KB) ( 99 )   Save BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 has abilities of degrading collagen type IV, elastin, proteoglycan and fibronectin, which has been shown to be highly associated with periodontitis in gingival tissue biopsies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the periodontium of rats under orthodontic force. METHODS: Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into orthodontic force and tooth movement groups. The animal models of orthodontic tooth movement were established. The rats were sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after tooth movement, respectively. The expression and distribution of Matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the periodontium were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Matrix metalloproteinase 7 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and macrophages, which appeared to be yellow. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 was visible in the normal tissue, and the number of cells positive for matrix metalloproteinase 7 increased with time, which peaked on day 7 after orthodontic force and then began to decrease. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the periodontium of tension and pressure sides in the periodontitis tooth movement group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0-14 days (P < 0.05). At 3 and 7 days after orthodontic force, the expression level of matrix metalloproteinase 7 in the periodontium of tension side in both groups was significantly higher than that of the pressure side (both P < 0.05). These findings show that Matrix metalloproteinase 7, as a local regulator in the periodontium, participates in the orthodontic periodontal tissue remodeling. Orthodontic force and inflammatory stimulus can up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of mechano growth factor in the proliferation and migration of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes   Zhao Hui, Zhou Junlin, Yang Tiejun, Li Yihan, Guo Meng 2019, 23 (11):  1674-1679.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1108 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (4263KB) ( 101 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mechano growth factor exists in a wide variety of tissues, and it can enhance the proliferation and migration of cells in different tissues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mechano growth factor on the proliferation and migration of primary rabbit knee articular chondrocytes, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Knee cartilage was shredded after being harvested from New Zealand white rabbits (provided by Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd.), and then chondrocytes were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion. Passage 3 cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested and divided into five groups, and then intervened by 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/L mechano growth factor for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechano growth factor could promote the proliferation and migration of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, and mechano growth factor at 4 μg/L exhibited the strongest efficacy. Mechano growth factor could increase the expression of transforming growth factor β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 with concentration increasing. In summary, mechano growth factor can promote the proliferation and migration of rabbit knee articular chondrocytes dose-dependently, which may be via the transforming growth factor β1/Smad signaling pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of interleukin-17 and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts on the production of osteoclast-like cells in vitro Zhou Tian, Wu Kai, Li Min, Lu Haili, Tang Haifang, Kang Na 2019, 23 (11):  1680-1686.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1136 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (5666KB) ( 121 )   Save BACKGROUND: Root resorption has been shown to be a common complication during orthodontic treatment, and interleukin-17 may mediate the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts through periodontal ligament to induce root resorption. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of interleukin-17 and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Passage 4-6 human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were added to the DMEM medium containing interleukin-17 at concentration of 0 or 20 μg/L for 42 hours. Cell supernatant mixed with 50 μg/L RANKL was cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively to establish a human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells indirect co-culture system. There were six groups: control group, peripheral blood mononuclear cells+RANKL group, peripheral blood mononuclear cells+human periodontal ligament fibroblasts group, peripheral blood mononuclear cells+human periodontal ligament fibroblasts+interleukin-17 group, peripheral blood mononuclear cells + human periodontal ligament fibroblasts+RANKL group, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells+human periodontal ligament fibroblasts+RANKL+interleukin-17 group. The expression levels of cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and carbonic anhydrase II mRNA induced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in osteoclast-like cells were detected by RT-qPCR. Phalloidin staining was used to observe and count the morphology and number of fibromuscular actin rings in the cytoskeleton of osteoclast-like cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that interleukin-17, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and RANKL increased the expression levels of cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and carbonic anhydrase II compared with the control group. The results of phalloidin staining showed a significant increase in the number of actin-loop positive cells in the interleukin-17 (+) or RANKL (+) groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01). To conclude, interleukin-17 can effectively induce osteoclast precursor differentiation into osteoclast-like cells with bone resorption ability, which may be mediated through upregulation of RANKL and downregulation of osteoprotegerin by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in muscle injury and pulse wave velocity after exercise with compression leg cuffs in college students without fitness habits Yuan Yiwen, Gui Zhu, Zhang Hongchao 2019, 23 (11):  1687-1692.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1097 Abstract ( 439 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 104 )   Save BACKGROUND: Centrifugal exercise can induce delayed onset of muscle soreness and increase the level of creatine kinase in the blood. Increased creatine kinase level is an important indicator for evaluating muscle injury. Wearing compression leg cuffs can reduce energy consumption during running. However, whether it can delay the onset of muscle soreness remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of downhill running with compression leg cuffs on muscle injury and arteriosclerosis index-ankle-brachial pulse wave conduction velocity and provide evidence to validate whether compression leg cuffs can reduce the degree of muscle injury. METHODS: Fifteen male college students without fitness habits were randomly selected to wear compression leg cuffs on one foot during exercise. They were subjected to a 30-minute downhill running on a treadmill with a 70% heart rate intensity and a slope of -10°. Creatine kinase, ankle-brachial pulse wave, soreness index, active joint activity, muscle swelling, maximum isometric contraction muscle strength and ultrasonic rectus femoris muscle thickness were measured before and 24 hours after downhill running. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Creatine kinase in blood and ankle-brachial pulse wave conduction velocity after 24 hours of downhill running were significantly higher than those of the pre-test, but there were no differences in these two indices between two feet. Rating of Perceived Exertion, 50% maximal autonomous isometric contraction force pain index (Visual Analogue Scale) and soreness index at 24 hours after exercise were significantly higher than those of the pre-test at both feet. There were no significant differences in the three indexes between two feet at the same time points. Muscle swelling circumference, active joint mobility, maximal autonomous isometric contraction force and rectus femoris thickness were not affected by the interaction of group factors (test foot and control foot) and time factors (pretest and 24 hours posttest). However, rectus femoris thickness and muscle swelling circumference at 24 hours after exercise were significantly higher than those before exercise. The active joint activity and maximal autonomous isometric contraction force at 24 hours after exercise were significantly lower than those before exercise. In summary, wearing compression leg cuffs cannot reduce the muscle injury caused by downhill running and the subsequent delayed muscle soreness and temporary increase in ankle-brachial pulse wave conduction velocity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of physical activity on executive control function in older adults by event-related potentials Li Jintian 2019, 23 (11):  1693-1699.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1137 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 106 )   Save BACKGROUND: Physical activities contribute to improving cognitive function of the elderly, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the brain compensation mechanism of physical activity for cognitive function improvement in the elderly. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were recruited and divided into three groups: low- and moderate-intensity physical activity group (n=15 older adults), high-intensity physical activity (n=15 older adults) and youth group (n=15). Brain waves (Fz, F3, F4, Cz, C3, C4, Pz, P3, P4, T3, T4, Oz, O1, O2) were measured and assessed according to event-related potentials. Stroop task was used as a test tool in consistent and incompatible situations to explore the performance of interference control in the execution of control function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The response time of young people with high-intensity physical activity was significantly faster than that of old adults with low-intensity physical activity in compatible situation, while that of young people with high-intensity physical activity was significantly faster than that of old adults with low-intensity physical activity in incompatible situation. The Stroop effect was not different between the elderly and the young people in the low-difficulty task. But in the more difficult task, the Stroop effect was consistent in that the elderly with low-intensity physical activity was significantly higher than the elderly with high-intensity physical activity, while the elderly with high physical activity was significantly higher than the youth. Regardless of the difficulty of the task and the work situation, the P300 latency time of Fz, Cz and Pz was significantly higher in the elderly with low-intensity physical activity than in the elderly and youth with high-intensity physical activity, while there was no difference in the latency time between the elderly and young with high physical activity. The amplitude of Fz, Cz, Pz three-electrode P300 was significantly different, especially in the high physical activity. The amplitude of P300 at Fz electrode in the elderly was significantly greater than that of the elderly and young people with low-intensity physical activity, while the amplitude at Cz and Pz electrodes in the elderly with low-intensity physical activity was significantly lower than that in the elderly and young people with high-intensity physical activity. These results indicate that compared with the elderly with low-intensity physical activity, the elderly with high-intensity physical activity exhibit faster response time, higher attention resource input and faster information processing speed in the Stroop task related to interference control, and develop a more comprehensive frontal lobe compensation mechanism to maintain the same cognition processing efficiency as the young people. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the expression of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 during early extremity fracture healing in rabbit models of radical fractures Chen Haitao, An Yuguang 2019, 23 (11):  1700-1705.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1106 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (5732KB) ( 92 )   Save ACKGROUND: Huoxue Jiegu Decoction has been shown to be effective for extremity fractures, but the antalgic efficacy of Chinese compounds during early fracture healing is poorer than that of western medicines. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the levels of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein during early extremity fracture healing. METHODS: Sixty New Zealand rabbits (3-5 months old, (2.5±0.5) kg) provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University were included. Rabbit models of radical fracture were established, and then randomized into cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor group, blank control group, and Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor group. Serum osteocalcin level was determined by ELISA at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the outer and inner periosteum were detected by immunohistochemical staining at different time points of fracture healing, and the average optical density value of positive cells was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of osteocalcin at 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks after fracture in the Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The average optical density value of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the outer and inner periosteum and bone marrow cavity at 2, 3, and 4 weeks in the Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that Huoxue Jiegu Decoction combined with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor can promote the early fracture healing to some extent, and increase the expression of osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2. The mechanism may be related to increased osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of fat particles cryopreserved for different time for use as subcutaneous fillers  Zheng Wanling1, Zhang Aijun2, Wang Hao1, Wang Pingping1, Li Jianhua1, Wen Minmin1, Jin Peisheng2 2019, 23 (11):  1706-1710.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1095 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (4640KB) ( 120 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the case of not adding protective agent, whether excessive adipose tissue cryopreserved for long time can be used for the second transplantation and achieve good filling effect is worthy to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transplantation effect of fat particles cryopreserved for different time, and the feasibility of clinical application. METHODS: Without addition of protectant, fat particles were cryopreserved at a final temperature of -80℃. There were four groups: fresh fat, cryopreservation for 1, 3, and 6 months groups. Twelve 8-10-week-old SPF nude mice weighting 20 g provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical University were included in this study. After cryopreserved for different time, fat particles were separately implanted into the back of nude mice. Tissue samples were removed at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. Appearance, weight, and volume of graft were compared among groups. The survival of fat tissue was determined by MTT assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transplantation of cryopreserved fat particles, there were surviving adipocytes, and new blood vessels were observed between cells. The transplantation effect of fat particles cryopreserved for 6 months was superior to that of fat particles cryopreserved for 1 and 3 months. Therefore, fat particles cryopreserved for different time without addition of protectant can be transplanted without safety concern, which can obtain satisfactory filling outcomes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes neurologic function recovery after delayed repair of perioheral nerve injury in rats Zhang Liqian1, Xu Chungui1, Li Ziyu1, Yao Fei1, Zha Xiaowei1, Qi Lei2, Jing Juehua1 2019, 23 (11):  1711-1716.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1117 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (4268KB) ( 129 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the immediate repair of peripheral nerve injury, but its effect on delayed repair is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote the recovery of neurologic function in rats after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Sixty rats were used for constructing the model of peripheral nerve injury, and then the rat models were randomized into low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment and delayed repair groups, and another 30 rats were included in the sham operation group. The rats in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group received low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields after sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The delayed repair group received sciatic nerve disconnection and delayed repair intervention. The sham operation group only exposed the sciatic nerve without disconnection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sciatic functional index in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly higher than that in the delayed repair group. Western blot assay results showed that the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the sciatic nerve were significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of sciatic nerve cells in the low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field treatment group was significantly increased. In summary, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields can promote neurologic function recovery after delayed repair of peripheral nerve injury in rats. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bushen Huoxue Decoction promotes osteoporotic fracture healing in rats through Runx2/Osterix Hu Liuchao1, Luo Yiwen2, Cheng Yingxiong2, Wu Zhifang2, Luo Hui1, Shen Wei1 2019, 23 (11):  1717-1722.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1093 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1422KB) ( 107 )   Save BACKGROUND: Runx2/Osterix is an important transcription factor promoting osteoblast differentiation. Chinese herbs have been shown to promote fracture healing through up-regulation of Runx2/Osterix. Bushen Huoxue Decoction is a prescription used to treat fractures and it can promote bone formation. Exploring underlying mechanism is helpful for its clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Bushen Huoxue Decoction on osteoporotic fracture healing in rats and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: Forty 4-month-old adult female Sprague-Dawley rats provided by Laboratory Animal Centre of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into five groups: model, Bushen Huoxue Decoction, Runx2 gene silencing, Runx2 gene silencing + Bushen Huoxue Decoction, and control groups. The femoral fracture model was established in the control group, while the osteoporotic femoral fracture model was established by ovariectomy in the other groups. Rats in the Bushen Huoxue Decoction and Runx2 gene silencing + Bushen Huoxue Decoction groups were treated with Bushen Huoxue Decoction, while rats in the model, control and Runx2 gene silencing groups were treated with equal volume of distilled water. Rats in the Runx2 gene silencing and Runx2 gene silencing + Bushen Huoxue Decoction groups were injected with Runx2 recombinant lentivirus, while rats in the model, control, and Bushen Huoxue Decoction groups were injected with equal volume of PBS at the same site. After 4 weeks, bone mineral density, tissue mineral density and bone volume fraction were measured by Micro CT. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the callus osteogenesis markers Runx2 and Osterix were detected by qPCR and western blot assay, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, bone mineral density, tissue mineral density, and expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix mRNA and protein in the model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, bone volume fraction and Runx2 and Osterix mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and Runx2 and Osterix protein expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the Bushen Huoxue Decoction group. Compared with the model group, Osterix mRNA expression level and bone volume fraction were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), bone mineral density, tissue mineral density, Runx2 mRNA and protein expression levels, and Osterix protein expression level were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the Runx2 gene silencing group. Compared with the Runx2 gene silencing group, Runx2 and Osterix mRNA and protein expression levels, bone mineral density, tissue mineral density and bone volume fraction in the Runx2 gene silencing + Bushen Huoxue Decoction group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). To conclude, lentivirus-mediated Runx2 gene silencing can delay the healing of osteoporotic fracture in rats. Bushen Huoxue Decoction can up-regulate the expression of Runx2/Osterix and reverse the effect of Runx2 gene silencing, which can obviously promote the healing of fracture and has good therapeutic effect on osteoporotic fracture. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of combined application of extracorporeal circulation perfusion system and Mailuoning on crush injury and crush syndrome in pig models Wang Lei1, Nie Xin1, Yin Yefeng2, Qin Xinyuan2, Chen Tiangui2, Gao Lei2, Lu Lizhen1, Wang Jiangning2 2019, 23 (11):  1723-1729.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1141 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 139 )   Save BACKGROUND: Severe crush injury and crush syndrome have high disability and mortality rates, which seriously threaten the lives of the injured. Reducing the return of harmful substances into blood after extrusion relief is the key to prevent and treat crush syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of combined application of extracorporeal circulation perfusion system and Mailuoning injection on crush injury and crush syndrome of lower extremity in pigs. METHODS: Twenty-four Bama miniature pigs (provided by Beijing Tonghe Shengtai Institute for Comparative Medicine) were randomly divided into four groups (n=6/group): blank control, modeling, routine perfusion, and Mailuoning perfusion groups. The pigs in the latter three groups were used to establish the crush injury-crush syndrome model by self-made crush device. The modeling group restored blood supply after modeling immediately. The routine perfusion and Mailuoning perfusion groups respectively restored after receiving routine blood perfusion and Mailuoning perfusion treatment for 1 hour. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survival rate at 48 hours in the routine perfusion and Mailuoning perfusion groups were higher than that in the modeling group. Levels of creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, potassium ion concentration, myoglobin, creatine kinase, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in in the routine perfusion and Mailuoning perfusion groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of myoglobin and creatine kinase in the Mailuoning perfusion group at 6 hours were significantly lower than those in the conventional perfusion group (P < 0.05). Compared with the modeling and conventional perfusion groups, the malonaldehyde level in skeletal muscle, and contents of cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factor in cytoplasm in the cytoplasm Mailuoning perfusion group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the superoxide dismutase activity, and the contents of cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factor in mitochondria were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in the Mailuoning perfusion group was closer to the normal tissue than the modeling and conventional perfusion groups. The tissue injury condition was similar between modeling and conventional perfusion groups. These results indicate that the combined application of the extracorporeal circulation perfusion system and Mailuoning can prevent and treat the crush injury crush syndrome of the pig models and provide a new idea for the treatment of this disease. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on kidney in rats with membranous nephropathy Cheng Runxia1, Liang Jing2, Liu Gang3, Yang Linlin1, Zhang Yao4, Cao Ling1 2019, 23 (11):  1730-1737.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1100 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (6477KB) ( 107 )   Save BACKGROUND: Membranous nephropathy, a common type of nephrotic syndrome in adults, is characterized by podocyte decrease caused by apoptosis. Podocyte apoptosis is regulated by Bcl-2 and Bax. Tetramethylpyrazine exerts good effectiveness in the treatment of renal diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on cationized bovine serum albumin-induced membranous nephropathy in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two rats provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Southwest University were randomly divided into normal, model and tetramethylpyrazine groups (n=24 per group). Rabbits in the latter two groups underwent membranous nephropathy modeling by modified Border method. The tetramethylpyrazine group received intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine for four consecutive weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal group, the model group showed strong IgG-like deposition in the glomerular mesangial area and capillary wall; glomerular volume increased, as shown by light microscopy. Masson staining showed chlorocruorin deposition. Gomori methenamine silver staining showed diffuse thickening of basement membrane and formation of "nail spikes". Electron microscope showed thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, fusion of foot process, and deposition of electron dense deposits on the glomerular epithelium. Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity and distribution of IgG in the tetramethylpyrazine group, but the degree of glomerular basement membrane thickening and the degree of foot process fusion were slightly improved. Compared with the normal group, the serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein levels were increased, creatinine clearance was decreased, expression level of Bcl-2 and the number of WT-1 positive cells were increased, and Bax expression level and the number of apoptotic cells were decreased in the other two groups. To conclude, tetramethylpyrazine can improve the renal function of rats with membranous nephropathy induced by cationized bovine serum albumin and increase serum albumin. It protects the kidney by reducing the cell apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2 and Bax pathways and inhibiting the reduction of podocytes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of high-intensity circuit training on body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness and metabolic syndrome markers in an overweight population Yu Hong, Liu Yan, Li Bo 2019, 23 (11):  1738-1742.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1105 Abstract ( 497 )   PDF (3692KB) ( 114 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to reduce the obesity rate and the incidence of metabolic disorders by regular physical activity is a hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity circuit training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome markers in overweight or obese males. METHODS: Twenty-three middle-aged overweight or obese males were randomly assigned to high-intensity circuit training or control groups. All participants underwent 3-minute step test to obtain the fitness index. The high-intensity circuit training was maximal effort to complete 12 exercises, with each workout of 30 seconds and rest interval for 15 seconds, 6 times weekly for 12 weeks (72 times in total). The control group underwent daily activity. All the variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with baseline and control group, high-intensity circuit training significantly decreased the body fat percentage, fat mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, fasting blood-glucose, serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterin cholesterol (P < 0.05). The fitness index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterin cholesterol were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Therefore, 12 weeks of high-intensity circuit training, around 60 minutes each week, can improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome markers in overweight or obese males. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of PTEN-Long inhibits the growth of human glioma U251 cell in nude mice xenografts Geng Lianting¹, Li Chunhui², Shan Xiaosong², Zheng Yabei¹, Zeng Zhaomu¹, Zheng Kebin² 2019, 23 (11):  1743-1748.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1140 Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (4219KB) ( 121 )   Save BACKGROUND: PTEN-Long is a translational variant of phosohatase and tensin homolgue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), which is a newly discovered tumor suppressor gene and is closely related to the development of various tumors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effect of PTEN-Long on the growth of U251 cells (human glioma cells) in nude mice xenografts and related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Human glioma cell U251 was purchased from the National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource in Beijing. U251 not infected with lentivirus was used as control group. U251 infected with LV-EGFP was empty group. U251 infected with LV-PTEN-Long-EGFP was overexpressed group. Transfection efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscopy and western blot assay. BALB/c-nu male nude mice purchased from Beijing Huakang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. were randomly divided into three groups, and the three groups of cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the back of nude mice. The general condition and tumor growth trend were observed. The volume and weight of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice were analyzed. The expression levels of PTEN-Long, p-Akt and NF-κB p65 protein in tumors were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND COUNCLUSION: Overexpression of PTEN-Long inhibited the proliferation of subcutaneous glioma cells in nude mice. Compared with the control group and the empty group, the overexpressed group was in poor condition, tumor volume and weight were decreased (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of PTEN-Long (P < 0.05) was increased, and the expression levels of p-Akt and NF-κB p65 were decreased (P < 0.05). In summary, overexpression of PTEN-Long inhibits the growth of U251 cells in nude mice, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cornus officinalis glycosides intervening bone metabolism in rat models of osteoporosis: changes of TRPV6 and TRPV5 pathways Li Shaoshuo1, Zhao Jingtao1, 2, He Changqiang3, Sun Hanqiao4, Ruan Guanlong1 2019, 23 (11):  1749-1754.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1138 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (1229KB) ( 101 )   Save BACKGROUND: Regulation of calcium channel directly affects bone metabolism, but the correlation of bone metabolism with TRPV6/TRPV5 pathways remains unclear. Cornus officinalis has been shown to treat and prevent osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Cornus officinalis glycosides underlying intervening the expression of TRPV6 and TRPV5 for preventing and treating osteoporosis. METHODS: Fifty healthy 6-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (provide by Lanoratory Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Chiense Medicine) were selected, weighting (350±15) g. The rats were randomly divided into control (normal saline treatment), model (normal saline treatment), low-, medium, and high-dose Cornus officinalis glycosides groups. The model of osteoporosis was established by bilateral ovariectomy in the latter four groups. The administration was given gastricly, and for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the bone mineral density was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The expression levels of TRPV6 and TRPV5 in the right femur were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone mineral density in the Cornus officinalis glycosides groups was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). TRPV6 and TRPV5 were expressed in bone tissues of rats in each group. The expression levels of TRPV6 and TRPV5 in all the Cornus officinalis glycosides groups were higher than those in the control and model groups. The medium dose group had the highest expression levels of TRPV6 and TRPV5. The ratio of TRPV6 to TRPV5 and osteogenesis performance in the high-dose group was highest. These results imply that Cornus officinalis glycosides can promote the expression of TRPV6 and TRPV5 in bone tissue of osteoporotic rats, change the ratio of TRPV6 to TRPV5, affect the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, promote osteogenesis and improve bone mineral density. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A new model of post-stroke depression established by ischemia/reperfusion combined with unpredictable stress  Zhao Bingbing, Li Tao, Wang Dou, Zhou Qi, Yan Yongmei 2019, 23 (11):  1755-1760.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1107 Abstract ( 519 )   PDF (1297KB) ( 98 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal models of post-stroke depression are established by stroke combined with depression induction, and each modeling method has its own advantages and shortcomings. A new modeling method is needed. OBJECTIVE: To explore a stable and replicable model of post-stroke depression through behavioral assessment and brain tissue neurotransmitter detection. METHODS: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting (200±20) g provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University were enrolled. Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups and then underwent 30, 60 and 90 minutes of ischemia/reperfusion. The survival rate of rats was observed after 24 hours, and the scores of neurological function deficit and the volume of cerebral infarct were evaluated. The optimal time points of ischemia/reperfusion were determined. The remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion, and post-stroke depression groups. Forced swimming test, open field test, the novelty-suppressed feeding test, sucrose preference test and body mass change were used to evaluate rat depression behaviors before and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after stimulation. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain tissue were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal time point 60 minutes was determined for subsequent ischemia/reperfusion. Behavioral evaluation showed that compared with the middle cerebral artery occlusion group, body mass, sucrose preference test and the vertical and horizontal movement scores of the open field test began to decrease at 2 weeks in the post-stroke depression group (P < 0.05). The latency of the novelty-suppressed feeding and the time of forced swimming test were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results of ELISA showed that 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the post-stroke depression group were significantly lower than those in the middle cerebral artery occlusion group (P < 0.05). Our findings imply that the post-stroke depression model can be established by 60-minute ischemia/reperfusion combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress. The models are stable, have a high survival rate and many clinical characteristics of post-stroke depression. It may become a new and reliable model for the study of post-stroke depression. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Myokine, adipo-myokine and adipokine: recognition of the function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue Liao Shuaixiong1, Zhang Guodong2, Song Gang1, 3 2019, 23 (11):  1761-1766.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1096 Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (1156KB) ( 84 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ, and adipose tissue is an energy storage tissue. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the myokine, adipo-myokine and adipokine secreted by skeletal muscle and adiposes by literature retrieval. METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI databases were retrieved for the literature published from January 1987 to June 2018 with the keywords of “myokine, adipo-myokine, adipokine, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 59 eligible articles were included for result analysis after excluding the irrelevant and repetitive articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the past 30 years, the secretory functions of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue have been found, whose secretion may be “exercise factor” that is a bridge between exercise and health. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines and peptides secreted by myocytes and adiposes, which hold the functions of autocrin, paracrin and endocrine. Myokines can reverse the damage caused by adipokines and exerts anti-inflammatory action. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Causes, assessment and treatment strategies of sarcopenia in older adults Wang Kun1, 2, Luo Jiong1, 2, Liu Li1, 2, Ouyang Yiyi1, 2 2019, 23 (11):  1767-1773.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1104 Abstract ( 759 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 147 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of the aging trend of the population, the incidence of sarcopenia in older adults has obviously increased all over the world. As one of the countries with more serious aging, a unified understanding of sarcopenia has not yet formed in China. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the research on senile sarcopenia by domestic and foreign scholars, and to further reveal its etiological mechanism, adverse influential factors and treatment strategies, so as to provide theoretical and practical reference for the effective prevention, mitigation and treatment of sarcopenia. METHODS: A retrieval of Elsevier SDOL, PubMed, Ovid Medline and CNKI databases was conducted for the literature regarding sarcopenia and aging published before May, 2018. The literature screen was performed based on inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sarcopenia, as a chronic age-related disease, is closely related to the aging of population. Although its pathogenesis is complex, aging, lack of physical activity, nutrition deficiency, hormone secretion and disease are the inducing factors of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia may lead to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in the older adults, and reduce the living comfort, hindering the normal physiological activities and even resulting in disability or death. Sarcopenia is often evaluated using the standard of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia from the perspectives of muscle volume, muscle strength and physiological performance. The evaluation method of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia is more suitable for the structural characteristics of Asian muscles. There is no drug that can be used to cure senile sarcopenia. The better treatment method is to enhance the muscle volume, muscle strength and muscle function of the older adults through physical exercise, with resistance exercise combined with aerobic exercise to reduce the incidence of senile sarcopenia. While the intake of protein and vitamin D is critical for reducing the loss of muscle and activating muscle strength and function of older adults. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eccentric exercise training against aging: problems in physiological benefits Peng Jie1, Luo Jiong2, Song Gang2 2019, 23 (11):  1774-1780.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1099 Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 66 )   Save BACKGROUND: Centrifugal systolic exercise training may be an effective way to maintain physiological function and anti-aging in the elderly, but the true effect of centrifugal systolic exercise on anti-aging or health promotion in the elderly on anti-aging is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of centrifugal systolic exercise for delaying aging. METHODS: Elsevier Science-direct, Medline, EM, CNKI, and CJFD databases were retrieved for the articles published from 1995 to 2018. The key words were “centrifugal contraction, centripetal contraction, isometric contraction, enhanced training, centrifugal contraction training, aging, physical fitness, physiology, and blood biochemistry”. A total of 298 articles were obtained, and 46 eligible articles were included for analysis and discussion according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The old people show low aerobic requirement and high tension during centrifugal contraction, and the improvement of muscle strength and muscle quality is better than centripetal training. Centrifugal contraction training can induce changes in mechanical properties and muscle morphology of the elderly and increase the sensitivity of type I single muscle fibers to Ca2+. Centrifugal contraction training has positive effects on enhancing tendon stiffness, improving muscle fiber contraction speed and increasing bone density in the elderly. Centrifugal contraction training is easy to cause minor muscle damage and delayed muscle ache symptoms in the elderly, and familiarity with centrifugal contraction training form and load intensity is essential. Centrifugal contraction exercise has many positive effects on anti-aging, but whether there are differences in the effect of long-term centrifugal contraction training in the elderly, whether it is more likely to cause muscle injury and pain risk, whether compound centrifugal training is more effective and more comfortable than any single centrifugal trainings, whether conscious comfort level can be used as the best way to control the intensity of centrifugal contraction training in the elderly need further investigation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of aerobic exercise improving chronic heart failure by irisin Wu Jiangbo1, 2, Xie Anqing3, Zhang Yong2 2019, 23 (11):  1781-1787.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1115 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 94 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure is closely related to the homeostasis of myocardial mitochondria and disorders of myocardial energy metabolism. As a proton pump on the membrane of mitochondria, uncoupling protein 2 is closely related to myocardial oxidative stress, energy metabolism and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. It plays an extremely important part in the pathophysiological process of myocardium. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of irisin on chronic heart failure and explore the mechanism of aerobic exercise improving chronic heart failure by irisin. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to search relevant articles concerning irisin and chronic heart failure published from 2001 to 2018, using the keywords “aerobic exercise, irisin, chronic heart failure” in English and Chinese, respectively. After removal of repetitive and irrelevant articles, 53 eligible articles were finally reviewed, including 45 English and 8 Chinese articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Irisin may inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and simulate the good benefits of aerobic exercise. Irisin plays an important role in aerobic exercise improving chronic heart failure and serves as a potential target for exercise therapy for heart failure. Long-term aerobic exercise may improve heart failure through the irisin/reactive oxygen species/uncoupling protein 2 pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons in sensory neuropathic pain Wang Xianbin, Li Liyan 2019, 23 (11):  1788-1793.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0587 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 122 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although the studies on mechanism of neuropathic pain have made great progress, most of the studies focused on neurons, and little is known about satellite glial cells.  OBJECTIVE: To analyze the interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons in dorsal root ganglion in sensory neuropathic pain. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, SinoMed, and other databases was conducted to retrieve literature addressing satellite glial cells, sensory neurons, dorsal root ganglia, and neuropathic pain. The keywords were “satellite glial cells, sensory neurons, dorsal root ganglion, neuropathic pain” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 61 eligible studies were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Satellite glial cells and neurons form an independent functional unit. Between them, information is transmitted through gap links, neurotransmitters, and ion channels. Satellite glial cells take glutamic acid to maintain the extracellular level of glutamic acid, thereby maintaining the excitement of neurons. Satellite glial cells play an important role in the maintenance and development of neuropathic pain, and Fractalkine is an important factor in pain development. Therefore, inhibiting fractalkine/CX3CR1 signal transduction in satellite glial cells is the treatment target. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Resolvin E1 inhibits periodontitis and promotes reconstruction of periodontal tissue Cai Zhiguo, Liu Qi, Du Shasha, Yang Kun 2019, 23 (11):  1794-1798.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1114 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (970KB) ( 51 )   Save BACKGROUND: Resolvin E1 can effectively inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration and induce macrophages to swallow hazardous substances, and thus alleviates inflammation. Moreover, its effect on improving periodontitis has been preliminarily confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of resolvin E1 on promoting the pathologic regression of periodontitis and its potential significance. METHODS: Articles addressing resolvin E1 and periodontitis published from 1996 to 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, CBM and CNKI databases. The keywords were “resolving E1, periodontitis, leukocyte, platelet, reactive oxygen species, macrophages, inflammatory factor, osteoblast, osteoclast” in English and Chinese, respectively. Thirty-three articles were included to analyze the research advance regarding resolvin E1 in the repair of periodontitis and tissue regeneration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the clinical therapeutic pathway cannot solve the inflammatory reaction and irreversible loss of periodontal tissue effectively, so an effective way to control the inflammatory process and treat periodontitis is urgently needed. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that resolvin E1 has a good therapeutic effect on periodontitis in animals and cell models. Resolvin E1, as an agonist or partial agonist of specific G protein-coupled receptor (chemokine receptor 23, leukotriene B4), can trigger a series of specific responses and reverse inflammation progression, which may provide a new direction for inversing the pathology of periodontal disease. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Junctophilin and excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles Li Wenhui 2019, 23 (11):  1799-1804.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1094 Abstract ( 531 )   PDF (1010KB) ( 70 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is the power organ in human, and its excitation-contraction coupling structure and efficacy play important roles in movement and sport abilities of players. Junctophilin can sustain the ultrastructure of thribble and constitutes the coupling membrane complex, thus providing a structural basis for signal transduction between cell membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum.  OBJECTIVE: To summarize the fascia, thribble and excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle, as well as type and function of junctophilin, and its association with diseases. METHODS: CBM, CNKI, PubMed and Elsevier databases were searched for the articles concerning excitation-contraction coupling of skeletal muscle and junctophilin published from September 1987 to April 2018. The keywords were “skeletal muscle, fascia, the triad junction, excitation-contraction coupling, junctophilins” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 39 eligible articles were enrolled after excluding irrelevant articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Thribble is the foundational structure for excitation-contraction coupling, whose transverse tubule is the extension of fascia. There are some small-molecule proteins on the thribble membrane, which are critical for sustaining the structure and function of thribble. Meanwhile, junctophilin is an important bridge between longitudinal and transverse tubules of thribble. Junctophilin 1 is an important factor on the membrane of thribble and a part of the coupling membrane complex, which connects the cytoplasmic membrane with sarcoplasmic reticulum, and thereby sustains the normal morphology and count of the thribble. Thereafter, calcium signal transduction remains normal, which ensures the process of excitation-contraction coupling. Junctophilin damage is related to various diseases, so it is a promising target for disease treatment and provides idea for molecular intervention. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics