Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6345-6353.doi: 10.12307/2026.237
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Xia Caigui, Li Wei, Su Yuying, Shi Yu, Yang Zhonghe
Received:2025-07-29
Revised:2025-10-19
Online:2026-08-28
Published:2026-02-04
Contact:
Li Wei, PhD, Professor, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
About author:Xia Caigui, MS candidate, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
CLC Number:
Xia Caigui, Li Wei, Su Yuying, Shi Yu, Yang Zhonghe. Effects of antioxidant pretreatment on skeletal muscle damage and oxidative stress following acute high-intensity exercise: a meta-analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(24): 6345-6353.
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2.1 文献筛选结果 初步从各数据库共检索文献945篇,经过Endnote 20软件去重后得到690篇文献,排除不相关文献612篇后,对所剩的78篇文献全文阅读,最终剩余12篇[32-43]。文献纳入的具体流程见图1。 2.2 纳入文献的基本特征 最终剩余12篇文献,总计16份研究报告纳入此次Meta分析。其中从赵广高等(2008)[33]、张慧等(2011)[35]、赵广高等(2012)[36]及范子哲等(2020)[38]的文献中提取研究2份。16份研究报告共计264名受试者,11篇文献为运动员,1篇文献为规律运动人群,年龄为17-42岁;试验组采用抗氧化剂预处理,对照组采用安慰剂预处理。预处理时间为0.5 h-49 d,以血清肌酸激酶、血清白细胞介素6、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物、血清丙二醛、总抗氧化能力为结局指标。详细的基本特征见表2。 2.3 纳入研究的质量评价 使用物理治疗证据量表对纳入的12篇文献进行规范的质量性评价[32-43],其中较高质量文献有7篇[32-38],高质量文献5篇[39-43]。研究被试纳入条件明确,均能够按照随机分配的方式完成实验方案,测量报告完整。英文文献均使用分配隐藏与双盲方式干预,中文文献基本采用单盲形式,较少使用分配隐藏。整体上,纳入的所有文献得分均不少于6分,表明方法学的质量较高(表3)。 2.4 Meta分析结果 此次Meta分析中,将抗氧化剂大于500 mg归类为高剂量,低剂量为不超过500 mg;短期预处理为不超过14 d,长期为大于14 d预处理。故将各个研究报告分为低剂量短期、低剂量长期、高剂量短期以及高剂量长期预处理亚组。 2.4.1 血清肌酸激酶 共有8个研究报告对血清肌酸激酶进行分析[35,38-41,43],I2=21%,P=0.26,同质性较好,因此采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示,抗氧化剂预处理组的肌酸激酶值低于对照组[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.63,0.00),P=0.05],其中低剂量短期抗氧化剂预处理[SMD=-0.24,95%CI(-0.71,0.22),P=0.31]、低剂量长期预处理[SMD=-0.42,95%CI(-1.00,0.16),P=0.15]、高剂量短期预处理[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.94,0.32),P=0.33]的肌酸激酶含量与对照组相比差异无显著性意义,但低剂量长期预处理降低肌酸激酶含量的效果最好(图2)。 2.4.2 血清白细胞介素6 共有6个研究报告对血清白细胞介素6进行分析[33,38-39,41],I2=39%,P=0.14,存在轻度异质性,故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示,抗氧化剂预处理组的白细胞介素6含量显著低于对照[SMD=-0.66,95%CI(-1.03,-0.29),P=0.000 5],其中低剂量短期[SMD=-0.94,95%CI(-1.62,-0.25),P=0.007]与高剂量短期[SMD=-0.95,95%CI(-1.61,-0.28),P=0.005]预处理抗氧化剂的白细胞介素6含量与对照组相比有显著性差异,且高剂量短期预处理抗氧化剂更能有效降低白细胞介素6水平。低剂量长期组的白细胞介素6水平与对照组相比差异无显著性意义[SMD=-0.24,95%CI(-0.82,0.33),P=0.41](图3)。 2.4.3 血清丙二醛 共有7个研究报告对血清丙二醛水平进行分析[32,34,36-38],I2=79%,P < 0.000 01,存在高度异质性,因此采用随机效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示:抗氧化剂预处理组的丙二醛含量显著低于对照组[SMD=-1.10,95%CI(-1.96,-0.23),P=0.01]。其中低剂量短期组[SMD=-1.15,95%CI(-2.18,-0.12),P=0.03]的丙二醛含量与对照组相比有显著性差异;高剂量短期预处理组[SMD=-1.03,"
95%CI(-2.49,0.42),P=0.16]的丙二醛含量与对照组相比差异无显著性意义(图4)。 2.4.4 血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物 共5个研究报告对血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性进行分析[36,38,42],I2=0%,P=0.57,结果间不存在异质性,故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示,抗氧化剂预处理组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性相比对照组有显著性差异[SMD=1.33,95%CI(0.87,1.78),P < 0.000 01]。因高剂量长期预处理组的研究仅1份,故只对低剂量长期组和高剂量长期组进行组间比较,发现低剂量短期预处理组[SMD=1.34,95%CI(0.64,2.04),P=0.000 2]和高剂量短期预处理组[SMD=1.72,95%CI(0.97,2.46),P < 0.000 01]的谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性相比对照组均有显著性差异,但高剂量短期预处理组更能有效地提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性(图5)。 2.4.5 总抗氧化能力 共2个研究报告对总抗氧化能力进行分析[36],I2=0%,P=0.92,结果间不存在异质性,因此采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示,抗氧化剂预处理组的总抗氧化能力相比对照组有显著性差异[MD=4.77,95%CI(3.87,5.67),P < 0.000 01](图6)。 2.5 敏感性分析 针对丙二醛含量指标存在的显著异质性(I2=79%),此次研究通过亚组分析系统考察了抗氧化剂预处理类型、周期、剂量及受试者训练水平等潜在影响因素。如表4所示,经分层解析发现,赵广高等(2012b)[36]采用的联合抗氧化剂预处理方案(维生素C+维生素E+硒,总剂量1 100.2 mg/d)与其他研究的单一抗氧化剂干预模式存在显著差异,这可能是构成异质性的主要来源。敏感性分析证实,剔除该研究后整体异质性从79%显"
著下降至45%,表明该研究对异质性贡献率较大。进一步分析该研究后发现,其研究对象为24名二级及以上水平运动员,实施周期14 d的联合抗氧化剂预处理(维生素C 500 mg+维生素E 600 mg+硒200 μg/d)。这些参数与其他研究的单一抗氧化剂补充方案(如单纯补充大蒜素或维生素E)形成显著方法学差异。当排除该研究后,合并效应量由原-1.10(95%CI:-1.96,-0.23)提升至-1.44(95%CI:-2.01,-0.87),且统计学显著性进一步增强(P < 0.000 01),见图7。因此,尽管该研究对整体异质性产生显著影响,但考虑到其研究人群(等级运动员)的代表性及干预方案的实践价值,经综合评估仍建议保留该研究进行合并分析。 当剔除赵广高等(2012b)[36]研究报告后,丙二醛含量指标的异质性为45%(P=0.10),因而此次研究根据周期、剂量及训练水平为分组依据进行进一步亚组分析。结果显示:以训练水平为依据的亚组分析后,两组的异质性明显降低,其中等级运动员组I2=34%(P > 0.1),一般运动员组I2=0%(P > 0.1),亚组分析显示显著的组间异质性(I2=79.7%)。这提示训练水平可能是导致异质性较高的主要原因。另外,从图8可见,抗氧化剂预处理均能显著降低一般运动员(P < 0.000 01)和等级运动员(P=0.004)在急性剧烈运动后的丙二醛水平,且一般运动员预处理后效果显著优于等级运动员(P < 0.05)。 2.6 发表偏倚分析 当纳入Meta分析的文献少于10篇时,不建议使用漏斗图进行发表偏倚分析[44],运用Egger检验后,由于总抗氧化能力分析仅纳入2篇文献,故不对总抗氧化能力含量进行Egger检验。如图9-12所示,对肌酸激酶、白细胞介素6、丙二醛水平以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物活性进行Egger检验后发现,纳入肌酸激酶、白细胞介素6、谷胱甘肽过氧化物指标的文献均无明显的发表偏倚(P > 0.1),纳入白细胞介素6指标的文献有明显的发表偏倚(表5)。但对纳入白细胞介素6指标的文献进行Trim and fill检验后,结果表明,无研究剪补,合并效应量为-0.658(约-0.66),异质性低,结果较为稳健。"
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