Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6354-6364.doi: 10.12307/2026.234
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Traditional Chinese sports intervene in sarcopenia and its complications in the elderly: a meta-analysis on improving muscle strength, mass, and physical function
Chu Rui1, Li Mingming1, Xie Yeshou1, Ni Tao2, Du Yinuo1
- 1School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China; 2Physical Education College of Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Received:2025-09-04Revised:2025-10-19Online:2026-08-28Published:2026-02-04 -
Contact:Xie Yeshou, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China -
About author:Chu Rui, MS, School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China -
Supported by:Anhui Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project, No. AHSKY2023D076 (to XYS)
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Cite this article
Chu Rui, Li Mingming, Xie Yeshou, Ni Tao, Du Yinuo. Traditional Chinese sports intervene in sarcopenia and its complications in the elderly: a meta-analysis on improving muscle strength, mass, and physical function[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(24): 6354-6364.
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2.1 文献检索结果 此次研究全面检索多个国内外电子数据库，初检出相关文献1 451篇，首先运用EndNote进行查重处理，剔除重复文献154篇，剩余有效文献1 297篇；通过阅读标题与摘要进行初筛，依据研究主题和关键词共排除不相关文献1 243篇；按照预先制定的纳入与排除标准对剩余文献进行全文精读评估，最终纳入21项符合要求的研究[23-29，34-47]。 文献筛选流程详见图2。 2.2 纳入文献的特征 表2系统归纳了纳入文献的受试者特征、试验分组设计、运动干预方案以及用于评估老年肌少症及其合并症干预效果的结局指标。21项研究均为随机对照试验，试验受试者均为患有肌少症或合并骨质疏松的肌少骨质疏松症、合并肥胖的肌少症性肥胖与同时出现肥胖并伴有骨量减少的骨肌少症性肥胖的老年人，平均年龄70.3岁，符合老年肌少症研究对象的典型年龄特征；其中有19项研究所纳入的受试者年龄在65-75岁之间，表明该年龄段肌少症及其合并症患者是当前中国传统运动干预研究的主要人群。 纳入文献的运动干预方案主要包含运动方式、干预周期、运动频率和运动时间4个方面，"
仅有少量研究对运动干预所采用的强度进行了说明。6项研究采用太极拳[23-24，26-28，46]、9项研究采用易筋经[29，36，38-42，45，47]、6项研究采用八段锦作为运动干预手段[25，34-35，37，43-44]；干预周期介于4-72周，其中12周的运动周期占比最高，达45.5%(10项)；每周运动频率为2-5次，每周3次的运动频率占比达63.6%(14项)；单次运动干预时长为20-60 min，每次30 min的运动时长占比为40.9%(9项)。 2.3 纳入研究的偏倚风险 纳入文献的偏倚风险评估结果见图3，其中1篇文献判定为A级，21篇文献判定为B级，文献总体质量良好。 2.4 Meta分析结果 2.4.1 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者握力的影响 有11项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者握力的干预效果，共纳入研究对象338例[23-27，29，34-35，37-38，47]。异质性检验结果显示各研究间的异质性较低(I2=18%，P=0.27)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.203，表明此次纳入的研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的握力(MD=1.83，95%CI：1.65，2.01，P < 0.000 01)，见图4。 针对中国传统运动在不同干预参数条件下对患者握力的干预效应，亚组分析结果显示：根据效应值与P值比较，在不同的中国传统运动中，易筋经的改善效果最佳(MD=2.58，95%CI：1.30，3.85，P < 0.001)；在运动周期方面，≤8周的干预效果最佳(MD=2.06，95%CI：1.76，2.35，P < 0.001)，每周干预≤3次的改善"
效果最佳(MD=1.77，95%CI：1.42，2.12，P < 0.001)，单次运动> 30 min的改善效果最佳(MD=1.92，95%CI：1.37，2.47，P < 0.001)，见表3。"
为进一步提高运动处方制定的针对性，此次研究对各类中国传统运动在不同干预参数条件下对患者握力改善的效应量进行了亚组分析，结果显示：对于太极拳，干预> 12周、每周干预> 3次且单次运动> 30 min的改善效果最佳；对于八段锦，干预≤8周、每周干预> 3次且单次运动≤30 min的改善效果最佳；对于易筋经，干预> 12周、每周干预> 3次且单次运动≤30 min的改善效果最佳，见表4。 2.4.2 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者膝关节肌肉力量的影响 有3项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者膝关节肌肉力量的干预效果，共纳入研究对象89例[36，42，46]。 异质性检验结果显示各研究间不存在异质性(I2=0%，P=0.41)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.970，表明此次纳入的"
研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者膝关节肌肉力量(MD=5.98，95%CI：3.85，8.11，P < 0.000 01)，见图5。鉴于纳入研究在干预参数方面具有较高的同质性，故未对该指标进行亚组分析。 2.4.3 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数的影响 7项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数的影响，共纳入研究对象229例[23，25，27-28，38，44，47]。异质性检验结果显示各研究间异质性较低(I2=9%，P=0.36)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.961，表明此次纳入的研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的四肢骨骼肌质量(MD=0.22，95%CI：0.10，0.34，P=0.000 4)，见图6。 初步对中国传统运动整体在不同干预参数下对老年肌少症及其合并症患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数的干预效果进行比对，亚组分析结果显示：根据效应值与P值比较结果，在各类中国传统运动中八段锦的改善效果最佳(MD=0.38，95%CI：0.18，0.58，P < 0.001)；运动> 8周且≤12周(MD=0.33，95%CI：0.17，0.49，P < 0.001)、每周干预≤3次(MD=0.27，95%CI：0.09，0.46，P=0.004)、单次运动> 30 min (MD=0.38，95%CI：0.16-0.60，P < 0.001)提升患者四肢骨骼肌质量的效果最佳，见表5。 由于太极拳与易筋经在初步亚组分析中显示对患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数的改善并不显著，因此，亚组分析仅针对八段锦在不同干预"
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参数下产生的效应量进行分析，结果显示：运动干预12周、每周干预≤3次及单次运动> 30 min对患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数的改善效果最佳，见表6。需注意的是，由于相关研究数量较少，此次研究纳入的八段锦干预周期均为12周，因此无法比较不同运动干预周期下的效果差异。"
2.4.4 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者步速的影响 有6项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者步速的干预效果，共纳入研究对象130例[23-25，28，34，47]。异质性检验结果显示各研究间存在中等异质性(I2=0%，P=0.60)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.504，表明此次纳入的研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的步速(MD=0.12，95%CI：0.09，0.16，P < 0.000 01)，见图7。 初步对中国传统运动整体在不同干预参数下对老年肌少症及其合并症患者步速的干预效果进行比对，亚组分析结果显示，根据效应值与P值，在不同的中国传统运动中，太极拳(MD=0.11，95%CI：0.06，0.16，P < 0.001)与八段锦(MD=0.13，95%CI：0.09，0.18，P < 0.001)均可显著提升患者步速；运动> 12周(MD=0.13，95%CI：0.09，0.16，P < 0.001)、每周> 3次(MD=0.13，95%CI：0.09，0.16，P < 0.001)、单次运动> 30 min(MD=0.12，95%CI：0.07，0.18，P < 0.001)与≤30 min(MD=0.12，95%CI：0.08，0.16，P < 0.001)的干预效果最佳，见表7。"
由于易筋经在初步亚组分析中显示对患者步速的改善并不显著，因此亚组分析仅针对八段锦与太极拳在不同干预参数下产生的效应量进行分析，结果显示：八段锦运动干预12周、每周干预3次及单次运动> 30 min对患者步速的改善效果最佳；太极拳干预> 12周、每周干预> 3次、单次运动≤30 min对患者步速的改善效果最佳，见表8。需注意的是，由于相关研究数量较少，此次研究纳入的八段锦干预周期均为12周，干预频率均为每周3次，因此无法比较不同运动干预周期与频率下的效果差异。"
2.4.5 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者坐立测试的影响 有5项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者坐立测试的干预效果，共纳入研究对象186例[35，38-39，41，45]。异质性检验结果显示各研究间存在中等异质性(I2=43%，P=0.13)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.691，表明此次纳入的研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的坐立测试成绩(MD=1.92，95%CI：1.41，2.43，P < 0.000 01)，见图8。 初步对中国传统运动整体在不同干预参数下对老年肌少症及其合并症患者坐立测试的干预效果进行比对，亚组分析结果显示，根据效应值与P值，在不同的中国传统运动中，易筋经(MD=1.93，95%CI：1.10，2.76，P < 0.001)八段锦(MD=2.27，95%CI：0.33，4.21，P=0.022)均可显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的坐立测试成绩；8周干预周期(MD=2.17，95%CI：0.90，3.43，P < 0.001)、每周干预5次(MD=2.17，95%CI：0.98，3.36，P < 0.001)与单次运动> 40 min(MD=2.17，95%CI：0.98，3.36，P < 0.001)对老年肌少症及其合并症坐立测试成绩效果的改善效果最佳，见表9。"
由于相关研究数量受限，在分析中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者坐立测试成绩的效应量时，仅成功纳入1项采用八段锦进行干预的研究，未纳入采用太极拳进行干预的研究，因此亚组分析仅针对易筋经在不同干预参数下产生的效应量进行分析，结果显示：易筋经干预8周、每周干预5次及单次运动≤40 min对老年肌少症及其合并症患者坐立测试成绩的改善效果最佳，见表10。"
2.4.6 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走计时测试的影响 有7项随机对照试验报告了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走测试的干预效果，共纳入研究对象137例[24-25，28，35，40，43，46]。由于所纳入的研究测试中对站立-行走测试所采用的计量单位不同，因此该项分析采用SMD计算效应量。异质性检验结果显示各研究间的异质性较低(I2=7%，P=0.38)，采用固定效应模型；采用Egger’s检验评估纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.874，表明此次纳入研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的站立-行走测试成绩(SMD=-1.00，95%CI：-1.25，-0.74，P < 0.000 01)，见图9。 初步对中国传统运动整体在不同干预参数下对老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走测试成绩的干预效果进行比对，亚组分析结果显示，根据效应值与P值，在不同的中国传统运动中，八段锦(SMD=-1.19，95%CI：-1.62，-0.76，P < 0.001)可显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的站立-行走测试成绩；干预≤12周(SMD=-1.08，95%CI：-1.38，-0.79，P < 0.001)、每周干预≤3次(SMD=-1.12，95%CI：-1.45，-0.78，P < 0.001)与单次运动时间≤30 min(SMD=-1.19，95%CI：-1.79，-0.64， P < 0.001)改善老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走测试成绩的效果最佳，见表11。"
由于太极拳在初步亚组分析中对老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走测试成绩的改善并不显著，并且仅纳入了一项采用易筋经作为干预手段的相关研究，因此亚组分析仅针对八段锦在不同干预参数下产生的效应量进行分析，结果显示：八段锦干预> 12周、每周干 预≤3次及单次运动> 30 min且≤40 min对老年肌少症及其合并症患者站立-行走测试成绩的改善效果最佳，见表12。"
2.4.7 中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者简易体能状况表成绩的影响 4项随机对照试验系统探讨了中国传统运动对老年肌少症及其合并症患者简易机体功能评估成绩的干预效果，涉及研究对象154例[24-25，38，44]。 异质性检验结果显示各研究间存在中等异质性(I2=40%，P=0.17)，采用固定效应模型；采用"
Egger’s检验评估所纳入研究的发表偏倚，结果显示P=0.496，表明各研究不存在发表偏倚，结果具有可靠性。Meta分析结果显示，中国传统运动能够显著提升老年肌少症及其合并症患者的简易体能状况表成绩(MD=1.12，95%CI：0.77，1.46，P < 0.000 01)，见图10。 鉴于纳入研究在干预参数方面具有较高的同质性，故未对该指标进行亚组分析。 2.5 敏感性分析 采用逐一剔除法对各项结局指标进行敏感性分析，结果显示各研究的合并效应量未发生显著变化(图11)，表明此次Meta分析的结果具有较高的稳健性。"
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