Systematic review of the effects of education on medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.05.027

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Medical stuff have significant impacts on the development of organ donation and transplantation, however, medical students present insufficient knowledge and ambivalent attitude towards organ donation and transplantation.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a systemic review on the effectiveness of educational program intervention on medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation.
METHODS: PubMed, WILEY ONLINE LIBRARY, ProQuest Health, Medline, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were fully searched for the published literature of medical students receiving an educational program intervention on organ donation and transplantation. According to the inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental study were evaluated with the standard of Joanna Briggs Institute. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework was used to guide the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies. The outcomes were mainly medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight studies from three countries were summarized. The methods were employed in two studies of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experiment received a high quality rating, five studies received middle quality rating and one study received low quality rating. Educational program increased the knowledge in six studies, and changed the attitudes in six studies. Educational program intervention is a significant strategy to increase medical student’s knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. The majority of involved study are quasi-experiment study, so more high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Organ Transplantation, Education

CLC Number:

R318

Zhang Wen-xin, Teng Sha, Peng Xiao, Lin Xiao-hong, Liu Hong-xia. Systematic review of the effects of education on medical students’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(5): 810-814.

Figures/Tables 2

4 021篇文章被检索到，评估了21篇全文，纳入8篇符合系统评价的文章[17-24]。文献筛选流程见图1。 2.1 纳入研究的基本特征在纳入的8篇文献中，5篇来源于美国，2篇来源于加拿大，1篇来源于意大利，发表时间在1998至2012年，样本量范围18-344名。有1篇为随机对照试验[17]，其余研究为自身前后对照的类实验研究，测量教育项目实施前后医学生认知、态度的改变有无统计学意义，纳入文献中随机对照试验的对照组为没有接受器官捐献教育，见表1。纳入研究的文献中，教育内容主要包括：器官供需现状、器官捐献的神秘感、对器官捐献存在的误解、捐献的标准和程序、器官捐献手术、器官捐献的相关法律和伦理道德问题等。教育的形式是通过知识小册子、网络资料、视频、器官征募工作人员、移植受者等向医学生进行器官捐献教育，教育前后以问卷形式收集相关数据。其中有1篇研究的干预措施是以理论框架为基础的[17]，Debra应用理性行为理论和PRECEED/PROCEED模式对护理学生进行器官捐献和移植知识教育。2篇研究的调查工具信度经过测定[17，24]。 2.2 研究方法的质量评价纳入研究的文献中，被评为高质量的有2篇[17，24]，中等质量的有5篇[18-19，21-23]，低质量的有1篇[20]。纳入文献中的研究对象以方便抽样取得，随机对照试验中没有说明随机方法，质量评价结果由两名评价人员共同取得，其余研究均未说明。因本身自身前后对照试验比较多，质量本身就低，所以不对各文献进行分级评估。 2.3 结果分析 2.3.1 器官捐献知识所纳入的文献中有6篇研究了教育对提高医学生器官捐献和移植认知水平的效果，研究显示教育能提高医学生对器官捐献和移植的认知水平，结局指标通过问卷调查形式获得，问卷由3-18个问题组成，通过教育前后的得分做出统计推断。 2.3.2 器官捐献态度所纳入的文献中有6篇研究了教育对医学生器官捐献和移植态度改变的效果，研究结果通过自制问卷或量表所得；对这6篇文献研究结果显示，教育对医学生器官捐献和移植态度的改变是具有统计学意义。Whisenant[17]用《器官捐献度量表》评价教育对大学生器官捐献和移植态度的效果，该量表有积极维度和消极维度两部分组成，量表的内在一致性为0.91和0.89。"

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