Pure red cell aplasia follows allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a two-case report and literature review

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1543

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pure red blood cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation delays the recovery of erythroid hematopoiesis and prolongs the conversion time of blood type, eventually resulting in a series of complications. Therefore, attentions should be paid to the treatment and prevention of pure red blood cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to accelerate the erythroid implantation after transplantation. At present, the incidence and risk factors of pure red blood cell aplasia are inconclusive, and there is also no standard guide for the diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors and treatments of pure red cell aplasia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
METHODS: Two patients with acute leukemia, who had received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning from sibling donor, were enrolled. The blood types of the patients and the donors were O positive and A positive, respectively. The two patients developed pure red cell aplasia at day +44 and day +58, respectively. Here, we reviewed the diagnosis and treatment process with literature.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One patient recovered by the treatment with rituximab, high-dose methylprednisolone, and plasma exchange. The other patient benefited from the treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone, rituximab, and bortezomib, and the patient’s blood routine parameters recovered gradually after 5 months. (2) As previously reported in 93 cases of pure red blood cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 66% (47/71) of the patients with determined blood type were O positive and the donors were A positive. The risk factors for pure red blood cell aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation include sibling donor, nonmyeloablative conditioning, and virus infection; and the major treatment includes plasma exchange, steroid, and rituximab. Overall, pure red cell aplasia is a rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and multiple factors can facilitate its occurrence. A consensus on the treatment of pure red cell aplasia has not been reached. Some patients can recover by themselves, and bortezomib and eltrombopag as new targeted drugs may be effective for refractory pure red cell aplasia.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

Key words: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Anemia, Aplastic, Risk Factors, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R457

Chen Xiaoling, Deng Huilan, Lu Quanyi, Hong Xiuli, Hu Jiasheng. Pure red cell aplasia follows allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a two-case report and literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2019, 23(5): 761-766.

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