Effects of hypoxia and vibration training on bone metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis rats

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0203

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia program to alleviate type 2 diabetes insulin resistance has been recommended, but this program is still questioned because of the risk of osteoporosis caused by hypoxia in patients with diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of vibration training on bone mineral density, bone structural mechanics, bone metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis rats under hypoxia environment.
METHODS: Ninety clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, and subjected to high-fat diet (n=60), or normal diet (n=30), for 8 weeks. High-fat rats were given the injection of streptozotocin to establish the rat model of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis. The control rats were subdivided into normoxia control and hypoxia control groups; the model rats were subdivided into hypoxia modeling group, hypoxia modeling vibration group, normoxia modeling group, normoxia modeling vibration group. Hypoxia and vibration program was performed by hypoxia tank and vibration platform (PowerPlate®) for 12 weeks. Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism and bone mineral density and modeling were detected at 4 weeks after modeling and 12 weeks after vibration training.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after intervention, the fast insulin level, fast blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in the hypoxia modeling vibration group were significantly superior to those in the hypoxia modeling, normoxia modeling, and normoxia modeling vibration groups (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density, maximum stress, maximum load, breaking load and elastic modulus in the normoxia modeling vibration and hypoxia modeling vibration groups were significantly lower than those in the normoxia control and hypoxia control groups (P < 0.05). After vibration training, all indexes were significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that hypoxic environment can promote the insulin sensitivity, improve glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats, but can lead to a decrease in bone mineral density and increase bone resorption. Vibration training not only can significantly enhance the insulin sensitivity, but also can avoid the decreased bone mineral density, bone metabolism disorder, and biomechanical properties induced by hypoxia.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: Anoxia, Vibration, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Bone Density, Osteoporosis, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Cheng Jia-qiu1, Zhang Ting-ran2. Effects of hypoxia and vibration training on bone metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0203.

Figures/Tables 2

2.1 实验动物数量分析实验选用大鼠90只，造模失败17只剔除，进入结果分析73只。 2.2 糖尿病骨质疏松模型检验结果表2-5显示：在空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、骨密度、尿羟脯氨酸、尿脱氧吡啶喏啉、血浆抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶等指标前测数据中，常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组与常氧对照组、低氧对照组差异有显著性意义 (P < 0.05)，且常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组空腹血糖均大于7 mmol/L，股骨骨密度值小于常氧对照组、低氧对照组大鼠平均骨密度2.5个标准差。因此认为本研究中常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组大鼠出现胰岛素抵抗和骨质疏松症状，2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠造模成功。 2.3 大鼠胰岛素敏感性指标变化经过12周干预，常氧糖尿病组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平和HOMA-IR指标后测结果显著高于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组2项指标后测显著低于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧对照组2项指标后测结果高于前测，但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧对照组2项指标后测结果低于前测，但差异无达显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组2项指标后测结果显著低于常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。见表2。 2.4 大鼠血脂指标变化见表3。 (1)总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇：经过12周干预，常氧糖尿病组3项指标后测结果显著高于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组3项指标后测显著低于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧对照组3项指标后测结果高于前测，但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧对照组3项指标后测结果低于前测，但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组3项指标后测结果显著低于常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 (2)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇：经过12周干预，常氧糖尿病组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇后测结果显著低于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组后测显著高于前测(P < 0.05)；低氧对照组后测结果低于前测，但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组后测结果显著高于常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 2.5 大鼠骨密度、骨质代谢变化见表4。 (1)大鼠股骨骨密度：经过12周干预，常氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病组大鼠股骨骨密度后测结果显著低于前测(P < 0.05)；常氧糖尿病运动组后测结果显著高于前测(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧对照组后测与前测比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组后测与常氧糖尿病运动组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧糖尿病运动组后测结果显著高于低氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 (2)大鼠尿羟脯氨酸、尿脱氧吡啶喏啉和血浆TRACP：常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧对照组、低氧糖尿病组、低氧糖尿病运动组后测结果显著高于前测(P < 0.05)，常氧糖尿病组后测结果显著低于低氧糖尿病组(P > 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组后测与常氧糖尿病运动组比较差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)；低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧糖尿病运动组后测结果显著低于低氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 2.6 大鼠骨生物力学指标比较结果见表5。 (1)大鼠股骨承受最大应力：低氧对照组和常氧对照组大鼠股骨承受最大应力显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组和低氧糖尿病运动组(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病组大鼠股骨承受最大应力显著低于常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组与常氧糖尿病运动组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧糖尿病运动组大鼠股骨承受最大应力显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 (2)大鼠股骨承受最大载荷：低氧对照组和常氧对照组大鼠承受最大载荷显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病运动组(P < 0.05)，低氧对照组大鼠承受最大载荷低于常氧对照组，但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，低氧糖尿病组大鼠承受最大载荷显著低于常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组与常氧糖尿病运动组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧糖尿病运动组大鼠承受最大载荷显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。 (3)大鼠股骨断裂载荷及弹性模量：低氧对照组2项指标显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病运动组、低氧糖尿病运动组(P < 0.05)，低氧对照组大鼠2项指标显著低于常氧对照组(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病组大鼠2项指标显著低于常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组与常氧糖尿病运动组2项指标比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，低氧糖尿病运动组、常氧糖尿病运动组大鼠股骨断裂载荷及弹性模量显著高于低氧糖尿病组、常氧糖尿病组(P < 0.05)。"

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