Effects of aerobic exercises with different load volumes on inflammatory response and insulin signaling pathway of skeletal muscle in obese rats

doi:10.12307/2023.055

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important risk factor for elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia, in which imbalance in skeletal muscle renin-angiotensin system homeostasis may play a key role. Aerobic exercise is an important non-drug treatment for obesity, but the effects of aerobic exercises with different volumes are not been clarified.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different load volumes of aerobic exercises on inflammatory responses and insulin signaling pathways of the skeletal muscle in obese rats and to explore the possible mechanism of the renin-angiotensin system.
METHODS: Thirty Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed with high-fat diet. After 20 weeks, they were randomly divided into obese sedentary group, obese low-volume exercise group or obese high-volume exercise group. In the meantime, another 10 rats fed with standard chow were selected as the normal control group. Animals in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups were subjected to aerobic exercise, 150 and 300 minutes per week, respectively; those in the normal control group and obese sedentary group were caged quietly. After 12 weeks, body mass, body composition, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory factor levels, and the expression of insulin signaling, inflammatory pathway and renin-angiotensin system axis protein molecules in the skeletal muscle were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Body mass and body composition: compared with the obese sedentary group, body mass decreased significantly in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the obese low-volume exercise group, retroperitoneal and epididymal fat mass decreased significantly in the obese high-volume exercise group (P < 0.05). Blood pressure: compared with the obese sedentary group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups (P < 0.05). Glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors: compared with the obese sedentary group, contents of the above biochemical indexes decreased significantly in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups (P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle insulin signal pathway: compared with the obese sedentary group, the protein expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase B and glucose transporter 4 increased significantly in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups (P < 0.05), while the protein expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B decreased significantly in the obese high-volume exercise group (P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle inflammation pathway: compared with the obese sedentary group, the protein expression of phosphorylated inhibitor α of nuclear factor κB decreased significantly in the obese low- and high-volume exercise groups (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of interleukin-6 decreased significantly in the obese high-volume exercise group (P < 0.05); compared with the obese low-volume exercise group, the protein expression of phosphorylated inhibitor α of nuclear factor κB decreased significantly in the obese high-volume exercise group (P < 0.05). Renin-angiotensin system axis of the skeletal muscle: compared with the obese sedentary group, the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and Mas receptor proteins, as well as the ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor/Mas receptor decreased significantly in the obese high-volume exercise group (P < 0.05). To conclude, aerobic exercise with different load volumes can improve body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure, ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin signaling pathway, and relieve inflammatory response in obese rats. However, the effect of high load volume protocol (300 minutes per week) is better than that of low load volume (150 minutes per week) and the mechanism may be related to the transition of skeletal muscle renin-angiotensin system balance from angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Mas receptor axis induced by high-volume aerobic exercises.

Key words: obesity, aerobic exercise, load volume, skeletal muscle, renin-angiotensin system, insulin resistance

CLC Number:

Zhang Yan, He Ruibo, Wang Qingbo, Pi Yihua, Lu Chunmin, Xu Chuanyi, Ma Gang, Peng Peng. Effects of aerobic exercises with different load volumes on inflammatory response and insulin signaling pathway of skeletal muscle in obese rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2023, 27(8): 1237-1244.

Figures/Tables 9

食物摄入量：各组食物摄入量比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。体质量：训练前，各组体质量比较无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；训练后，各组体质量均较训练前增加(P < 0.05)，肥胖安静组体质量高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)，2个运动组体质量低于肥胖安静组(P < 0.05)。瘦体质量：与正常对照组比较，肥胖安静组和肥胖低负荷量运动组全身、躯干和下肢瘦体质量下降(P < 0.05)；与肥胖安静组比较，肥胖低负荷量运动组躯干和下肢瘦体质量增加(P < 0.05)，肥胖高负荷量运动组全身、躯干和下肢瘦体质量增加(P < 0.05)。脂肪含量：与正常对照组比较，肥胖安静组和肥胖低负荷量运动组全身、躯干、下肢、腹膜后和附睾脂肪含量升高(P < 0.05)；与肥胖安静组比较，肥胖低负荷量运动组全身、躯干和下肢脂肪含量下降(P < 0.05)，肥胖高负荷量运动组全身以及各部位脂肪含量均降低(P < 0.05)；与肥胖低负荷量运动组比较，肥胖高负荷量运动组腹膜后和附睾脂肪含量下降(P < 0.05)。血压：训练前组间比较，肥胖安静组、肥胖低负荷量运动组和肥胖高负荷量运动组收缩压、舒张压均高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)；训练后组内比较，肥胖安静组收缩压、舒张压高于训练前(P < 0.05)，2个运动组收缩压、舒张压均低于训练前(P < 0.05)；训练后组间比较，肥胖安静组收缩压、舒张压高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)，2个运动组收缩压、舒张压低于肥胖安静组(P < 0.05)，肥胖高负荷量运动组收缩压、舒张压低于正常对照组(P < 0.05)。 2.3 血浆生化参数与正常对照组比较，肥胖安静组血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和白细胞介素6水平升高(P < 0.05)；与肥胖安静组比较，2个运动组血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇和白细胞介素6水平下降(P < 0.05)，2个运动组间各生化参数比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；肿瘤坏死因子α表达在各组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)，见表2。 "

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