中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 7123-7129.doi: 10.12307/2026.801

• 脊柱植入物Spinal implants • 上一篇    下一篇

机器人导航与传统微创经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

薛宁宁,赵轶波,赵晓峰,齐德泰,王浩民,赵  斌   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市  030001
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 接受日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵斌,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:薛宁宁,男,1997年生,山西省曲沃县人,汉族,2025年山西医科大学第二临床医学院毕业,硕士,主要从事骨科脊柱外科方面的研究。

TiRobot navigation versus conventional minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for treating thoracolumbar spine fractures

Xue Ningning, Zhao Yibo, Zhao Xiaofeng, Qi Detai, Wang Haomin, Zhao Bin   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China 

  • Received:2025-08-05 Accepted:2025-12-12 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-05-15
  • Contact: Zhao Bin, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Xue Ningning, MS, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

胸腰椎骨折:是指外力作用于胸腰段,导致椎体及附件骨质连续性中断的损伤。作为脊柱损伤的常见类型,其核心病理改变是骨性结构破坏,常伴随脊柱失稳、神经损伤(尤其是脊髓或马尾神经受压)及周围软组织损伤。严重者可并发瘫痪、呼吸肌功能障碍及尿便失禁等。
经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定:是一种在影像学引导下,经皮穿刺建立通道并植入椎弓根钉棒系统的手术。核心步骤包括椎弓根螺钉置入、连接棒安装、锁定螺帽紧固,以及根据术中需要实施的撑开或压缩技术,该术式属于微创脊柱内固定技术。

摘要
背景:椎弓根螺钉置入精度直接影响胸腰椎骨折微创手术患者的预后。基于天玑机器人智能导航与传统C型臂二维透视的技术代际差异,此次研究聚焦无神经损伤病例,从置钉准确性、手术效率及围术期指标多维度验证其疗效优势。
目的:比较天玑骨科手术机器人导航辅助与传统“C”型臂X射线透视下经皮椎弓根置钉治疗无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。
方法:回顾性分析2022年11月至2024年3月于山西医科大学第二医院行手术治疗的单节段无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折患者37例,试验组(天玑骨科机器人导航辅助组)18例,男10例,女8例,共置入108枚椎弓根螺钉;对照组(传统C型臂X射线透视组)19例,男12例,女7例,共置入114枚椎弓根螺钉。比较两组间的一般信息、手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、术后住院天数,术前及术后1周、6,12个月腰背部疼痛目测类比评分、腰背部Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比、伤椎矢状面后凸Cobb角以及置钉准确率、关节突侵犯率等指标。
结果与结论:①两组患者一般信息、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比(%)、伤椎矢状面后凸Cobb角相比差异均无显著性意义(均P > 0.05);②试验组术中透视时间明显少于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③试验组置钉准确率为95.4%,关节突侵犯率为2.8%;对照组置钉准确率为86.0%,关节突侵犯率为10.5%,试验组的置钉准确率高于对照组,且关节突侵犯率低于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④提示天玑骨科手术机器人辅助导航下经皮椎弓根钉内固定较传统方法置钉准确率更高,能有效保护脊柱后方的关节突等相关脊柱结构,有利于脊柱稳定性的重建,并且能有效减少术中患者及医护人员的辐射曝光时间。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: ">胸腰椎骨折, 经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定, 骨科机器人, 辅助, 辐射曝光时间

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The precision of pedicle screw placement directly impacts the prognosis of minimally invasive surgery for thoracolumbar fractures. Given the technological disparity between TiRobot assisted intelligent navigation and conventional C-arm 2D fluoroscopy, this study focuses on neurologically intact cases to demonstrate the former’s advantages through multidimensional evaluation of screw placement accuracy, surgical efficiency, and perioperative clinical metrics. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation under the guidance of the TiRobot system with traditional percutaneous pedicle screw fixation using "C" arm X-ray fluoroscopy for the treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures without associated nerve injury. 
METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients with single-segment thoracolumbar fractures treated surgically at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from November 2022 to March 2024. The trial group (the TiRobot-assisted group) included 18 cases, with 10 males and 8 females, and a total of 108 pedicle screws were implanted. The control group (the traditional "C" arm X-ray fluoroscopy group) included 19 cases, with 12 males and 7 females, and a total of 114 pedicle screws were implanted. The study compared general information, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy duration, postoperative hospital stay, preoperative, 1-week postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and 12-month postoperative visual analog scale scores for lower back pain, lower back Oswestry disability index, percentage of anterior height of the injured vertebra, Cobb angle of sagittal plane kyphosis of the injured vertebra, screw placement accuracy, and facet joint involvement rate.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The general information of the two groups of patients, surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay days, visual analog scale scores, Oswestry disability index, percentage of the anterior edge height of the injured vertebra, and Cobb angle difference in the sagittal plane of the injured vertebra were all statistically insignificant (all P > 0.05). (2) The fluoroscopy time during surgery was significantly shorter in the trial group than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). (3) The accuracy rate of screw placement in the trial group was 95.4%, and the rate of facet joint invasion was 2.8%. In the control group, the accuracy rate of screw placement was 86.0%, and the rate of facet joint invasion was 10.5%. The accuracy rate of screw placement in the trial group was higher than that in the control group, and the rate of facet joint invasion was lower than that in the control group, with both data differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) It is indicated that the percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation under the guidance of TiRobot-assisted has higher accuracy than the traditional group of screws, which can effectively protect the facet joints and other spinal structures behind the spine, facilitate the reconstruction of spinal stability, and can effectively reduce the radiation exposure time of patients and medical staff during the operation.

Key words: ">thoracolumbar fracture, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, orthopedic robot, assistance, radiation exposure time

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