中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (26): 6930-6936.doi: 10.12307/2026.737

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

天然口服水凝胶在药物递送系统中的开发与应用

杨  淇1,向  蹊1,王  涵2,邹  圳3,张伦慈2,米热阿德力·阿布力米提2,廖  悦1,李新志2,3   

  1. 三峡大学,1基础医学院,3健康医学院,湖北省宜昌市  443002;2三峡大学附属仁和医院,湖北省宜昌市  443099
  • 接受日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2026-09-18 发布日期:2026-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 廖悦,博士,三峡大学基础医学院,湖北省宜昌市 443002 李新志,医学博士,教授,三峡大学健康医学院,湖北省宜昌市 443002;三峡大学附属仁和医院,湖北省宜昌市 443099
  • 作者简介:杨淇,女,2000年生,湖北省宜昌市人,土家族,三峡大学在读硕士,主要从事水凝胶研究。
  • 基金资助:
    肿瘤微环境与免疫治疗湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(2023KZL07),项目负责人:廖悦;宜昌市医疗卫生科技项目(A24-2-059),项目负责人:廖悦;三峡大学人才科研启动基金项目(2023RCKJ013),项目负责人:廖悦;国家自然科学基金面上项目(81871956),项目负责人:李新志;中国康复医学会科技发展项目(2023132-55),项目负责人:李新志

Development and application of natural oral hydrogels in drug delivery systems

Yang Qi1, Xiang Xi1, Wang Han2, Zou Zhen3, Zhang Lunci2, Mireadeli·Abulimiti2, Liao Yue1, Li Xinzhi2, 3

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  1. 1School of Basic Medicine, 3School of Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China; 2Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443099, Hubei Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-01 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-03-16
  • Contact: Liao Yue, MD, School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China Li Xinzhi, MD, Professor, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443099, Hubei Province, China; School of Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Yang Qi, MS candidate, School of Basic Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Open Foundation of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, No. 2023KZL07 (to LY); Yichang Medical and Health Research Project, No. A24-2-059 (to LY); Talent Research Startup Fund of China Three Gorges University, No. 2023RCKJ013 (to LY); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Top-level Project), No. 81871956 (to LXZ); Science and Technology Development Project of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, No. 2023132-55 (to LXZ)

摘要:

文题释义:

水凝胶:是一种由三维高分子网络结构和大量水分组成的软材料,具有高吸水性、生物相容性、可调控物理化学性质等特点,广泛应用于生物医学、环境工程、柔性电子等领域。
天然材料:来源于自然界的物质,通常由生物、矿物或天然资源中提取。根据组成成分和结构的不同,天然材料可以分为多种类型,包括植物来源、动物来源和矿物来源材料。

背景:口服给药因较高的依从性一直是患者最为偏好的药物递送途径,相较于注射给药能显著提升患者的治疗体验,但消化道内的极端环境严重限制了药物的生物利用度。随着医学领域对生物相容性和生物降解性的需求日益增加,天然水凝胶作为一种理想的药物递送载体正在受到广泛关注。
目的:从材料选择到合成方法探讨不同天然材料口服水凝胶的开发与应用。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库,以“oral hydrogels,physical crosslinking,chemical crosslinking,natural material,therapy,drug delivery,application of disease research”为英文检索词,检索2009-2024年发表的相关文献,最终筛选出83篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:水凝胶作为一种极具潜力的新型药物递送系统,在实现药物的精准递送与控释方面展现出巨大优势。口服天然水凝胶凭借卓越的生物相容性、良好的可降解性及极低的潜在毒性,在药物递送领域脱颖而出,它不仅能够实现药物的精准投递,还能有效避免药物与胃肠道直接接触而产生的刺激,为药物递送提供了更为安全、有效的途径。随着科研工作者的不懈探索,基于天然材料的新型智能水凝胶递送系统不断涌现,如果胶基 pH 响应性水凝胶,透明质酸基活性氧响应性水凝胶等,这些新型材料为药物递送的智能化和精准化开辟了新的道路。然而,天然材料水凝胶在应用过程中也暴露出一些有待解决的问题:一方面,天然材料普遍存在机械性能和拉伸强度不足的问题,这使它们难以满足复杂的药物输送需求;另一方面,尽管天然材料源于自然,但它们仍有可能引发人体免疫反应。
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4608-398X(杨淇)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 天然材料, 天然高分子, 天然小分子, 口服, 水凝胶, 药物递送, 交联方式, 疾病应用, 生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral drug delivery has consistently been the most preferred route of administration due to its high patient compliance, significantly enhancing the overall treatment experience compared to injectables. However, the gastrointestinal environment severely limits drug bioavailability. As the demand for biocompatibility and biodegradability in the medical field continues to grow, natural hydrogels have emerged as ideal drug delivery carriers, attracting widespread attention.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the development and application of oral hydrogels made from various natural materials, from material selection to synthesis methods.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the English search terms “oral hydrogels, physical crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, natural material, therapy, drug delivery, application of disease research” to identify the most recent relevant articles published from 2009 to 2024. A total of 83 articles were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hydrogels, as a promising new drug delivery system, exhibit significant advantages in achieving precise drug delivery and controlled release. Oral natural hydrogels stand out in the field of drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and extremely low potential toxicity. They not only enable precise drug delivery but also effectively avoid irritation caused by direct contact between the drug and the gastrointestinal tract, providing a safer and more effective route for drug delivery. With the tireless exploration of researchers, new intelligent hydrogel delivery systems based on natural materials are constantly emerging, such as pectin-based pH-responsive hydrogels and hyaluronic acid-based reactive oxygen species-responsive hydrogels. These new materials have opened up new avenues for intelligent and precise drug delivery. However, the application of natural hydrogels has also exposed some unresolved issues. On the one hand, natural materials generally suffer from insufficient mechanical properties and tensile strength, making them difficult to meet complex drug delivery requirements. On the other hand, despite their natural origin, natural materials can still trigger immune responses in the human body.

Key words: natural material, natural polymer, natural small molecule, oral administration, hydrogel, drug delivery, crosslinking method, disease application, biomaterial

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