中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (26): 6768-6778.doi: 10.12307/2026.374

• 水凝胶材料Hydrogel materials • 上一篇    下一篇

兼具抗菌与促成骨功能水凝胶的制备与表征

周云圻1,2,刘  旭1,肖东琴1,李兴平2,匙  峰3,张  波1,蒲  超2,罗栩伟1,张成栋1   

  1. 1川北医学院第二临床学院,南充市中心医院骨科,组织工程与干细胞研究所,四川省南充市   637000;2成飞医院骨科,四川省成都市   610091;3西华师范大学组织修复材料工程技术协同创新中心,四川省南充市   637000
  • 接受日期:2025-09-12 出版日期:2026-09-18 发布日期:2026-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 罗栩伟,博士,副主任医师,川北医学院第二临床学院,南充市中心医院骨科,组织工程与干细胞研究所,四川省南充市 637000 张成栋,博士,助理研究员,川北医学院第二临床学院,南充市中心医院骨科,组织工程与干细胞研究所,四川省南充市 637000
  • 作者简介:周云圻,男,1998年生,四川省资阳市人,汉族,川北医学院在读硕士,主要从事骨修复机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1740),项目负责人:张成栋;南充市市校合作科研项目(22SXJCQN0002),项目负责人:肖东琴;四川省医学会青年创新项目(Q2024026),项目负责人:罗栩伟;四川省医学会青年创新项目(Q22034),项目负责人:李兴平

Fabrication and characterization of hydrogels with both antibacterial and osteogenic functions

Zhou Yunqi1, 2, Liu Xu1, Xiao Dongqin1, Li Xingping2, Shi Feng3, Zhang Bo1, Pu Chao2, Luo Xuwei1, Zhang Chengdong1   

  1. Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Orthopedics of Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, Sichuan Province, China; 3Collaboration Innovation Center for Tissue Repair Material Engineering Technology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-12 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-03-11
  • Contact: Luo Xuwei, PhD, Associate chief physician, Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Orthopedics of Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China Zhang Chengdong, PhD, Assistant research fellow, Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Orthopedics of Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Yunqi, Master candidate, Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Orthopedics of Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, No. 2023NSFSC1740 (to ZCD); Nanchong City-University Collaborative Research Project, No. 22SXJCQN0002 (to XDQ); Sichuan Medical Association Youth Innovation Project, No. Q2024026 (to LXW); Sichuan Medical Association Youth Innovation Project, No. Q22034 (to LXP)

摘要:

文题释义:
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯:是绿茶中含量最高的活性成分,属于儿茶素类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、调节代谢、保护心血管及神经等作用。在抗菌方面,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯能破坏细菌的细胞膜、抑制细菌的酶活性和干扰细菌的代谢过程。
双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石:双离子在此处主要指铜离子与锌离子,双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石是指将铜、锌离子引入羟基磷灰石晶格中形成双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石,从而增强羟基磷灰石的生物学性能。

背景:水凝胶材料因具有良好的生物相容性及可降解性能等优点成为组织修复材料研究的热点,然而单一水凝胶材料缺乏抗菌及成骨功能,临床应用受限。
目的:制备兼具抗菌与促成骨功能的水凝胶用于骨组织修复。
方法:①采用化学沉淀法合成铜离子、锌离子共掺杂羟基磷灰石。将双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯与双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石+表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯分别加入光引发剂中,将甲基丙烯酰化明胶分别加入单独的光引发剂与上述光引发剂中,在405 nm波长紫外光下照射固化20 s,得到甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶(记为G)、双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石/甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶(记为G-Cu/Zn HA)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯修饰甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶(记为G-E)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯修饰的双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石/甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶(记为G-E-Cu/Zn HA)。表征4组水凝胶的微观形貌、压缩力学性能、溶胀性能、降解性能与金属离子、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯释放动力学。②将金黄色葡萄球菌(或大肠杆菌)菌液分别与4组水凝胶共培养,通过琼脂平板涂布实验、活/死染色、扫描电镜评估各组水凝胶的抗菌性能。③将4组水凝胶分别与MC3T3-E1细胞共培养,通过活/死染色、CCK-8检测评估各组水凝胶的细胞相容性。将4组水凝胶分别与MC3T3-E1细胞共培养,成骨诱导后,通过碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红S染色与成骨相关基因检测评估各组水凝胶的促成骨活性。
结果与结论:①扫描电镜下可见4组水凝胶横截面均表现出疏松多孔的内部结构,其中G、G-E水凝胶表面相对光滑平整,G-Cu/Zn HA、G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶孔壁表面粗糙度增加。G、G-E、G-Cu/Zn HA、G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶的压缩应力分别为10.48,12.91,23.64,41.03 kPa。相较于G水凝胶,G-E、G-Cu/Zn HA、G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶的整体溶胀时间缩短、溶胀平衡率降低。相较于其他3组水凝胶,G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶降解周期延长。G-Cu/Zn HA、G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶在30 d内持续释放Cu2+、Zn2+、Ca2+,并且G-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶中释放的Cu2+、Zn2+总量较G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶多。相较于G-E水凝胶,G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶显著抑制了表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯突释现象。②琼脂平板涂布实验、活/死染色、扫描电镜观察显示,相较于G水凝胶,其他3组水凝胶均具有细菌抑制作用,其中G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶的抑制作用最强。③活/死染色、CCK-8检测显示4组水凝胶均具有良好的细胞相容性。碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红S染色与成骨相关基因表达检测显示,G水凝胶的促成骨能力最弱,G-E-Cu/Zn HA水凝胶的促成骨最强。④结果表明,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯修饰的双离子掺杂羟基磷灰石/甲基丙烯酰化明胶复合水凝胶具有良好的抗菌与促成骨性能。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8363-1693 (周云圻)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: Cu2+, Zn2+, 纳米羟基磷灰石, 表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯, 甲基丙烯酰化明胶水凝胶, 成骨, 抗菌, 生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrogel materials have garnered significant attention in the field of tissue repair due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the clinical application of hydrogel materials is hindered by their limited functionality, particularly the absence of antimicrobial and osteogenic properties. 
OBJECTIVE: To design hydrogels with both antibacterial and osteogenic properties for bone tissue repair.
METHODS: (1) Hydroxyapatite co-doped with copper and zinc ions was synthesized by chemical precipitation. Double-ion-doped hydroxyapatite, epigallocatechin gallate, and double-ion-doped hydroxyapatite + epigallocatechin gallate were added to a photoinitiator, respectively. Methacrylated gelatin was added to either the photoinitiator alone or the aforementioned photoinitiator, respectively. The hydrogels were cured under 405 nm ultraviolet light for 20 seconds to obtain methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (denoted as G), double-ion-doped hydroxyapatite/methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (denoted as G-Cu/Zn HA), epigallocatechin gallate-modified methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (denoted as G-E), and epigallocatechin gallate-modified double-ion-doped hydroxyapatite/methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (denoted as G-E-Cu/Zn HA). The micromorphology, compressive mechanical properties, swelling properties, degradation properties, and release kinetics of metal ions and epigallocatechin gallate of the four hydrogels were characterized. (2) Staphylococcus aureus (or Escherichia coli) cultures were co-cultured with each of the four hydrogel groups. The antibacterial properties of each hydrogel group were evaluated by agar plate coating, live/dead staining, and scanning electron microscopy. (3) The four hydrogel groups were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells. The cytocompatibility of each hydrogel group was evaluated by live/dead staining and CCK-8 assay. After co-culture with MC3T3-E1 cells, osteogenic activity of each hydrogel group was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, and expression of osteogenesis-related genes after osteogenic induction.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cross-sections of all four hydrogel groups exhibited a loose and porous internal structure. The surfaces of the G and G-E hydrogels were relatively smooth, while the pore walls of the G-Cu/Zn HA and G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogels showed increased surface roughness. The compressive stresses of the G, G-E, G-Cu/Zn HA, and G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogels were 10.48, 12.91, 23.64, and 41.03 kPa, respectively. Compared with the G hydrogel, the G-E, G-Cu/Zn HA, and G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogels exhibited shortened overall swelling times and decreased swelling equilibrium rates. The degradation cycle of the G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel was prolonged compared with the other three hydrogel groups. The G-Cu/Zn HA and G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogels continuously released Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ over 30 days, with the total amount of Cu2+ and Zn2+ released from the G-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel exceeding that from the G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel. Compared with G-E hydrogel, G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel significantly inhibited the burst release of epigallocatechin gallate. (2) Agar plate spread assay, live/dead staining, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that compared with G hydrogel, the other three hydrogel groups all exhibited antibacterial activity, with G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel exhibiting the strongest inhibitory activity. (3) Live/dead staining and CCK-8 assay revealed that all four hydrogel groups exhibited good cytocompatibility. Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, and osteogenesis-related gene expression assay revealed that G hydrogel exhibited the weakest osteogenic activity, while G-E-Cu/Zn HA hydrogel exhibited the strongest osteogenic activity. (4) These results demonstrate that the epigallocatechin gallate-modified dual-ion-doped hydroxyapatite/methacrylated gelatin composite hydrogel exhibits excellent antibacterial and osteogenic properties.

Key words: Cu2?, Zn2?, nanohydroxyapatite, epigallocatechin gallate, methacryloylated gelatin hydrogel, osteogenesis, antibacterial, biomaterial

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