中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5503-5509.doi: 10.12307/2026.206

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

纠偏压杆技术在顺行股骨髓内钉远端锁钉初次失败时的应用

贺智榆1,2,万志宏1,3,黄  宇2,刘安铭2,吴佳奇2,4,汪国友2,5,张  磊2,5,6,陈孝均2,5,6   

  1. 1西南医科大学临床医学院,四川省泸州市   646000;西南医科大学附属中医医院,2骨伤科,4急诊科,6骨伤科疾病创新团队,四川省泸州市   646000;3西南医科大学附属医院小儿外科,四川省泸州市   646000;5泸州市中西医结合骨伤疾病防治重点实验室,四川省泸州市   646000
  • 接受日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: Chen Xiaojun, Associate chief physician, MD, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Orthopedic Diseases Through Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Orthopedics Disease Innovation Team, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • 作者简介:He Zhiyu, Attending physician, MS, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • 基金资助:
    西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科疾病创新团队(2022-CXTD-08),项目负责人:张磊

Application of correction leverage technique in primary failure of distal locking screw during antegrade femoral intramedullary nailing

He Zhiyu1, 2, Wan Zhihong1, 3, Huang Yu2, Liu Anming2, Wu Jiaqi2, 4, Wang Guoyou2, 5, Zhang Lei2, 5, 6, Chen Xiaojun2, 5, 6   

  1. 1School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, 4Emergency Department, 6Orthopedics Disease Innovation Team, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 3Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 5Luzhou Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Orthopedic Diseases Through Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-11 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-04
  • Contact: 陈孝均,副主任医师,博士,硕士生导师,西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科, 骨伤科疾病创新团队,四川省泸州市 646000;泸州市中西医结合骨伤疾病防治重点实验室,四川省泸州市 646000
  • About author:贺智榆,主治医师,硕士。
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Cultivation Project of Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 2022-CXTD-08 (to ZL)

摘要:

文题释义

股骨髓内钉远端锁钉难题:股骨髓内钉固定过程中交锁螺钉置入遭遇的技术挑战是影响手术效率与效果的关键环节,成因具有多维性:客观层面主要涉及术中因髓腔解剖变异、主钉置入后可能发生的轻微弹性形变及配套瞄准器械固有的系统误差所致的瞄具偏差;主观层面则突出表现为术者需在动态透视下依赖术者的经验与反复透视定位。该难题可显著延长手术时间、增加辐射暴露,并可能影响固定强度,是髓内钉技术精准化、微创化发展亟待解决的瓶颈问题。
纠偏压杆技术:C臂透视确认压杆发生偏移(预测远端锁钉置入失败)时,暂时保持压杆在髓腔内的占位,随即在压杆孔相邻位置重新钻孔后再进行压杆,最后顺利完成远端锁钉的置入。

摘要
背景:交锁髓内钉内固定是治疗股骨干骨折的“金标准”,而远端锁钉置入困难一直是难以解决的问题。
目的:通过对比纠偏压杆技术与徒手锁钉技术的临床效果,进一步说明纠偏压杆技术是否能够快速、准确、无直接X射线辐射暴露地置入股骨髓内钉远端锁钉,从而解决远端锁钉置入困难的问题。
方法:纳入2022年7月至2024年9月西南医科大学附属中医医院骨伤科收治的股骨干骨折患者,在行股骨交锁髓内钉内固定时出现远端锁钉置入困难的病例共计52例,根据置入方案分为2组,纠偏压杆组26例采用纠偏压杆技术进行股骨髓内钉远端锁钉的置入,徒手锁钉组26例采用传统的徒手锁钉技术进行股骨髓内钉远端锁钉的置入。对比两组患者的远端锁钉置入时间、X射线投射次数及首次远端置钉准确率。
结果与结论:①纠偏压杆组的远端锁钉置入时间明显短于徒手锁钉组 (t=-4.136,P < 0.001),差异有显著性意义;②纠偏压杆组X射线透视次数少于徒手锁钉组(t=-19.696,P < 0.001),差异有显著性意义;③在两组首次置钉准确率方面,纠偏压杆组(100%)高于徒手锁钉组(71%),差异有显著性意义(χ2=5.253,P < 0.05);④结果表明,相较于单纯徒手置钉,纠偏压杆技术具有锁钉快、准确率高、X射线辐射小的优点,该技术无需辅助其他设备、可操作性强,值得进行进一步临床验证后推广应用于股骨干骨折股骨交锁髓内钉内固定。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨骨折, 股骨交锁髓内钉, 内固定, 远端锁钉, 徒手锁钉, 纠偏压杆技术, 定位斯氏针

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Interlocking intramedullary nail fixation is the “gold standard” for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures, and the difficulty of distal locking nail implantation has always been a difficult problem to solve.
OBJECTIVE: By comparing the clinical effects of correction leverage technique and free-hand locking nail technique, it is further explained whether the correction leverage technique can be fast and accurate. The distal locking screw of femoral intramedullary nail was placed without direct X-ray radiation exposure, so as to solve the difficulty of distal locking screw placement.
METHODS: A total of 52 patients with femoral shaft fractures who experienced difficulty in distal locking screw placement during femoral interlocking intramedullary nail fixation at the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University between July 2022 and September 2024 were enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into two groups according to the implantation scheme: the correction leverage group (n=26) underwent the compression bar technique, while the freehand locking nail group (n=26) received conventional freehand locking screw placement for distal femoral intramedullary nail fixation. The distal locking screw placement time, X-ray projection times and first distal screw placement accuracy were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The distal locking nail placement time in the correction leverage group was significantly shorter than that in the freehand locking nail group (t=-4.136, P < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference. (2) The number of X-ray fluoroscopies in the correction leverage group was less than that in the freehand locking nail group (t=-19.696, P < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference. (3) In terms of the accuracy of the first nail placement in both groups, the correction leverage group (100%) was higher than the freehand locking nail group (71%), with a statistically significant difference (x2=5.253, P < 0.05). (4) The results show that the correction leverage technique has the advantages of fast nail locking, high accuracy, and low X-ray radiation compared with pure freehand nail placement. This technique does not require other auxiliary equipment and is highly maneuverable. Further clinical validation is warranted for its widespread application in femoral shaft fracture fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing.

Key words: femoral fracture, femoral interlocking intramedullary nail, internal fixation, distal interlocking nail, freehand locking screw technique, correction leverage technique, positioning Steinmann pin

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