中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7572-7580.doi: 10.12307/2026.252

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

功能性踝关节不稳和健康人群运动疲劳前后急停侧切运动的生物力学分析

付光亮1，鲍春雨1，2，孟庆华3，4，5，王保臣1，曹家兴1，孙嘉伟1   

  1. 天津体育学院，1运动训练学院，2社会体育学院，3运动健康学院，4体育经济与管理学院，天津市   301617；5天津市运动损伤与康复虚拟仿真实验教学中心，天津市   301617
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-20 修回日期:2025-11-20 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 鲍春雨，博士，教授，博士生导师，天津体育学院，运动训练学院，社会体育学院，天津市 301617
  • 作者简介:付光亮，男，1995年生，山东省淄博市人，汉族，天津体育学院运动训练学院博士在读，主要从事运动生物力学与体能训练方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(11372223)，项目负责人：孟庆华；国家体育总局科研项目(24ZDKJCX11、22KJCX077)，项目负责人：鲍春雨

Biomechanical analysis during non-anticipated stop-jump cutting before and after exercise fatigue in functional ankle instability and healthy populations

Fu Guangliang1, Bao Chunyu1, 2, Meng Qinghua3, 4, 5, Wang Baochen1, Cao Jiaxing1, Sun Jiawei1   

  1. 1Sports Training College, 2Social Sports College, 3Sports Health College, 4Sports Economics and Management College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; 5Tianjin Sports Injury and Rehabilitation Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching Center, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2025-09-20 Revised:2025-11-20 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-04
  • Contact: Bao Chunyu, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Sports Training College and Social Sports College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • About author:Fu Guangliang, PhD candidate, Sports Training College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 11372223 (to MQH); General Administration of Sport of China Research Project, Nos. 24ZDKJCX11, 22KJCX077 (to BCY).

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摘要：



文题释义：
全身性运动疲劳：是体育活动和训练过程中常见的生理现象，是导致运动表现下降并增加运动损伤风险的重要因素。对于功能性踝关节不稳者而言，疲劳状态会进一步削弱患者在运动过程中的本体感觉、肌肉激活幅度、姿势控制和神经肌肉反应能力，这些生理功能的下降会造成下肢定位不准确，使个体难以及时应对突发的动作变化，从而显著提高受伤风险。
急停侧切：作为一种常见的运动形式，广泛出现在篮球、足球等竞技项目中。在进行急停侧切动作时，运动员所承受的地面反作用力可达到自身体质量的3倍，对下肢各关节的动态稳定性和运动控制能力构成严峻挑战。研究表明，功能性踝关节不稳者在完成该动作过程中，踝关节内翻角度异常增大，并且地面反作用力呈现明显偏移，这可能是该类人群反复发生踝关节扭伤的重要机制之一。

背景：全身性疲劳能够增加功能性踝关节不稳的损伤风险，同时急停侧切是踝关节损伤的高风险因素，目前全身性运动疲劳对功能性踝关节不稳人群急停侧切的生物力学机制尚未清晰。
目的：量化功能性踝关节不稳者和健康人群在运动疲劳前后进行急停侧切的运动学和动力学特征差异，揭示运动疲劳对功能性踝关节不稳者急停侧切的影响。
方法：招募15名单侧功能性踝关节不稳受试者与15名健康受试者，均为男性，采集两组受试者运动疲劳前后急停侧切动作中的运动学(踝关节背屈、踝关节跖屈、踝关节内翻、膝关节屈曲、膝关节内翻、膝关节外翻、髋关节屈曲与髋关节外展角度峰值)和动力学(髋、膝、踝关节刚度)参数，采用双因素重复测量方差分析对关节角度峰值、关节刚度等指标进行统计分析；同时，利用统计参数映射法进一步分析运动疲劳对两组受试者踝关节角度与地面反作用力时间序列数据的影响。
结果与结论：①运动学特征：双因素重复测量方差分析显示，踝关节内翻角度峰值、膝关节屈曲角度峰值、膝关节外翻角度峰值及髋关节屈曲角度峰值均存在显著的疲劳主效应和组间交互效应(P < 0.05)。与运动疲劳前相比，功能性踝关节不稳组运动疲劳后的踝关节内翻角度峰值增加(P < 0.05)，两组运动疲劳后的膝关节屈曲角度峰值增加(P < 0.05)，健康对照组运动疲劳后的髋关节屈曲角度显著增加(P < 0.05)。运动疲劳后，功能性踝关节不稳组踝关节内翻角度峰值与髋关节屈曲角度峰值小于健康对照组(P < 0.05)，膝关节外翻角度峰值与膝关节屈曲角度峰值大于健康对照组(P < 0.05)。统计参数映射分析显示，功能性踝关节不稳组运动疲劳后侧切运动4%-18%阶段的踝关节内外翻角度峰值大于疲劳前(P < 0.05)。②动力学特征：双因素重复测量方差分析显示，髋关节、膝关节和踝关节刚度均表现出显著的疲劳主效应与组别交互效应(P < 0.05)。与运动疲劳前相比，健康对照组运动疲劳后的髋关节刚度、踝关节刚度下降(P < 0.05)，功能性踝关节不稳组运动疲劳后的膝关节刚度、踝关节刚度下降(P < 0.05)。统计参数映射分析显示，功能性踝关节不稳组运动疲劳后侧切运动5%-16%阶段的垂直方向地面反作用力大于疲劳前(P < 0.05)，侧切运动35%-49%阶段的左右方向地面反作用力大于疲劳前(P < 0.05)。③结果表明，运动疲劳改变了功能性踝关节不稳人群急停侧切动作中的运动学和动力学特征，尤其影响了膝关节和踝关节的稳定性和缓冲能力，疲劳降低了关节刚度和控制力、增加了损伤风险，尤其在侧切运动的初期和过渡阶段。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1028-4551 (付光亮) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 功能性踝关节不稳, 运动疲劳, 非预期急停侧切, 运动学, 动力学, 统计参数映射, 神经肌肉控制, 运动损伤预防

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  Systemic fatigue increases injury risk in individuals with functional ankle instability, while stop-jump cutting is a high risk for ankle injuries. The biomechanical mechanisms underlying non-anticipated stop-jump cutting during systemic exercise fatigue in this population remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify differences in kinematic and kinetic characteristics during non-anticipated stop-jump cutting before and after exercise fatigue between individuals with functional ankle instability and healthy controls, revealing the impact of exercise fatigue on stop-jump cutting in individuals with functional ankle instability.
METHODS: Fifteen male participants with unilateral functional ankle instability and 15 healthy male controls were recruited. Kinematic (ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion; knee flexion, varus, valgus; hip flexion; and hip abduction angles) and kinetic parameters (hip, knee, and ankle joint stiffness) during stop-jump cutting before and after exercise fatigue. Statistical analysis of peak joint angles and joint stiffness was performed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Additionally, statistical parametric mapping was used to further analyze the effects of exercise fatigue on ankle joint angles and time series of ground reaction forces in both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Kinematic characteristics: Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant main effects of fatigue and significant interaction effects between groups for peak ankle inversion angle, peak knee flexion angle, peak knee valgus angle, and peak hip flexion angle (P < 0.05). Peak ankle inversion angle was significantly increased in the functional ankle instability group post-exercise fatigue compared with pre-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). Peak knee flexion angle was significantly increased in both groups post-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05), while peak hip flexion angle was significantly increased in the healthy control group post-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). After exercise fatigue, the peak ankle inversion angle and peak hip flexion angle in the functional ankle instability group were significantly decreased compared with those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05), while the peak knee valgus angle and peak knee flexion angle were significantly increased compared with those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Statistical parametric mapping analysis revealed that the peak ankle inversion/eversion angles during the 4%-18% phase of lateral cutting movements were greater in the functional ankle instability group post-exercise fatigue compared with pre-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). (2) Kinetic characteristics: two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant main effects of fatigue and group interaction effects on hip, knee, and ankle joint stiffness (P < 0.05). Compared with pre-exercise fatigue, hip and ankle joint stiffness was significantly decreased in the healthy control group post-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). Knee and ankle joint stiffness was significantly decreased in the functional ankle instability group post-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). Statistical parametric mapping analysis revealed that in the functional ankle instability group, the vertical ground reaction force during the 5%-16% phase of the cutting phase was greater post-exercise fatigue than pre-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05), and the medio-lateral ground reaction force during the 35%-49% phase of the cutting phase was greater post-exercise fatigue than pre-exercise fatigue (P < 0.05). (3) These findings suggest that exercise fatigue alters the kinematic and kinetic characteristics during stop-jump cutting in individuals with functional ankle instability, particularly affecting knee and ankle joint stability and shock absorption capacity. Fatigue reduces joint stiffness and control force while increasing injury risk, especially during the initial and transitional phases of stop-jump cutting.

Key words: functional ankle instability, exercise fatigue, non-anticipated stop-jump cutting, kinematics, kinetics, statistical parametric mapping, neuromuscular control, sports injury prevention

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