中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (28): 7494-7504.doi: 10.12307/2026.831
• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇
范萌萌,丁嘉莉,万宇杰,黄海量
收稿日期:2025-10-29
修回日期:2025-12-29
出版日期:2026-10-08
发布日期:2026-02-27
通讯作者:
黄海量,博士,教授,山东中医药大学康复医学院,山东省济南市 250355
作者简介:范萌萌,女,2000年生,山东省青岛市人,汉族,山东中医药大学在读硕士。
基金资助:Fan Mengmeng, Ding Jiali, Wan Yujie, Huang Hailiang
Received:2025-10-29
Revised:2025-12-29
Online:2026-10-08
Published:2026-02-27
Contact:
Huang Hailiang, MD, Professor, Rehabilitation Medicine School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
About author:Fan Mengmeng, MS candidate, Rehabilitation Medicine School of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
神经调控技术:通过非侵入性或微创方式作用于中枢神经系统,调节皮质兴奋性及脑网络活动,从而促进神经可塑性与功能恢复的康复干预方法。
脑卒中:由脑部血液循环障碍引起的急性脑功能损伤,包括缺血性和出血性脑卒中,常导致不同程度的运动、感觉及认知功能障碍,是致残率和复发率极高的神经系统疾病。
目的:系统比较多种神经调控技术对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的疗效与安全性,并通过网状Meta分析对不同干预措施的相对优势进行排序,为临床康复干预提供循证依据。
方法:系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库,纳入关于不同神经调控技术治疗脑卒中后上肢运动障碍的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年8月公开发表的中英文文献。对照组采用假刺激以及传统康复手段,试验组为在对照组基础上加入不同的神经调控技术。采用Cochrane随机对照试验偏倚风险评价工具对纳入文献进行质量评价。采用Stata 16.0和RevMan 5.4软件进行网状Meta分析。
结果:纳入51项随机对照试验,涉及12种神经调控刺激方式。网状Meta分析结果显示:与常规治疗相比,高频重复经颅磁刺激(MD=11.50,95%CI:6.83-16.16,P < 0.05)在改善脑卒中患者上肢基础运动功能恢复方面的疗效最佳;在改善脑卒中患者上肢功能的实用性与精细性方面,连续性节律爆发刺激(MD=12.10,95%CI:44.99-19.21,P < 0.05;MD=9.60,95%CI:1.32-17.88,P < 0.05)的疗效最佳;在改善脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力受限或伴有明显痉挛方面,阴极经颅直流电刺激(MD=15.40,95%CI:0.03-30.77,P < 0.05;MD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.64至-0.03,P < 0.05)的疗效最佳。
结论:在以促进上肢基础运动功能恢复为目标时,高频重复经颅磁刺激疗效最好;在提升上肢功能的实用性与精细性方面,连续性节律爆发刺激疗效最好;对于提高日常生活能力伴有明显痉挛的患者,阴极经颅直流电刺激疗效最好。
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0479-0182(范萌萌)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
范萌萌, 丁嘉莉, 万宇杰, 黄海量. 神经调控技术促进脑卒中后上肢运动功能的系统评价与网状Meta分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(28): 7494-7504.
Fan Mengmeng, Ding Jiali, Wan Yujie, Huang Hailiang. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of neuromodulation techniques for promoting upper limb motor function after stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(28): 7494-7504.
















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1.1 设计 研究设计流程见图1。
1.2 数据来源 研究已在PROSPERO 平台完成注册(注册号:CRD420251011226,https://www.
crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/)。
1.2.1 检索者 由第一作者与第二作者按照既定检索策略开展文献检索。
1.2.2 数据库 PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、
The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库。
1.2.3 检索词 中文检索词:“经皮迷走神经刺激术”“重复经颅磁刺激”“经颅直流电刺激”“脑机接口”“ 脑卒中”“ 脑出血”“ 脑缺血”“ 随机对照试验”;英文检索词:“vagus nerve stimulation”“vagus nerve stimulation” “VNS”“Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation” “TMS”“Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation”“tDCS”“stroke”“cerebrovascular accident”“randomized controlled trial”等。
1.2.4 检索时间跨度 各数据库自建库至2025年8月公开发表的中英文文献。
1.2.5 检索策略 以PubMed数据库为例,其完整检索流程见图2。
1.3 纳入标准
1.3.1 研究对象 受试者均为经颅脑CT或MRI影像学确诊的脑卒中人群,且伴随上肢运动功能障碍,年龄≥18岁,对国籍、种族、性别及病程均不作限制。
1.3.2 干预措施 试验组受试者在对照组干预的基础上,采用任一神经调控技术作为主要干预,包括但不限于:重复经颅磁刺激[包括低频、高频及θ短阵快速脉冲刺激(theta burst stimulation,TBS)模式]、经颅直流电刺激(包括高分辨率、阳极、阴极及双侧刺激)、经皮耳迷走神经刺激、脑机接口等。
1.3.3 对照措施 假刺激以及传统康复手段(物理治疗、作业治疗、运动训练及药物治疗等)。
1.3.4 结局指标 研究需至少报告以下任一结局。①主要结局指标:Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评定(Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity,FMA-UE)。②次要结局指标:Wolf
上肢运动功能测试(Wolf Motor Function Test,WMFT)、上肢动作研究量表(Action Research Arm Test,ARAT)、改良Barthel指数(Modified Barthel Index,MBI)及改良Ashworth痉挛量表(Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS)。
1.3.5 研究类型 随机对照试验。
1.4 排除标准 ①无法获取全文;②非中、英文文献;③干预措施为多种神经调控方式联合应用;④数据不完整;⑤会议摘要、综述性文章、学位论文、试验方案、重复发表。
1.5 文献筛选与数据提取 所有检索所得文献导入Zotero去除重复记录。由2名研究人员依照预先制定的检索策略独立筛选,阅读标题与摘要排除不符合纳入标准的文献,对初筛文献进一步阅读全文,以最终确定是否纳入。若2位研究人员在筛选结果上存在分歧,则由第三位研究人员裁决,直至达成一致。在数据提取前,研究团队依据研究目的与结局指标,提前制定并预设了标准化数据提取表,纳入文献的基本信息为第一作者、发表年份、研究国家、样本量、患者性别比例、患者年龄、病程、干预措施与方案、结局指标等,完成的数据提取结果经第三位研究人员比对与整合,以确保准确性与一致性。该数据提取表模板已作为补充材料提供,以便其他研究者参考和复现。
1.6 文献质量评价 偏倚风险的评估遵循Cochrane协作网指南[20],评价内容涵盖随机序列的生成方法、分配隐藏的实施情况、研究对象及研究人员盲法执行、结局指标评估过程盲法、结局数据的完整性、是否存在选择性报告以及其他潜在偏倚来源。风险等级共分为3类,即低风险(绿色)、高风险(红色)和不明确风险(黄色)。2名研究人员分别对纳入文献进行独立评估,并完成初步分级;随后由第三名研究人员对评估结果进行复核,以确保判定的客观性与一致性,团队在全面考察全文信息与质量评价的基础上,对其他潜在偏倚进行综合判断,结果以图表形式呈现。
1.7 统计分析 采用 RevMan 5.4 软件进行传统Meta分析。通过χ2检验 (α=0.1) 与 I²评估研究间异质性:当 P≥0.1 且 I² < 50% 时,提示异质性较小,采用固定效应模型;若 P < 0.1 或 I²≥50%,则认为异质性较大,采用随机效应模型。除统计异质性外,此次研究在模型选择时亦综合考虑研究设计、人群特征与干预差异等临床及方法学因素。例如,不同研究间的样本来源(单中心或多中心)、患者病程及卒中类型、刺激参数及疗程差异等均被纳入评估。当存在显著临床异质性时,即便I²较低,亦优先采用随机效应模型以提高结果稳健性。同时,针对异质性较大的结果,进一步开展干预措施、病程[21]、损伤严重程度的亚组分析与敏感性分析以探讨潜在来源[22],并验证结果的稳定性。效应量采用均数差(MD),并计算 95% 置信区间(CI)。
网状Meta分析使用Stata 16.0软件,构建干预措施间的网络关系图,其中节点代表干预方式,连线粗细表示比较次数。若网络中存在闭合环路,则采用节点劈裂法检验一致性,若直接与间接比较结果无显著差异(P > 0.05),采用一致性模型,否则结合原因分析选择不一致模型。干预措施的排序通过累积排名曲线下面积(The surface under the cumulative ranking,SUCRA)计算,结合均数差与95%置信区间进行综合判断用于辅助判断相对优势,但并不代表真实效应量的大小或临床意义,SUCRA值越高表明疗效越佳,并以联赛表的形式展示任意两种干预之间的相对效应和显著性差异,发表偏倚在研究数量不少于10篇时使用漏斗图进行评估,检验水准为α=0.05。文章的统计学方法已经山东中医药大学生物统计学专家审核。
脑卒中后上肢运动障碍常被形象地比喻为脑指挥手失灵。神经调控技术正是在这一核心环节发力,通过唤醒受损皮质的可塑性,促进大脑与肢体之间的信息重新连线。此次研究涵盖12种主流干预方式,系统比较其改善上肢功能的相对优势。与传统康复训练(如作业疗法、运动再学习)单独使用相比,当神经调控与传统康复联合应用时,可在练与调之间形成良性协同,使大脑在主动运动中得到更精准的刺激反馈。这些看不见的刺激,到底怎样帮大脑恢复对上肢的控制;高频重复经颅磁刺激是信号放大器,通过特定频率脉冲增强患侧运动皮质的神经信号,让大脑更有力地指挥手臂活动;阴极经颅直流电刺激是平衡调节器,抑制健侧过度活跃的神经,避免它抢占患侧的神经资源;而连续性节律爆发刺激更像精细教练,能优化大脑的运动计划,帮患者完成抓筷子、扣纽扣等精细动作。如果想帮家人或患者选择合适的康复方案,不妨记住这个:急性期用高频重复经颅磁刺激练基础动作,亚急性期靠连续性节律爆发刺激练精细技能,慢性期或伴痉挛选阴极经颅直流电刺激。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程#br#
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