中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6306-6315.doi: 10.12307/2026.367

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

神经源性异位骨化动物模型:关键发病过程与发病机制

任青松1,谢玉磊1,2,柳晶晶1,林静旖1,龙丹蕾1,张春榆3,谢  亮1,郑开元1,王寅旭1   

  1. 1川北医学院附属医院康复医学科,四川省南充市   637000;2川北医学院运动医学与康复学院,四川省南充市   637000;3西南医科大学附属医院临床医学院心血管内科,四川省泸州市   646000


  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 王寅旭,博士,副主任医师,川北医学院附属医院康复医学科,四川省南充市 637000
  • 作者简介:任青松,男,1995年生,汉族,川北医学院在读硕士,主要从事中枢神经系统损伤康复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技创新苗子工程项目(MZGC20230044),项目负责人:郑开元;川北医学院青年项目-自然科学类(2023JC011,CBY22-QNA45),项目负责人:谢玉磊

Animal models of neurogenic heterotopic ossification: key disease progression and pathogenesis

Ren Qingsong1, Xie Yulei1, 2, Liu Jingjing1, Lin Jingyi1, Long Danlei1, Zhang Chunyu3, Xie Liang1, Zheng Kaiyuan1, Wang Yinxu1   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 2School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 3Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Wang Yinxu, PhD, Associate chief physician, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Ren Qingsong, MS candidate, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Province Science and Technology Innovation Seed Project, No. MZGC20230044 (to ZKY); North Sichuan Medical College Youth Project - Natural Science Category, No. 2023JC011, CBY22-QNA45 (to XYL)

摘要:


文题释义:
神经源性异位骨化:是指中枢神经系统受到损伤后,在软组织中异常形成骨组织的一种病理现象,这种病症大多时候在损伤后的1-3个月出现,并且大多发生在髋关节周围。神经源性异位骨化可引发神经血管束被包绕的情况,造成剧烈疼痛以及神经压迫等诸多问题,其发病机制主要是与成骨前体细胞的异常分化以及神经信号调控存在关联。
成骨前体细胞:是神经源性异位骨化发生的关键细胞,可受损伤局部微环境及神经因子共同调控而异常分化。现有研究认为,成骨前体细胞主要源于成纤维脂肪祖细胞和血管周细胞。在脊髓损伤后,炎症因子白细胞介素1β、抑瘤素M等诱导成骨前体细胞表达Runt相关转录因子2、Ⅰ型胶原α1等成骨基因,其中成纤维脂肪祖细胞的异常激活加速了软骨内骨化进程。深入研究成骨前体细胞的作用机制,为神经源性异位骨化的靶向治疗提供了重要理论基础。

背景:神经源性异位骨化常见于脊髓损伤或创伤性脑损伤后1-3个月,表现为关节周围软组织异常骨化,其发病机制尚未阐明,亟需系统研究为临床实践提供支持。 
目的:综述神经源性异位骨化动物模型的研究进展及发病机制,重点分析成骨前体细胞的病理分化、局部组织微环境重塑,以及神经系统调控在神经源性异位骨化形成中的交互作用,为精准防治策略的制定提供理论依据。 
方法:检索PubMed、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed),检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年1月,中文检索词:“神经源性异位骨化,脊髓损伤,创伤性脑损伤,异位骨化”;英文检索词:“Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification,spinal cord injury,Traumatic brain injury,ossification,heterotopic,Central nervous system”。纳入与神经源性异位骨化动物模型以及机制相关的文献,总结神经源性异位骨化的关键发病过程。
结果与结论:成骨前体细胞(主要是成纤维脂肪祖细胞)的募集与异常成骨分化受局部缺氧、炎症反应及血管生成等微环境因素调控;神经生长因子、降钙素基因相关肽及P物质等通过神经-免疫互作促进异常骨化。未来研究应构建系统化分子图谱,深入探索核心信号通路并开发新型靶向干预手段,以实现神经源性异位骨化的早期识别与个体化治疗,改善患者预后。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8672-4238 (任青松);https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2267-9915 (王寅旭)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 神经源性异位骨化, 中枢神经系统损伤, 成骨前体细胞, 局部组织微环境, 神经调控, 动物模型, 发病机制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurogenic heterotopic ossification frequently occurs within 1 to 3 months following spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, characterized by abnormal bone formation in periarticular soft tissues. The precise pathogenesis remains unclear, underscoring the urgent need for systematic research to inform clinical management.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize recent advances in animal models of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and elucidate its underlying mechanisms, with a particular focus on the pathological differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells, remodeling of the local tissue microenvironment, and the interplay between neural regulation and neurogenic heterotopic ossification formation, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, CNKI, and SinoMed published prior to January 2025. The search terms were “neurogenic heterotopic ossification, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ossification, heterotopic, central nervous system” in English and “neurogenic heterotopic ossification, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, ossification” in Chinese. Literature related to animal models and mechanisms of neurogenic heterotopic ossification was included to summarize the key pathogenesis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recruitment and aberrant osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells (primarily fibro-adipogenic progenitors) are regulated by microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Neurogenic mediators, including nerve growth factor, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P, facilitate ectopic ossification through neuro-immune interactions. Future research should aim to construct a comprehensive molecular network, further dissect core signaling pathways, and develop novel targeted interventions to enable early detection and individualized treatment of neurogenic heterotopic ossification, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Key words: neurogenic heterotopic ossification, central nervous system injury, osteogenic precursor cells, local tissue microenvironment, neural regulation, animal models, pathogenesis

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