中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3359-3369.doi: 10.12307/2026.339

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

改善间充质干细胞体外培养效率的策略分析

杨羽茜1,徐  丹1,刘忠山2   

  1. 1贵州医科大学,贵州省贵阳市   550004;2贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州省贵阳市   550004
  • 接受日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘忠山,博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,贵州医科大学附属医院,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:杨羽茜,女,1998年生,贵州省凯里市人,布依族,贵州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事干细胞基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省国家自然科学基金地区科学基金科学项目(82460450),项目负责人:刘忠山

Analysis of strategies to improve efficiency of in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells

Yang Yuxi1, Xu Dan1, Liu Zhongshan2   

  1. 1Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-08-20 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Liu Zhongshan, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yuxi, Master candidate, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial National Natural Science Foundation (Regional Science Fund Science Project), No. 82460450 (to LZS)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:是一类具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,主要存在于骨髓、脂肪、脐带、胎盘等结缔组织和间充质中,在一定条件下可以分化成多种功能细胞。间充质干细胞在组织工程、再生医学、自身免疫性疾病治疗及抗炎疗法中具有潜力。
三维培养:将细胞在三维空间环境中培养,使其形成类似体内组织的立体结构,以更好地模拟细胞在真实组织或器官中的微环境。三维培养能提供更接近生理条件的细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用微环境,广泛应用于组织工程、药物筛选、肿瘤研究和再生医学等领域。

摘要
背景:随着传代次数的增加,间充质干细胞在体外培养过程中表现出明显的功能衰退现象,这一局限性严重制约了其在临床治疗中的应用效果。近年来,得益于生物技术的突破性进展和生物工程材料的显著改良,已提出多种优化培养方案,但目前仍无规范化干细胞生产标准。
目的:总结间充质干细胞在体外培养过程中出现的问题,简述间充质干细胞体外培养的优化方案。
方法:以“间充质干细胞,体外培养,细胞培养,培养条件,预处理,细胞衰老”为中文检索词,以“mesenchymal stem cells,cell culture,in vitro,culture conditions,preconditioning,cell senescence”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、PubMed数据库于2025年1月之前发表的文献,排除与主题相关性较差、年代久远及重复的文章,最后纳入98篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①总结了间充质干细胞体外培养时出现细胞形态学改变、增殖分化能力下降、迁移归巢能力下降、细胞代谢障碍、分泌衰老相关表型的问题;②梳理了间充质干细胞体外传代衰老的可能机制如遗传物质损伤、蛋白质稳态丧失、细胞内信号通路和转录因子表达改变;③总结了提高间充质干细胞体外培养效率的策略:基因工程修饰干细胞、药理学方法干预细胞增殖分化、优化干细胞体外培养环境、低氧预处理、调节细胞因子等。上述研究为提高间充质干细胞临床应用疗效提供了理论依据。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 体外培养, 细胞衰老, 预处理, 培养环境, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The function of mesenchymal stem cells gradually declines as the number of passages increases in the process of in vitro culture, resulting in its limited efficacy in practical clinical application. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biotechnology and the substantial improvement of bioengineering materials, a variety of improved strategies have been developed, but there is still no standardized stem cell production standard.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the problems that arise during the in vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells and briefly describe the optimization plan for their in vitro culture.
METHODS: Using “mesenchymal stem cells, in vitro culture, cell culture, culture conditions, pretreatment, cell senescence” as the Chinese search terms and “mesenchymal stem cells, cell culture, in vitro, culture conditions, preconditioning, cell senescence” as the English search terms, literature published before January 2025 in CNKI and PubMed databases was searched to exclude articles with poor relevance to the topic, long history, and duplication. Finally, 98 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) This paper summarizes the problems of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro culture, such as cell morphology changes, proliferation and differentiation ability decline, migration and homing ability decline, cell metabolism disorders, and secretion aging related phenotypes. (2) The possible mechanisms of in vitro passage senescence of mesenchymal stem cells, such as genetic material damage, loss of protein homeostasis, intracellular signaling pathways, and changes in the expression of transcription factors, were summarized. (3) Strategies to improve the culture efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro were summarized, such as genetic engineering to modify stem cells, pharmacological methods to intervene in cell proliferation and differentiation, optimization of stem cell culture environment in vitro, hypoxic preconditioning, and regulation of cytokines. The above research provides a theoretical basis for improving the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, in vitro culture, cellular senescence, preprocessing, cultivation environment, review

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