中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2313-2322.doi: 10.12307/2026.652

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

膝内侧间室骨关节炎单髁置换中有限元分析的应用价值

张子峥1,罗  旺1,刘长路2   

  1. 1内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010110;2内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市  010020
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 接受日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 刘长路,博士,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010020
  • 作者简介:张子峥,男,1999年生,江苏省宿迁市人,汉族,内蒙古医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨科疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持项目(NJYT23071),项目负责人:刘长路

Application value of finite element analysis on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial knee compartmental osteoarthritis

Zhang Zizheng1, Luo Wang1, Liu Changlu2   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010020, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

  • Received:2025-04-02 Accepted:2025-06-17 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-29
  • Contact: Liu Changlu, MD, Chief physician, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010020, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Zhang Zizheng, Master candidate, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Higher Education Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project, No. NJYT23071 (to LCL)

摘要:


文题释义

单髁置换:为一种应用越来越广泛的治疗终末期内侧间室膝骨关节炎的微创保膝术式,具备缓解疼痛、改善功能、部分纠正患者下肢力线的作用,与全膝关节置换、胫骨高位截骨术相比,具有康复快、本体感觉好、住院时间短、花费少以及恢复膝关节功能好等优点,为临床治疗膝骨关节炎提供了更多个性化选择。
有限元分析:为一种借助电子计算机基于数值模拟近似原理的数值分析方法。它通过对复杂的连续体(如几何形状、物体结构等)和载荷系统进行建模,并划分成有限数量的小单元,在各单元上进行近似求解并组合,以此得到整个系统近似解的方式。该方法逐步应用于复杂关节的生物力学研究,为临床手术方案决策提供精确的数据支撑和科学依据。

摘要
背景:单髁置换已成为治疗终末期内侧间室膝骨关节炎的重要微创手段,在关节外科领域应用日益广泛。有限元分析作为一种先进的生物力学研究方法,能模拟真实人体,揭示膝关节生物力学特性,为优化手术方案及开发新型植入材料提供有力支持。
目的:综述膝内侧间室骨关节炎单髁置换中有限元分析技术的应用进展,并展望了未来的发展趋势。
方法:第一作者于PubMed数据库和中国知网检索建库至2024年12月发表的文献,以“finite element analysis,medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee,unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,prosthesis alignment,joint line,prosthesis design,fracture risk factors”为英文检索词进行检索;以“有限元分析,膝关节,单髁置换术,假体排列,关节线,假体设计,骨折危险因素”为中文检索词进行检索。最终纳入53篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:①胫骨假体排列:固定平台单髁置换在冠状面推荐0°,后倾5°-7°;活动平台单髁置换则推荐冠状面内翻4°至外翻4°,后倾3°-7°,轴位旋转0°至外旋3°;②股骨假体排列:固定平台单髁置换在冠状面排列推荐股骨髁远端中心0°(中立位),矢状面排列为后倾9°-12°;活动平台单髁置换中,股骨假体冠状面排列为内翻4°至外翻4°,轴位旋转为0°(中立位)至内旋6°;③关节线高度:建议维持原关节线高度;④假体设计:固定平台假体单髁置换建议采用平底或解剖模拟设计的衬垫;活动平台假体单髁置换则推荐采用解剖模拟或与人体解剖一致性高的衬垫;此外,单髁置换胫骨托盘设计推荐两直立柱与鳍骨或小龙骨的组合设计,胫骨假体立柱长度以33 mm为宜。

关键词: 有限元分析, 膝内侧间室骨关节炎, 单髁置换术, 膝关节, 假体排列, 关节线, 假体设计, 骨折危险因素

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is a minimally invasive surgery for end-stage medial knee osteoarthritis and is increasingly used in the field of joint surgery. As an advanced biomechanical research method, finite element analysis can simulate the real human body, reveal the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint, and provide strong support for optimizing surgical plans and developing new implant materials.
OBJECTIVE: To review the advancements of finite element analysis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial compartment osteoarthritis and forecast future trends.
METHODS: The first author searched the PubMed and CNKI for literature published from the inception of the database to December 2024, using “finite element analysis, medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, prosthesis alignment, joint line, prosthesis design, fracture risk factors” as English search terms; “finite element analysis, knee joint, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, prosthesis alignment, joint line, prosthesis design, fracture risk factors” as Chinese search terms. Finally, 53 articles were included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Tibial prosthesis arrangement: Fixed platform unicompartmental knee arthroplasty recommends a coronal surface of 0°, posterior inclination of 5°-7°, while for movable platform unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, it suggests a coronal surface of varus 4° to valgus 4°, posterior inclination of 3°-7°, and axial rotation of 0° to external rotation 3°. (2) Femoral prosthesis alignment: Fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Coronal alignment at 0° (neutral) distal femoral center; sagittal alignment 9°–12° posterior tilt. Mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Coronal alignment 4° varus to 4° valgus; axial rotation 0° (neutral) to 6° internal rotation. (3) The joint line should maintain the original height. (4) Prosthesis design: Fixed platform unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should use a liner with a flat or anatomical simulation design, while movable platform unicompartmental knee arthroplasty benefits from an anatomical simulation pad or one with increased anatomical consistency. Moreover, the tibial tray design preferably features two straight columns with fin bone or small keel combinations, with a recommended tibial prosthesis column length of 33 mm. 


Key words: finite element analysis, medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee joint,  , prosthesis alignment, joint line, prosthesis design, fracture risk factor

中图分类号: