中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2217-2225.doi: 10.12307/2026.620

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

新型股骨近端稳定髓内钉与传统髓内钉生物力学的差异

饶敬澄1,李豫皖2,郑红兵1,徐  志3,朱爱祥1,史  册1,王  冰1,杨  春1,孔祥如1,朱大伟1   

  1. 1南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院(徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院),江苏省宿迁市  223800;2浙江大学医学院附属第一医院,浙江省杭州市  310009;3张家港市第五人民医院骨科,江苏省张家港市  215600
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08 接受日期:2025-04-12 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 朱大伟,硕士,主任医师,中国医师协会宿迁骨科分会秘书,南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院(徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院)骨科,江苏省宿迁市 223800
  • 作者简介:饶敬澄,男,1992年生,江苏省宿迁市人,汉族,2019年遵义医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事创伤和四肢关节的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82302853),项目负责人:李豫皖;江苏省社会发展重点研发项目(BE2019703),项目负责人:王冰

Biomechanical differences between the new proximal femoral stable intramedullary nail and traditional intramedullary nail#br#

Rao Jingcheng1, Li Yuwan2, Zheng Hongbing1, Xu Zhi3, Zhu Aixiang1, Shi Ce1, Wang Bing1, Yang Chun1, Kong Xiangru1, Zhu Dawei1   

  1. 1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital (Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University), Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China; 2First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Fifth People’s Hospital, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-02-08 Accepted:2025-04-12 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Zhu Dawei, MS, Chief physician, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital (Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University), Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Rao Jingcheng, MS, Attending physician, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital (Suqian Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University), Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Youth Science Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation, No. 82302853 (to LYW); Jiangsu Provincial Social Development Key Research and Development Project, No. BE2019703 (to WB)

摘要:

文题释义:

股骨近端防旋髓内钉:是一种用于治疗股骨近端骨折的髓内钉,设计上具有抗旋转功能,能够提供稳定的固定效果,适合承受垂直和扭转负荷。
股骨转子间髓内钉(InterTAN):是一种专为股骨转子间骨折设计的髓内钉,具有双螺钉锁定机制,增强了骨折部位的稳定性,适合复杂骨折的治疗。
股骨近端稳定髓内钉:是一种新型髓内钉,专为股骨转子间骨折设计,其独特的交叉螺钉结构提供优良的稳定性和抗旋转性,能够有效分散应力,有利于骨折愈合,降低材料疲劳和断裂风险。

摘要
背景:股骨转子间骨折是一种常见的骨折类型,尤其在老年人中发病率较高,传统的髓内钉在治疗此类骨折时存在一定的生物力学不足,可能导致内固定失败。因此,开发一种新型髓内钉以提高骨折愈合效果及稳定性显得尤为重要。
目的:设计并评估一种新型股骨近端稳定髓内钉,并与现有的股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨转子间髓内钉进行生物力学性能对比,以期改善股骨转子间骨折的治疗效果。
方法:采用计算机模拟实验,通过三维有限元分析建立股骨转子间骨折的几何模型。首先,利用CT扫描获取股骨的CT数据,并通过Mimics Research和Geomagic Studio软件构建股骨三维模型。设计稳定髓内钉交叉固定6°,7.5°,9°,与股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨转子间髓内钉进行比较。在垂直承压、前后折弯和扭转工况下分析各模型的生物力学性能,比较髓内钉和骨骼的von Mises应力、最大位移、最大扭转角度。
结果与结论:①在垂直承压工况下,稳定髓内钉系列相比股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨转子间髓内钉表现出更低的股骨近端应力和股骨头位移,尤其是稳定髓内钉交叉固定9°表现出最佳性能;②在前后折弯和扭转工况下,稳定髓内钉系列同样展现出较低的应力和位移,表明其具有良好的稳定性和抗旋转性;③稳定髓内钉系列通过独特的交叉螺钉设计有效分散了施加在骨折部位的应力,减少了因应力集中引起疲劳性骨折的风险;④新型稳定髓内钉在生物力学性能上优于股骨近端防旋髓内钉和股骨转子间髓内钉,具有良好的结构稳定性;尽管有初步支持,仍需通过临床试验验证其长期有效性与安全性,以评估在实际治疗中的应用价值。

关键词: 股骨转子间骨折, 髓内钉, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 稳定髓内钉

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are a common type of fracture, especially prevalent among the elderly. Traditional intramedullary nails used in treating such fractures exhibit certain biomechanical inadequacies that can lead to internal fixation failure. Therefore, developing a new type of intramedullary nail to improve fracture healing outcomes and stability is particularly important. 
OBJECTIVE: To design and evaluate a novel proximal femoral stable intramedullary nail and compare its biomechanical performance with existing proximal femoral nail antirotation and InterTAN in order to enhance the treatment outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures.
METHODS: The study employed computer-simulated experiments using three-dimensional finite element analysis to establish a geometric model of intertrochanteric fractures. Initially, CT scans were utilized to obtain CT data of the femur. Mimics Research and Geomagic Studio software were used to construct a three-dimensional model of the femur. Stable intramedullary nail CrossFix 6°, 7.5°, and 9° were designed and compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation and InterTAN. The biomechanical performance of each model was analyzed under conditions of vertical compression, anterior-posterior bending, and torsion, comparing the von Mises stress, maximum displacement and maximum torsion angle of the intramedullary nail and bone. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under vertical compression, the stable intramedullary nail series exhibited lower proximal femur stress and femoral head displacement compared to proximal femoral nail antirotation and InterTAN, with stable intramedullary nail CrossFix 9° showing the best performance. (2) In anterior-posterior bending and torsion conditions, the stable intramedullary nail series also demonstrated lower stress and displacement, indicating good stability and anti-rotational properties. (3) The unique cross-screw design of the stable intramedullary nail series effectively distributed stress applied to the fracture site, reducing the risk of fatigue fractures caused by stress concentration. (4) The stable intramedullary nail demonstrates superior biomechanical performance compared to proximal femoral nail antirotation and InterTAN, with excellent structural stability. Although there is preliminary support for its effectiveness, clinical trials are necessary to verify its long-term efficacy and safety, thereby assessing its application value in actual treatments. 

Key words: femoral intertrochanteric fracture, intramedullary nail, biomechanics, finite element analysis, stable intramedullary nail 

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