中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 120-129.doi: 10.12307/2026.538

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

α-酮戊二酸工程化小细胞外囊泡延缓皮肤衰老

吴芷菁1,2,李加利1,2,张佳昕1,2,王唐蓉1,2,郑煜洲1,2,孙梓暄1,2   

  1. 1江苏大学医学院检验医学系,江苏省镇江市  212013;2镇江市外泌体基础与转化应用高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省镇江市  212013
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 接受日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 孙梓暄,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,江苏大学医学院检验医学系,江苏省镇江市 212013;镇江市外泌体基础与转化应用高技术研究重点实验室,江苏省镇江市 212013
  • 作者简介:吴芷菁,女,2001年生,江苏省江阴市人,汉族,江苏大学在读硕士,主要从事小细胞外囊泡与损伤修复方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82003379),项目负责人:孙梓暄

Alpha-ketoglutarate engineered small extracellular vesicles delay skin aging

Wu Zhijing1, 2, Li Jiali1, 2, Zhang Jiaxin1, 2, Wang Tangrong1, 2, Zheng Yuzhou1, 2, Sun Zixuan1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-15 Accepted:2025-01-21 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Sun Zixuan, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Wu Zhijing, Master candidate, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82003379 (to SZX)

摘要:

文题释义:

小细胞外囊泡:是由细胞分泌的一种直径小于200 nm的具有双层膜结构的纳米囊泡,其中含有蛋白质、核酸和脂质等生物活性成分,在损伤修复方面有巨大的应用前景。
α-酮戊二酸:是一种小分子化合物,参与三羧酸循环,调节细胞能量代谢,作为多种氨基酸的前体,α-酮戊二酸不仅能直接供能还参与多种化学反应。

摘要
背景:无细胞疗法是当今医疗美容抗衰领域的研究热点,人脐带间充质干细胞旁分泌的小细胞外囊泡装载抗衰药物α-酮戊二酸延缓皮肤衰老的作用仍然未知。
目的:探究抗衰老剂α-酮戊二酸工程化人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡在D-半乳糖诱导的真皮成纤维细胞衰老模型中的作用效果。
方法:①通过成骨、成脂分化实验和流式细胞术对原代人脐带间充质干细胞进行生物学特征鉴定;②使用差速-超速离心法获取人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡,使用电穿孔技术构建α-酮戊二酸工程化人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡,通过透射电子显微镜和纳米颗粒跟踪分析仪进行生物学特征鉴定,同时使用高效液相色谱技术评估包封率;③通过CCK-8和Edu细胞增殖检测试剂盒评估α-酮戊二酸对真皮成纤维细胞增殖能力的影响;④使用活性氧检测试剂盒、Western blot、细胞免疫荧光等评价α-酮戊二酸工程化人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡延缓真皮成纤维细胞衰老的作用效果。
结果与结论:①所获取的人脐带间充质干细胞以及人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡符合生物学特征;②当α-酮戊二酸的使用浓度范围在0.5-8 mmol/L时,对真皮成纤维细胞无毒性作用;③D-半乳糖诱导了真皮成纤维细胞的衰老,而α-酮戊二酸工程化人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡处理可以降低真皮纤维细胞氧化应激水平、减少DNA损伤、减少胶原蛋白流失,进一步验证了α-酮戊二酸工程化人脐带间充质干细胞来源小细胞外囊泡可以有效延缓皮肤衰老进程。

关键词: 小细胞外囊泡, 人脐带间充质干细胞, α-酮戊二酸, 衰老, 真皮成纤维细胞, 电穿孔, 氧化应激, DNA损伤, 工程化细胞外囊泡

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell-free therapy is a research hotspot in the field of medical cosmetic anti-aging. It is still unknown for paracellular secretion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles loaded with the antiaging drug α-ketoglutaric acid to delay skin aging.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the anti-aging agent α-ketoglutarate engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in a D-galactose-induced model of dermal fibroblast senescence. 
METHODS: (1) Biological characteristics of primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were identified by osteogenic-lipogenic differentiation staining and flow cytometry. (2) The small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell were obtained by using differential-ultracentrifugation. α-Ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were constructed by electroporation, and biologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyzer, while the encapsulation rate was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography. (3) The effect of α-ketoglutarate on the proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts was assessed by CCK-8 and Edu cell proliferation assay kits. (4) The effect of α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles on delaying the senescence of dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by reactive oxygen species detection kit, western blot assay, and cellular immunofluorescence. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The obtained human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were biologically compatible. (2) There was no toxic effect on dermal fibroblasts when α-ketoglutarate was used in the concentration range of 0.5-8 mmol/L. (3) D-gal induced senescence in dermal fibroblasts, while α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles treatment reduced the level of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and collagen loss, which was further verified that α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles could effectively slow down the skin aging process.

Key words: ">small extracellular vesicle, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, α-ketoglutarate, senescence, dermal fibroblast, electroporation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, engineered extracellular vesicle

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