中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1225-1235.doi: 10.12307/2026.006

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动干预改善2型糖尿病患者的微血管功能

文  凡1,向  阳1,朱  欢1,庹艳芳1,李  锋2   

  1. 1湖北民族大学体育学院,湖北省恩施州   445000;2广西科技大学体育学院,广西壮族自治区柳州市   545000

  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04 接受日期:2025-01-06 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 李锋,博士,副教授,广西科技大学体育学院,广西壮族自治区柳州市 545000
  • 作者简介:文凡,男,1997年生,湖北民族大学体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动健康促进方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2024年湖北民族大学研究生科研创新项目(MYK2024016),项目负责人:文凡;2024年湖北民族大学研究生教育改革项目(MYG2024006),项目负责人:朱欢;2025年湖北省自然科学基金体育创新发展联合基金(JCZRLH202500954),项目负责人:朱欢;广西科技大学博士基金项目(校科博20S07),项目负责人:李锋

Exercise improves microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Wen Fan1, Xiang Yang1, Zhu Huan1, Tuo Yanfang1, Li Feng2   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China; 2School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-11-04 Accepted:2025-01-06 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-06-26
  • Contact: Li Feng, PhD, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wen Fan, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2024 Hubei University for Nationalities Graduate Student Research and Innovation Project, No. MYK2024016 (to WF); 2024 Hubei University for Nationalities Graduate Student Education Reform Project, No. MYG2024006 (to ZH); 2025 Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Sport Innovation and Development, No. JCZRLH202500954 (to ZH); Guangxi University of Science and Technology PhD Fund Project, No. 20S07 (to LF) 

摘要:


文题释义:
微血管:连接细小动脉和细小静脉的血管网络,在人体中发挥着物质交换、调节血流量、维持内环境稳定以及免疫防御等重要作用,确保身体各组织和器官得到充足的血液供应和营养,同时帮助排除代谢废物。
2型糖尿病:一种由多种病因(如遗传、生活方式、体力活动不足等)引起,以慢性血糖升高,伴有脂代谢、蛋白代谢紊乱的代谢综合征。微血管功能障碍是诱导2型糖尿病发生的重要病理生理基础。

背景:运动是改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能的有效方式,近年来已被用于2型糖尿病患者微血管功能障碍的干预治疗,但鲜有研究系统探讨运动类型、运动强度、运动频率、运动量等因素对患者微血管功能的影响,这在一定程度上限制了改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能障碍的精准运动处方制定和研究结果的比较。
目的:探讨运动类型、运动强度、运动频率以及运动量对2型糖尿病患者微血管功能的影响,并提出相应的运动处方建议。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机在中国知网、万方、PubMed等数据库中检索涉及运动改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能的研究,检索时限为2000年1月至2024年10月,中文检索词为“糖尿病,2型糖尿病,微循环,微血管反应性,微血管,毛细血管,血管舒张,血流灌注量,内皮细胞,有氧运动,抗阻运动,高强度运动等”,英文检索词为“diabetes,type 2 diabetes,microvascular,microvascular reactivity,microcirculation,microvessels,capillaries,vasodilation,blood flow,perfusion,endothelial cells,aerobic exercise,resistance exercise,high intensity exercise”,通过快速浏览文章题目及摘要进行筛选,排除与主题关系不密切的文章,最终筛选出60篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①运动是改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能的有效方式,持续12-24周、3-5次/周、运动时间> 30 min、强度介于40%-59%储备摄氧量的有氧运动能改善患者微血管功能;在有氧运动基础上,每周进行两三次全身抗阻运动(50%-85%1RM,隔天进行)或加压抗阻运动能获得更佳的干预效果;②另外,运动改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能具有“剂量-效应”关系,在保障安全的前提下,患者可以通过提高运动量获得更佳的干预效果;③运动改善2型糖尿病患者微血管功能的机制主要与促进内皮细胞释放一氧化氮、血管内皮生长因子及抑制内皮素1释放等有关。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7626-6927 (文凡) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 运动, 2型糖尿病, 微血管功能, 微血管反应性, 内皮细胞, 剪切应力, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. In recent years, exercise has been used as an intervention therapy for microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have systematically explored the influence of factors, such as "exercise type, exercise intensity and amount of exercise," on microvascular function in patients. To some extent, this limits the formulation of precise exercise prescriptions to improve microvascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and the comparison of study results.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exercise type, intensity, frequency and amount of exercise on microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to make suggestions on exercise prescription.
METHODS: The first author used computer to search the studies on the improvement of microvascular function in type 2 diabetes patients involving exercise in CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and other databases. The search terms were “diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, microcirculation, microvascular reactivity, microvessels, capillaries, vasodilation, blood perfusion volume, endothelial cells, shear stress, exercise, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, high-intensity exercise” in Chinese and English. The articles were screened by a quick glance at the article titles and abstracts to exclude those that were not closely related to the topic, and finally 60 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exercise is an effective way to improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aerobic exercise lasting 12-24 weeks, 3-5 times/week, exercise time > 30 minutes and intensity between 40% and 59% reserve oxygen intake can significantly improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. On the basis of aerobic exercise, systemic resistance exercise 2-3 times a week (50%-85% 1RM, every other day) or pressure resistance exercise can obtain better intervention effects. (2) In addition, exercise can improve microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes in a “dose-effect” manner, and patients can get better results from the intervention by increasing the amount of exercise, while maintaining safety. (3) The mechanism of exercise improving microvascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes is mainly related to promoting the release of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor from endothelial cells and inhibiting the release of endothelin1.

Key words: exercise, type 2 diabetes, microvascular function, microvascular reactivity, endothelial cells, shear stress, engineered tissue construction

中图分类号: