中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7041-7047.doi: 10.12307/2025.848

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints •    下一篇

新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统治疗股骨转子间骨折的有限元分析

宋旭彬,吴  斗,赵恩哲,张兴宇,张晓仑,王楚恒   

  1. 山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院),山西省太原市   030032
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20 接受日期:2024-09-14 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 吴斗,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院),山西省太原市 030032
  • 作者简介:宋旭彬,山西省晋城市人,汉族,山西医科大学骨科在读硕士,主要从事创伤骨科领域方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西白求恩医院人才引进科研启动金项目(2021RC028),项目负责人:赵恩哲

Finite element analysis of a new femoral neck spiral blade system to treat femoral intertrochanteric fractures

Song Xubin, Wu Dou, Zhao Enzhe, Zhang Xingyu, Zhang Xiaolun, Wang Chuheng   

  1. Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-20 Accepted:2024-09-14 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Wu Dou, MD, Chief physician, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Song Xubin, Master candidate, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital), Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Bethune Hospital Talent Introduction Research Start-up Fund Project, No. 2021RC028 (to ZEZ)

摘要:


文题释义:

股骨转子间骨折:系指股骨颈基底至小转子水平以上部位所发生的骨折,亦为老年人常见的损伤。
有限元分析:利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统(几何和载荷工况)进行模拟。利用简单而又相互作用的元素(即单元),就可以用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。


背景:股骨转子间骨折目前以股骨近端防旋髓内钉为代表的髓内固定为主流手术方案,但术后内固定松动、失效、退钉等现象仍有发生。作者设计了一款新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统来解决这个问题,通过有限元研究对该系统进行力学分析,来为设计提供理论依据。

目的:通过有限元研究对比分析新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统和股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的力学特性。
方法:在股骨有限元模型的基础上,根据2018版AO骨折分型原则建立A1.2、A2.2股骨转子间骨折模型,分别采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉和新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统固定,在股骨头的上方施加700,1 400,2 100 N的轴向载荷,观察各组模型的最大等效应力和最大变形量,比较分析两种内固定方式的力学特性。

结果与结论:①新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统组在不同压缩载荷作用下,其内固定的最大等效应力均小于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组;②A1.2型骨折模型中,在不同压缩载荷下,新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统固定下股骨的变形量均小于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组,两者差值的平均值为1.113 mm;A2.2型骨折模型中亦是如此,两者差值的平均值为2.017 mm;③A1.2型骨折模型中,在不同的压缩载荷下,新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统固定下螺旋刀片的最大变形量均小于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组,两者差值的平均值为1.062 mm;A2.2型骨折模型中亦是如此,两者差值的平均值为1.891 mm;④表明相较于股骨近端防旋髓内钉,新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统的内固定应力值更小,固定后股骨及内固定的位移值更小,可以更加有效地固定骨折,防止螺旋刀片在股骨颈中退钉或切出。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6052-2386 (宋旭彬) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 新型股骨颈螺旋刀片系统, 股骨转子间骨折, 有限元分析, 等效应力, 压缩载荷, 力学特性, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, there is a main kind of operation, which is represented by the proximal femoral nail antirotation, to treat femoral intertrochanteric fractures, but some sequelae still occur such as internal fixation loosening, failure, and nail withdrawal. We designed a new femoral neck spiral blade system to solve this problem, so we analyze the mechanical structure by the finite element method that can be regard as the theoretical basis for the system.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of the new femoral neck spiral blade system and the proximal femoral nail antirotation in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture by the finite element method.
METHODS: Based on the finite element model of the femur, the A1.2 and A2.2 femoral intertrochanteric fracture models were established according to the AO fracture classification principle of 2018 edition. The models were fixed with the proximal femoral nail antirotation and the new internal fixation system, applying an axial load of 700, 1 400, and 2 100 N above the femoral head. The mechanical characteristics of the two internal fixation methods were respectively compared and analyzed by observing the maximum equivalent stress and the maximum deformation of each group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum equivalent stress of the new internal fixation group under different compressive loads was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group. (2) In the A1.2 fracture model, under different compression loads, the deformation of the new internal fixation system was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group, and the average value of difference between the two was 1.113 mm; the result of the A2.2 type fracture model was the same as that in the A1.1 with an average value of difference of 2.017 mm between the two. (3) In the A1.2 fracture model, under different compressive loads, the maximum deformation of the spiral blade fixed by the new internal fixation system was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group, and the average value of difference between the two was 1.062 mm; the result of the A2.2 type fracture model was the same as that in the A1.1 with an average value of difference of 1.891 mm between the two. (4) The results indicate that the new femoral neck spiral blade system has a lower internal fixation stress value compared to the proximal femoral nail antirotation, and a smaller displacement value of the femur after fixation and internal fixation. It can more effectively fix fractures and prevent the spiral blade from retracting or cutting out in the femoral neck. 

Key words: new femoral neck spiral blade system, femoral intertrochanteric fracture, finite element analysis, equivalent stress, compression load, mechanical property, biomechanics

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