中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 7839-7847.doi: 10.12307/2025.749

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

工程化细胞外囊泡修复骨缺损的再生作用

周  洋1,2,刘可鑫3,王得利1,孙  璋2   

  1. 1牡丹江医科大学口腔医学院,黑龙江省牡丹江市  157011;牡丹江医科大学附属红旗医院,2口腔科,3骨科,黑龙江省牡丹江市  157011
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05 接受日期:2024-10-31 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 孙璋,硕士,主治医师,牡丹江医科大学附属红旗医院口腔科,黑龙江省牡丹江市 157011
  • 作者简介:周洋,1986年生,黑龙江省牡丹江市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事口腔及骨生物医学材料和再生修复相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(20230808030122),项目负责人:周洋;2020年度黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(2020-KYYWFMY-0766),项目负责人:周洋

Regenerative effects of engineered extracellular vesicles on repairing bone defects

Zhou Yang1, 2, Liu Kexin3, Wang Deli1, Sun Zhang2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; 2Department of Stomatology, 3Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-05 Accepted:2024-10-31 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-03-17
  • Contact: Sun Zhang, MM, Attending physician, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Yang, MS, School of Stomatology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission Research Project, No. 20230808030122 (to ZY); 2020 Basic Research Business Expenses Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Higher Education Institutions, No. 2020-KYYWFMY-0766 (to ZY)

摘要:

文题释义:

工程化细胞外囊泡:通过对天然来源的细胞外囊泡进行特定的改造或操控,如在细胞外囊泡表面添加功能配体使其可以靶向受体细胞,或向细胞外囊泡内部装载指定的内容物使其成为药物载体,从而增强细胞外囊泡在再生医学中的治疗功能。
骨缺损:指由骨质疏松性骨折、创伤、炎症反应、恶性肿瘤和各种其他因素,导致骨组织局部缺失或不完整的情况。骨缺损可能影响骨骼的强度和功能,并且根据缺损的大小和部位,可能需要通过骨移植或再生修复手段来促进骨再生和恢复正常功能。

摘要
背景:近年来细胞外囊泡在骨缺损再生修复领域受到广泛关注。然而,天然细胞外囊泡在持续控释、组织靶向性和载药能力等方面存在不足。因此,引入工程化策略对细胞外囊泡进行改造,提高其治疗效果,成为当前研究的热点。
目的:对工程化细胞外囊泡在骨缺损再生修复中的作用和应用进展做一综述。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库中近15年的相关文献,英文检索词为“engineering,extracellular vesicles,exosomes,bone defect,bone regeneration,bone repair”,中文检索词为“工程化,细胞外囊泡,外泌体,骨缺损,骨再生,骨修复”。经过筛选,排除相关性差、陈旧和重复的文献,对最终符合标准的93篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①细胞外囊泡主要是基于密度、大小、免疫亲和力或表面电荷进行分离的,分离后依赖成像技术、基于尺寸测定和计数的技术以及流式细胞术进行表征;②细胞外囊泡通过调节免疫、血管生成、靶细胞的增殖与分化来刺激骨再生;③细胞外囊泡的工程化策略包括表面修饰和内容物装载2个方面;④利用工程化策略向细胞外囊泡引入骨形态发生蛋白2、突变缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子、miRNA和其他生物活性因子可以增强骨缺损再生修复能力。

关键词: 工程化, 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 骨缺损, 骨再生, 骨修复

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles have received extensive attention in the field of bone defect regeneration and repair in recent years. However, natural extracellular vesicles have deficiencies in sustained controlled release, tissue targeting, and drug loading capacity. Therefore, the introduction of engineering strategies to modify extracellular vesicles to enhance their therapeutic efficacy has become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE: To review the role and application progress of engineered extracellular vesicles in the regeneration and repair of bone defects.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles published in the past fifteen years. The search terms were “engineering, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, bone defect, bone regeneration, bone repair” in Chinese and English. After removal of poorly related, outdated, and duplicate studies by screening, 93 articles were finally included for review according to inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Extracellular vesicles are primarily isolated based on their density, size, immunoaffinity, and surface charge. After isolation, extracellular vesicles are characterized using imaging techniques, size- and counting-based techniques, and flow cytometry. (2) Extracellular vesicles stimulate bone regeneration by regulating immunity, angiogenesis, and proliferation and differentiation of target cells. (3) The engineering strategies of extracellular vesicles include surface modification and cargo loading. (4) The introduction of bone morphogenetic protein 2, mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, miRNA and other bioactive factors into extracellular vesicles through engineering strategies can enhance their regenerative repair ability for bone defects.


Key words: engineering, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, bone defects, bone regeneraton, bone repair

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