中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5924-5932.doi: 10.12307/2025.826

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童肱骨髁上骨折的内外侧和外侧固定比较:系统综述与荟萃分析

陈  臻1,陈  曦1,李晓婷2,陈达鑫1,洪伟武1   

  1. 汕头市中心医院,1中医骨伤病区,2针灸科,广东省汕头市   515000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13 接受日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 陈臻,硕士,主治医师,汕头市中心医院中医骨伤病区,广东省汕头市 515000
  • 作者简介:陈臻,男,1986年生,2012年广州中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事儿童闭合性骨折的保守治疗、成人退行性骨关节疾病的综合治疗研究。
  • 基金资助:
    汕头市科技计划医疗卫生类别项目(191220175263010),项目负责人:陈臻

Comparison of medial-lateral and lateral-only fixation for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen Zhen1, Chen Xi1, Li Xiaoting2, Chen Daxin1, Hong Weiwu1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2Department of Acupuncture, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-13 Accepted:2024-07-26 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: Chen Zhen, MS, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Zhen, MS, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Plan Medical and Health Category Project, No. 191220175263010 (to CZ)

摘要:

文题释义

儿童肱骨髁上骨折:肱骨髁上骨折是指肱骨远端内外髁上方的骨折,以小儿多见,其临床表现主要以肘部肿胀、剧痛及活动受限为主,若治疗不及时或不当,可能会造成运动功能损害,甚至可引起血管、神经及肌肉损伤。
内外侧交叉克氏针固定:是指在骨折治疗中,闭合复位后由外侧垂直于骨折线置入克氏针后,再从内上髁置入克氏针固定的一种固定
方式。

摘要
目的:肱骨髁上骨折是儿童肘部骨折中最常见的类型,对于移位的肱骨髁上骨折,闭合复位固定是首选的治疗方案,但是对于选择合适的技术仍存在分歧。因而,此次荟萃分析旨在评估单侧和双侧交叉钉固定对儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。 
方法:全面检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和 the Cochrane Library建库以来至2023-01-06发表的相关随机对照试验,比较儿童肱骨髁上骨折内外侧交叉固定和单纯外侧固定两种术式的疗效差异,主要观察指标是影像学结果(Baumann角丢失、提携角丢失)、肘关节功能和常见并发症(医源性尺神经损伤、针道感染)。 
结果:①共纳入18项研究;②两组Baumann角丢失(P=0.47)、提携角丢失(P=0.47)情况相比无统计学差异;外侧固定组与内外侧交叉固定组关节功能恢复评分优秀的患儿比例分别为70.7%和74.9%,差异无显著性意义(P=0.12);两组在针道感染发生率上同样无统计学差异(P=0.9),但内外侧交叉固定组医源性尺神经损伤的风险更高(P=0.02);③然而,当采用小切口联合探查时,内外侧交叉固定组尺神经损伤的频率与外侧固定组相比无统计学差异(P=0.2);④在Gartland Ⅲ型亚组中,两组在关节功能恢复评分优秀率(P=0.13)、尺神经损伤(P=0.13)和针道感染(P=0.61)方面均无统计学差异。
结论:荟萃分析结果显示,与外侧固定技术相比,内外侧交叉固定方法更容易造成前臂的医源性神经损伤,但同时也增加了结构的稳定性。不过,通过小切口方法联合内外侧交叉固定似乎可以降低患者神经损伤的风险。因此,儿童肱骨髁上骨折治疗采用小切口结合内外侧交叉固定可能是一种既保证结构稳定、又安全的固定方法。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 肱骨髁上骨折, 外侧固定, 内外侧交叉固定, 外科固定, 尺神经损伤, 荟萃分析, 骨科植入物

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common type of elbow fractures in children. Closed reduction fixation is the preferred treatment for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures. However, there is still disagreement over the choice of the right technology. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of unilateral and bilateral cross-pinning in children with supracondylar humeral fractures, and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. 
METHODS: A comprehensive search of relevant randomized controlled trials published from inception to January 6, 2023 was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to compare the difference between two types of intralateral cross fixation and lateral fixation in children with supracondylar humeral fractures. The main outcome measures were imaging results (Baumann angle loss and carrying angle loss), elbow function results, and common complications (iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury and needle tract infection). 
RESULTS: (1) A total of 18 studies were included. (2) There was no statistical difference in the imaging results of Baumann angle loss (P=0.47) and carrying angle loss (P=0.47) between the two groups. The proportion of excellent children with joint function recovery score was 70.7% and 74.9% in the lateral fixation group and medial-lateral cross fixation group, with no statistical difference (P=0.12). There was also no statistically significant difference in the incidence of needle tract infection between the two groups (P=0.9), but the risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury was higher in the medial-lateral cross fixation group (P=0.02). (3) However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of ulnar nerve injury in the intralateral cross fixation group when combined exploration with mini-open approach was performed compared with lateral fixation alone (P=0.2). (4) In the Gartland type III subgroup, there were no significant differences in joint functional recovery scores (P=0.13), ulnar nerve injury (P=0.13), and needle tract infection (P=0.61). 
CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis reveals that compared with the lateral fixation technique, the medial-lateral cross fixation method is more likely to cause iatrogenic nerve injury in the forearm, but it also increases the stability of the structure. However, the small incision method combined with the medial-lateral cross fixation seems to reduce the risk of nerve injury in patients. Thus, the therapy of children with displaced supracondylar humeral fractures involves medial-lateral crossing pinning fixation using a mini-open approach as a reliable and secure method.

Key words: supracondylar humeral fractures, lateral fixation, medial-lateral cross fixation, surgical fixation, ulnar nerve injury, meta-analysis, orthopedic implants

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