中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 5688-5694.doi: 10.12307/2025.709

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

外周神经轴突损伤中沃勒变性的细胞生物学机制#br#

沙拉依丁·艾尔西丁1,2,艾克拜尔江·艾赛提1,2,库提鲁克·守克尔1,2,古丽米热·依力哈木3,艾克热木江·木合热木1,2   

  1. 新疆医科大学第六附属医院,1骨科,2骨科再生医学重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830002;3新疆医科大学第一附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-12 接受日期:2024-09-21 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 艾克热木江·木合热木,博士,主任医师,副教授,硕士生导师,新疆医科大学第六附属医院骨科,骨科再生医学重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市830002
  • 作者简介:沙拉依丁·艾尔西丁,男,1999年生,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人,维吾尔族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨科再生医学相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目 (2022D01C330),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;国家自然科学基金面上项目 (82374487),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;国家自然科学基金地区项目 (82260252),项目负责人: 艾克热木江·木合热木;新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目 (2022D01C331),项目参与人:艾克热木江·木合热木;省部共建中亚高发病成因与防治国家重点实验室开放课题面上项目(SKL-HIDCA-2022-16),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;新疆医科大学重点科研项目(XYD2024ZX09),项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木;“天池英才”引进计划青年博士项目,项目负责人:艾克热木江·木合热木

Cellular biomechanisms of Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerve axon injury

Shalayiding·Aierxiding1, 2, Aikebaierjiang·Aisaiti1,2, Kutiluke·Shoukeer1, 2, Gulimire·Yilihamu3, Aikeremujiang·Muheremu1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 3The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-07-12 Accepted:2024-09-21 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2025-02-28
  • Contact: Aikeremujiang·Muheremu, MD, Chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Shalayiding·Aierxiding, Master’s candidate, Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (General Program), No. 2022D01C330 (to AM); National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82374487 (to AM); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Program), No. 82260252 (to AM); Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (General Program), 2022D01C331 (to AM [project participant]); Provincial-Ministerial Jointly-Built State Key Laboratory of Causes and Prevention of High Morbidity in Central Asia Open Topic Faceted Project, No. SKL-HIDCA-2022-16 (to AM); Key Scientific Research Program of Xinjiang Medical University, No. XYD2024ZX09 (to AM); “Tianchi Talent” Young Doctoral Project (to AM) 

摘要:


文题释义:
沃勒变性:由于各种创伤、牵拉、缺血、高低温、电击等原因,直接使神经纤维轴突受损中断,导致外周神经远段发生轴突退化、髓鞘分解消失、神经鞘膜增生等一系列蜕变和细胞吞噬过程,称为沃勒变性,以英国伦敦内科医师奥古斯都·沃勒的名字命名。 
外周神经损伤:主要由于各种原因引起受外周神经支配的区域出现感觉障碍、运动障碍和营养障碍。外周神经是指中枢神经(脑和脊髓)以外的神经,包括12对脑神经、31对脊神经和自主神经(交感神经、副交感神经)。

背景:外周神经系统的成功再生依赖于损伤的神经元轴突和非神经元细胞,包括施万细胞和免疫细胞。促进或限制轴突再生的细胞过程对改善外周神经损伤后的预后具有指导意义。
目的:综述沃勒变性过程中周围神经轴突退化与再生的机制及最新治疗进展。
方法:利用计算机检索Web of Science核心数据库、万方数据库和中国知网2004-2024年期间发表的相关文献。中文检索词为“周围神经,外周神经,轴突损伤,沃勒氏变性,华勒氏变性,瓦勒变性,许旺细胞,雪旺细胞,施万细胞”,英文检索词为“peripheral nerve injury,axon injury,axon degeneration,Wallerian degeneration,cells,mechanism”。最终对108篇文献展开综述。
结果与结论:沃勒变性是一种动态的细胞过程,在细胞和分子水平上受到严格的调控。通过揭示沃勒变性的主要作用和细胞分子生物学机制,为理解沃勒变性和沃勒样变性提供一个有用的框架,并为开发新的治疗策略奠定基础,以治疗神经损伤和神经退行性疾病的轴突变性。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7104-4567(沙拉依丁·艾尔西丁);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-9644(艾克热木江·木合热木)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 周围神经, 沃勒变性, 轴突损伤, 轴突再生, 施万细胞, 髓鞘, 细胞生物学, 机制, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful regeneration of the peripheral nervous system relies on the damaged neuronal axons and non-neuronal cells, including Schwann cells and immune cells. The cellular processes that promote or limit axonal regeneration will be instructive in improving prognosis after peripheral nerve injury.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms and recent therapeutic advances in peripheral nerve axonal degeneration and regeneration during Wallerian degeneration.
METHODS: Utilizing computer-based searches, relevant articles published between 2004 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, WanFang Database, and CNKI Database. The search terms included “peripheral nerve injury, axon injury, axon degeneration, Wallerian degeneration, cells, mechanism” in English and Chinese. Finally, 108 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Wallerian degeneration is a dynamic cellular process that is tightly regulated at the cellular and molecular levels. By unravelling the major roles and cellular molecular biological basis of Wallerian degeneration, it provides a useful framework for understanding Wallerian and Wallerian-like degeneration and lays the foundation for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat peripheral nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

Key words: peripheral nerves, Wallerian degeneration, axonal injury, axonal regeneration, Schwann cells, myelin, cellular biology, mechanism, review

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