中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (29): 4677-4684.doi: 10.12307/2024.586

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

可穿戴式阻力训练对下肢移动能力影响的研究进展

董兆静1,蒋东廷2,罗新建3,晏  冰4,汪  洋4,凌晓宇5   

  1. 1中国地质大学附属中学特色发展中心,北京市  100083;北京体育大学,2竞技体育学院,4中国运动与健康研究院,5运动医学与康复学院,北京市  100084;3中国地质大学(武汉)体育学院,湖北省武汉市  430074
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21 接受日期:2024-01-05 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 蒋东廷,博士,北京体育大学竞技体育学院,北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:董兆静,女,1995年生,甘肃省人,汉族,中国地质大学附属中学特色发展中心教师,硕士,主要从事体育教育与运动训练研究。

Research progress on effects of wearable resistance training on lower limb movement ability

Dong Zhaojing1, Jiang Dongting2, Luo Xinjian3, Yan Bing4, Wang Yang4, Ling Xiaoyu5   

  1. 1Special Development Center, Affiliated High School of China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China; 3School of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China; 4China Institute of Sport and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; 5School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2023-11-21 Accepted:2024-01-05 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-03-22
  • Contact: Jiang Dongting, PhD, Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Dong Zhaojing, Master, Special Development Center, Affiliated High School of China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要:


文题释义:

可穿戴式阻力训练:主要是通过特殊设计的可穿戴式阻力装备(例如负重背心、腰带、腕带和腿带等)来为日常活动或者运动训练提供额外的阻力负荷,促使抗阻训练与更多的动作模式相结合,是一种高效的专项体能训练方法。
下肢移动能力:主要是指人体利用下肢进行跑步移动的综合能力,主要可划分为线性移动(冲刺跑)能力和非线性移动(变向跑)能力,涉及到下肢功能多方面的协调与配合,包括肌肉速度、力量、协调和平衡等。


背景:卓越的下肢移动能力被视作是赢得比赛的先决条件之一,可穿戴式阻力训练能够有效克服传统力量训练在提高下肢移动能力时所面临的能力转化效率不足的问题。考虑到基于不同身体部位的可穿戴式阻力训练对下肢移动能力的影响可能存在显著的差异化特征,深入回顾并总结其具体应用策略以及急性与慢性干预效果则显得尤为重要。

目的:旨在通过梳理与分析基于不同身体部位的可穿戴式阻力训练在下肢移动能力方面的急性和慢性干预效果,从而为优化下肢运动能力的应用策略提供思路借鉴和方法参考。
方法:检索各大数据库建库至2023年10月发表的文献,在中国知网、万方、维普、Web of Science、Medline、SPORTDiscus和PubMed数据库进行文献检索,以“手臂,前臂,肢体,腿,下肢,背,躯干,阻力,重量,负重,冲刺,灵敏,变向”为中文检索词,以“arm,forearm,limb,leg,lower extremity,vest,trunk,resist,weight,load,sprint,agility,change of direction”为英文检索词,筛选检索结果后最终纳入文献60篇进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①6%-20%BM的躯干负重适用于优化加速跑,≤6%BM的躯干负重适用于优化高速跑,5%BM的躯干负重适用于优化变向移动;前臂、小腿或大腿负重多采用1%BM或2%BM。②躯干负重通过增加垂直负重来优化下肢拉伸-缩短循环的功能表现、提升地面反作用力的利用效率和增强全身肌群的协调稳定控制;前臂负重可有效增强上肢摆臂驱动力、提升下肢冲刺推进力和优化肢体间的协同配合效率;小腿负重可对髋关节的功能执行形成限制,进而导致膝或踝关节产生局部性的负荷刺激加重和代偿性的运动功能增强;大腿负重会部分限制膝关节的伸展峰值角度和伸展速度,针对髋关节部位形成特定的负荷刺激,显著提高其旋转动能输出。③在进行更大角度的变向移动时,小腿负重比大腿负重所产生的影响更为显著,大腿负重刺激有助于增强动力输出,小腿负重刺激有助于提升稳定控制与方向变换。④目前,可穿戴式阻力训练已被证明是改善冲刺和变向移动能力的有效途径,旨在提升冲刺表现的方法学策略已较为成熟,而旨在提升变向表现的最佳应用方案仍有待进一步的细化与优化,建议后续研究对此领域予以补充。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0584-0596(董兆静);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2321-0989(蒋东廷)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 可穿戴式阻力训练, 冲刺跑, 加速跑, 变向, 灵敏, 运动表现

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Superior lower limb mobility is regarded as one of the prerequisites for winning competitions. Wearable resistance training can effectively overcome the deficiency in the transfer efficiency of traditional strength training in enhancing lower limb mobility. Considering that the impact of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility may have significant differentiated characteristics, it is particularly important to review and summarize the specific application strategies and acute and chronic intervention effects.
OBJECTIVE: To comb and analyze acute and chronic intervention effects of wearable resistance training based on different body parts on lower limb mobility, in order to provide insightful and methodological references for optimizing application strategies for lower limb movement ability.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, Medline, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed databases for publications up to October 2023. Chinese and English search terms were “arm, forearm, limb, leg, lower extremity, vest, trunk, resist, weight, load, sprint, agility, change of direction”. A total of 60 articles were ultimately included for review after screening the retrieval results.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Trunk loading of 6-20% of body mass is suitable for optimizing acceleration in sprinting, while trunk loading of ≤6% body mass is suitable for optimizing high-speed running. A trunk load of 5% body mass is applicable for optimizing change-of-direction movement; forearm, calf, or thigh loading often uses 1% or 2% body mass. (2) Trunk loading optimizes the functional performance of the lower limb stretch-shortening cycle by increasing vertical load. This enhances the efficiency of ground reaction force utilization and strengthens the coordinated stability control of the whole body musculature. Forearm loading effectively enhances the driving force of the upper limb swing, improves the propulsive force of the lower limb sprint, and optimizes the efficiency of inter-limb coordination. Calf loading can impose restrictions on the function of the hip joint, thereby leading to localized load stimulation and compensatory functional enhancement in the knee or ankle joint. Thigh loading partially restricts the peak extension angle and speed of the knee joint, creates specific load stimulation at the hip joint, and significantly improves its rotational kinetic energy output. (3) During larger-angle change-of-direction movements, the impact of calf loading is more significant than thigh loading. Thigh loading stimulation helps to enhance power output, while calf loading stimulation aids in improving stability control and directional change. (4) Currently, wearable resistance training has been proven to be an effective way to improve sprint and change-of-direction performance. The methodological strategies to improve sprint performance are relatively mature, but the optimal application scheme to improve change-of-direction performance needs to be further refined and optimized. Further research is recommended to supplement this area.

Key words: wearable resistance training, sprint, accelerative running, change direction, agility, movement performance

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