中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 980-984.doi: 10.12307/2022.189

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    

骨质疏松性骨折治疗效果的改善:研究现状及策略分析

彭  坤   

  1. 重庆医药高等专科学校,重庆市   401331
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-27 修回日期:2021-04-28 接受日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2021-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 彭坤,重庆医药高等专科学校,重庆市 401331
  • 作者简介:彭坤,男,1982年生,博士,重庆市人,汉族,2015年重庆大学毕业,副教授,主要从事生物医学和智能医学的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2018jcyjAX0828),项目负责人:彭坤;重庆市高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划(2016),项目负责人:彭坤

Improvement of the treatment effect of osteoporotic fractures: research status and strategy analysis

Peng Kun   

  1. Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Received:2021-04-27 Revised:2021-04-28 Accepted:2021-06-01 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2021-12-08
  • Contact: Peng Kun, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
  • About author:Peng Kun, MD, Associate professor, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No. cstc2018jcyjAX0828 (to PK); the Program for Young Backbone Teachers of Colleges and Universities in Chongqing, No. 2016 (to PK)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨质疏松性骨折:在骨强度下降导致骨折危险性增加的总体情况下,出现骨厚度(密度)降低、密质骨和骨小梁的比例失调、骨小梁中“节”的数量减少、破骨细胞造成小梁的横断、骨形成不足、骨基质(类骨质)的矿化不足、错误修复机制、胶原分子的结构和结合(交联)异常等现象,造成外源性生物力学性质和内源性生物机械性质降低,进而发生骨的“急性不连续”。
生长因子:它一般是多肽类物质,按照一定规则,可与细胞膜上的受体一对一结合,具有较强的专一性。它通常具有调节细胞生长、促进细胞发育等生物功能。常见的生长因子有骨形成蛋白、神经生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子及力生长因子等。

背景:随着中国人口老龄化程度日趋加重,骨质疏松性骨折发生人群的规模也逐渐增大,如何改善治疗效果,提升人民群众健康生活水平,正受到临床医生、工程师和科研人员的重视。
目的:综述改善骨质疏松性骨折治疗效果的研究进展,提出治疗效果改善方案。
方法:应用计算机检索万方医学网、中国知网、PubMed及Elsevier数据库收录的相关文献。中文检索词为“骨质疏松症、骨折、手术治疗、植入物、抗骨质疏松治疗、生长因子”,英文检索词为 “Osteoporosis,Fractures,Surgical Treatment,Implants,Anti-osteoporosis Treatment,Growth Factors”。检索文献时限为2010-2020年,最终纳入48篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①目前,通过优化手术治疗环节和抗骨质疏松性治疗环节,均可一定程度上改善修复效果;在手术环节中利用骨挤压术,可提高短期植入物与骨折患处骨组织融合度;利用锁定钢板固定技术,可改善骨折患处骨组织的生长和恢复;手术中以自体骨、异体骨、人工骨材料和陶瓷材料等作为植入物,可充盈骨缺损部分,但仍然存在供体有限、需要二次手术、存在免疫排斥反应和生物活性不足等问题。②可降解聚合材料因具备良好的生物安全性、生物相容性、可塑性和可改造性,是用于骨质疏松性骨折修复的研究热点材料。③在骨质疏松性骨折药物治疗环节中,引入淫羊藿和二膦酸盐等药物并配合手术治疗,可取得更好的综合治疗效果。④研究表明,典型代表的力学敏感因子——力生长因子Ct24E对于成骨细胞的黏附、增殖、分化和矿化具有促进作用。⑤个性化设计的骨科植入物需要具备符合骨组织形成的三维空间结构,而3D打印技术可提供与患者骨折部位配备的物理结构。⑥因此,作者在综合分析了手术环节、植入物、药物和生长因子4个方面的治疗效果后认为,利用力生长因子、抗骨质疏松药物和可降解聚合物研制出复合型的植入物,再叠加3D打印技术,配合先进的外科修复手段来修复质疏松性骨折,可促进骨组织生长,改善骨质量,增强融合度并提供合适的三维空间结构,即可达到综合改善骨质疏松性骨折的治疗效果。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-7893 (彭坤) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松症, 骨折, 骨挤压术, 锁定钢板固定, 植入物, 抗骨质疏松治疗, 生长因子

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing aging of China’s population, the number of people with osteoporotic fracture is also gradually increasing. How to improve the treatment effect and improve people’s healthy living standards is attracting the attention of clinicians, engineers and researchers.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of improving the treatment effect of osteoporotic fracture, and propose a improvement plan of treatment effect.
METHODS: The relevant articles were searched from Wanfang Medical Database, CNKI Database, PubMed Database, and Elsevier Database by computer. The search terms were “osteoporosis, fractures, surgical treatment, implants, anti-osteoporosis treatment, growth factors” in Chinese and English. The time was limited from 2010 to 2020. Finally, 48 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, the therapeutic effect can be improved by optimizing surgical treatment and anti-osteoporosis treatment. The surgery of bone compression can improve fusion degree between the short-term implant and fracture site bone tissue. The use of locking plate fixation technology can improve the growth and recovery of bone tissue at the fracture site. During the operation, autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, artificial bone materials, and ceramic materials were used as implants, which could fill the bone defect, but there were still some problems , such as limited donor, secondary operation, immune rejection, and insufficient biological activity. (2) Biodegradable polymeric materials, with good biosecurity, biocompatibility, plasticity, and remodelability, are hotspot in the research of osteoporotic fracture repair materials. (3) The introduction of Epimedium, bisphosphonates, and other drugs achieved better therapeutic effect than surgery alone. (4) Mechano growth factor-Ct24E as a typical force growth factor is conducive to improving the therapeutic effect, which promotes the adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. (5) Individually designed orthopedic implants need to have a three-dimensional structure that conforms to the formation of bone tissue. Three-dimensional printing technology can provide a physical structure that matches the patient’s fracture site. (6) In addition, after comprehensively analyzing the therapeutic effects of four aspects, including surgical procedures, implants, drugs, and growth factors, the author thinks that using force growth factor, anti-osteoporosis drug, biodegradable polymer, composite implants, and the application of three-dimensional printing technology together, and cooperating with the surgical treatment of advanced technology, can promote the growth of bone tissue, improve bone quality, enhance fusion, and obtain proper three-dimensional structure, and achieve comprehensive improvement of the treatment effect of osteoporotic fractures.

Key words: osteoporosis, fracture, bone compression, locking plate fixation, implant, anti-osteoporosis therapy, growth factor

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