中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (34): 5511-5516.doi: 10.12307/2021.248

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

宏基因组学与种植体周围炎

刘官娟,宋  娜,安哲庆,孙  菁,廖  健   

  1. 贵州医科大学口腔医学院/附属口腔医院,贵州省贵阳市   550004
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-27 修回日期:2020-08-29 接受日期:2020-09-26 出版日期:2021-12-08 发布日期:2021-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 廖健,博士,副教授,副主任医师,硕士生导师,贵州医科大学口腔医学院修复学教研室,贵州医科大学附属口腔
  • 作者简介:刘官娟,女,1996年生,贵州省黔西县人,汉族,贵州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔修复与种植学研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660179),项目负责人:廖健

Metagenomics and peri-implantitis

Liu Guanjuan, Song Na, An Zheqing, Sun Jing, Liao Jian   

  1. School of Stomatology/Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-08-27 Revised:2020-08-29 Accepted:2020-09-26 Online:2021-12-08 Published:2021-07-27
  • Contact: Liao Jian, MD, Associate professor, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology/Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Liu Guanjuan, Master candidate, School of Stomatology/Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660179 (to LJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
宏基因组学:又叫微生物环境基因组学、元基因组学,其直接分离环境样本中的所有遗传物质,用现代测序技术测定样本的全部DNA,根据所测得的所有序列研究微生物的物种组成及其群落特征,是在微生物基因组学基础上发展起来的一种研究微生物多样性、开发新的生理活性物质(或获得新基因)的新理念和新方法。
种植体周围炎:即出现在种植体周围软硬组织的炎症,在临床上常表现为牙龈或牙周黏膜充血、肿胀、溢脓,种植体周围有较深的牙周袋或骨袋形成,种植体松动达到或超过1度,X射线片显示种植体颈部或体部周围有透射影。
背景:目前与种植体周围炎相关的微生物尚不完全明确,宏基因组学作为一种不用培养的研究微生物多样性的方法,正逐渐应用于口腔微生物的研究中。
目的:综述宏基因组学与种植体周围炎中的关系。
方法:以“宏基因组学,高通量测序,种植体周围炎,二代测序”为中文检索词,以“metagenomics,high throughput sequencing,  peri-implantitis,next-generation sequencing”为英文检索词,由第一作者通过计算机在PubMed、WILEY、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库检索1998年1月至2020年8月已发表的相关文献,选择与宏基因组学和种植体周围炎相关的文献进行综述。
结果与结论:种植体周围炎可能是一种多细菌感染,其致病机制尚不明确。宏基因组学作为一种不用培养的鉴定微生物的方法,通过提取特定环境中所有样本的DNA,与建立好的基因组文库进行对比,分析样本中所有的遗传物质,研究微生物的组成和群落特征。培养组学是利用多种培养条件来进行细菌培养的方法,其利用基质辅助激光解吸时间质谱法来鉴定微生物的种类。虽然宏基因组学和培养组学是不同的分析方法,但目的都是一样的,即在特定的生态系统中检测尽可能多的微生物种类。宏基因组学结合分子分析技术及培养组学共同用于种植体周围炎的研究,势必会加快种植体周围炎的认识进程,宏基因组学也会随着种植体周围炎的认识进程而得到进步。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-170X (刘官娟) 

关键词: 种植体, 宏基因组学, 高通量测序, 种植体周围炎, 二代测序, PCR和16srRNA, 培养组学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the microorganisms associated with peri-implantitis are not completely clear. As a method of studying microbial diversity without culture, metagenomics is gradually applied to the study of oral microorganisms.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application of metagenomics in peri-implantitis.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, WILEY, Web of Science and CNKI databases using computer for relevant articles published from January 1998 to August 2020. The search terms were “metagenomics, high-throughput sequencing, peri-implantitis, next-generation sequencing” in English and Chinese, respectively. The articles related to metagenomics and peri-implantitis were reviewed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Peri-implantitis may be caused by multi-bacterial infection, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Metagenomics, as a method of identifying microorganisms without culture, extracts DNA from all samples in a specific environment, and then compares them with the established genomic library. All the genetic materials in the samples were analyzed, and the composition and community characteristics of microorganisms were studied. Culturomics is a method that uses a variety of culture conditions to culture bacteria. It uses matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to identify microbical species. Although metagenomics and culturomics are different analysis methods, the aim is the same; that is, to detect as many microbial species as possible in a specific ecosystem. Metagenomics, combined with molecular analysis technology and culturomics used in the study of peri-implantitis, will accelerate the process of understanding peri-implantitis, and metagenomics will be improved with the understanding process of peri-implantitis.

Key words: implant, metagenomics, high-throughput sequencing, peri-implantitis, next generation sequencing, PCR and 16S rRNA, culturomics

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