中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (14): 2241-2247.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1666

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米材料应用在肿瘤诊断与治疗中:呈一体化的趋势

陈 岳1,张天可1,2,徐 勇1   

  1. 1天津医科大学第二医院泌尿外科,天津市 300211;2南开大学附属人民医院肛肠科,天津市 300121
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-07
  • 作者简介:陈岳,男,1983年生,天津市人,汉族,博士,主治医师,主要从事泌尿外科相关临床和基础研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31771100),项目负责人:陈岳

Nanomaterials applied in tumor imaging diagnosis and treatment: an integration tendency

Chen Yue1, Zhang Tianke1, 2, Xu Yong1   

  1. 1Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; 2Department of Anorectum, People’s Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
  • Received:2019-01-07
  • About author:Chen Yue, MD, Attending physician, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 31771100 (to CY)

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

文题释义:
纳米材料:是指天然的或人工合成的一类在自然状态含有固态或凝胶状颗粒的小分子,外部尺寸大小在1- 100 nm之间,具有颗粒小、相对表面积大、表面反应活性等特性,由于其独特的理化性质和可塑造性,可通过特异性修饰成为具有靶向性的、可携带抗肿瘤药物或活性因子的一类医用材料,并且可通过修饰和结构改变以适应不同的需求,在肿瘤的诊断辅助和肿瘤治疗领域有着不可限量的前景。
光热治疗:是指利用肿瘤局部紊乱的血管不易散热特点,近红外光照射肿瘤部位后,探针可以将光能转化为热能,通过局部高温可以直接杀灭肿瘤,或通过激活一些分子通路达到杀灭肿瘤细胞的目的。
光动力治疗:是光敏药物和激光活化治疗肿瘤疾病的一种方法,用特定波长照射肿瘤部位,激发光敏剂向肿瘤组织处释放氧分子,进而在组织内产生氧自由基、单线态氧等活性氧簇,产生细胞毒性,达到杀灭低氧肿瘤组织的目的。
 
 
背景:随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料因具有多种优势特性在生物医学中的研究及应用日益增多,也成为抗肿瘤新方法中一个极具前景的研究方向。
目的:综述纳米材料在肿瘤影像诊断与各种治疗方式中的应用。
方法:以“纳米材料;肿瘤影像学诊断;肿瘤治疗;生物毒性”或“nanophase materials;imaging diagnosis of tumor;nanocarriers;treatment of tumors;biological toxicity”为检索词,检索万方、爱思维尔数据库和PubMed数据库中关于纳米材料在肿瘤影像诊断与治疗中应用的文章。

结果与结论:纳米材料具有独特的理化性质和可塑造性,可通过特异性修饰成为具有靶向性的、可携带抗肿瘤药物或活性因子的一类医用材料,并且能通过多种多样的修饰和结构改变以适应不同的需求,在医用领域有着不可限量的前景。目前,纳米材料在肿瘤诊疗方面并非独立的,而是呈一体化趋势,即先靶向至肿瘤组织处,在影像学诊断的同时释放活性药物,或通过光热转化等形式对肿瘤进行杀灭。

ORCID: 0000-0003-2995-8186(陈岳)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 纳米材料, 肿瘤影像学诊断, 肿瘤治疗, 生物毒性, 靶向纳米材料

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of nano-technology, the research and application of nanomaterials in biomedicine are increasing due to various advantages. It becomes a promising research direction in new anti-tumor methods.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of nanomaterials in imaging diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
METHODS: The authors retrieved articles about the application of nanomaterials in tumor imaging diagnosis and treatment in WanFang, VIP, Elsevier and PubMed databases. The keywords were “nanophase materials, imaging diagnosis of tumor, nanocarriers, treatment of tumors, biological toxicity” in Chinese and English, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to its unique physical and chemical properties and plasticity, nanomaterials can become targeted medical materials that can carry anti-tumor drugs or active factors through specific modifications. Moreover, nanomaterials can adapt to different demands through various modifications and structural changes. Therefore, they have an unlimited prospect in the medical field. Currently, nanomaterials are not independent in the aspects of tumor diagnosis and treatment, but show an integration trend; that is, they are first targeted to tumor tissues, release active drugs during imaging diagnosis, or kill tumors through photothermal transformation.

Key words: Nanostructures, Neoplasms, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Tissue Engineering

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