中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2182-2190.doi: 10.12307/2026.126

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    

颈性眩晕模型大鼠颈椎生物力学特性的三维有限元分析

刘佳富1,2,任茹霞3,廖州伟1,周夏丽1,吴益宏1,张少群1   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第四临床医学院,深圳市中医院,广东省深圳市   518033;2广州中医药大学,广东省广州市   510006;3中山大学第七附属医院,广东省深圳市   518107
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-11 接受日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 张少群,博士,主治医师,广州中医药大学第四临床医学院,深圳市中医院,广东省深圳市 518033
  • 作者简介:刘佳富,男,1999年生,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中医药治疗骨关节疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市科技计划基础研究面上项目 (JCYJ20210324111613037),项目负责人:张少群;国家自然科学基金青年项目(82205135),项目负责人:张少群

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of cervical spine biomechanical characteristics in a rat model of cervical vertigo

Liu Jiafu1, 2, Ren Ruxia3, Liao Zhouwei1, Zhou Xiali1, Wu Yihong1, Zhang Shaoqun1   

  1. 1Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; 3Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-02-11 Accepted:2025-05-15 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-08-21
  • Contact: Zhang Shaoqun, MD, Attending physician, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jiafu, Master candidate, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan, No. JCYJ20210324111613037 (to ZSQ); Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82205135 (to ZSQ)

摘要:

文题释义:

颈性眩晕:也称为颈源性眩晕、颈源性头晕或颈部头晕,是指与颈部损伤、颈部疼痛或颈部病变密切相关的眩晕。
有限元分析:是一种数值计算法,将实际物理系统转化为数学模型,把连续体离散成有限个单元 ,设定载荷与边界条件求解,分析结果以获取应力、应变等信息,模拟预测系统工况下的行为性能,广泛用于多学科领域,是工程设计和科研的关键工具。

摘要
背景:颈性眩晕是常见的眩晕类型之一。既往研究多通过建立颈椎不稳大鼠模型模拟颈性眩晕,但其导致颈性眩晕的具体生物力学机制尚不明确。
目的:探究颈性眩晕大鼠颈椎不稳模型的生物力学特征,揭示其致病机制。
方法:基于8周龄健康SD大鼠颈椎三维CT数据,利用Mimics软件构建C2-C7正常颈椎三维几何模型(含椎体、椎间盘、韧带等);颈性眩晕模型通过去除C5-6棘上韧带、棘间韧带及关节突关节软骨构建。应用Ansys软件分析两组模型在负重、屈伸、旋转、侧屈等工况下的颈椎整体应力分布、颈椎整体位移及C5-6椎间盘应力变化。
结果与结论:①各种工况下颈性眩晕组相比正常组的颈椎整体最大总位移均升高,旋转工况增幅最大(左旋转增加84%,右旋转增加233%);②除前屈外,在其他工况下颈性眩晕组相比正常组颈椎整体最大应力均增加,旋转时达峰值(左旋转增加102%,右旋转增加165%);③各种工况下颈性眩晕组相比正常组C5-6椎间盘应力均显著增加,旋转时增幅最大(左旋转增加312%,右旋转增加323%);④提示现有颈性眩晕造模方法可有效降低颈椎稳定性,导致颈椎整体应力集中,尤以C5-6椎间盘在颈椎旋转时异常应力集中最明显;此次研究不仅为当前颈性眩晕大鼠模型的可靠性提供了关键生物力学证据,更揭示了“颈椎不稳-颈椎异常应力集中-颈性眩晕发作”的潜在发病机制。 



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 颈性眩晕, 颈椎不稳, 椎体, 椎间盘, 韧带, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical vertigo is one of the common types of vertigo. Previous studies have mostly simulated cervical vertigo by establishing a rat model of cervical instability, but the specific biomechanical mechanisms leading to cervical vertigo remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the cervical instability model in cervical vertigo rats and reveal its pathogenic mechanisms.
METHODS: Based on the three-dimensional CT data of the cervical spine from 8-week-old healthy rats, a normal three-dimensional geometric model of C2–C7 (including vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and ligaments) was constructed using Mimics software. The cervical vertigo model was created by removing the supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, and facet joint cartilage at C5–6. Ansys software was used to analyze the overall stress distribution, overall displacement of the cervical spine, and stress changes in the C5–6 intervertebral disc under various conditions such as loading, flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending.               
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared to the normal group, the cervical vertigo group exhibited increased maximum total displacement of the cervical spine across all loading conditions, with the largest increments observed during rotation (left rotation: +84%; right rotation: +233%). (2) Except for flexion, the cervical vertigo group showed elevated maximum stress in the cervical spine under all other conditions, peaking during rotation (left rotation: +102%; right rotation: +165%). (3) The C5–6 intervertebral disc stress in the cervical vertigo group was significantly higher than in the normal group under all conditions, with the most pronounced increases during rotation (left rotation: +312%; right rotation: +323%). (4) It is concluded that current cervical vertigo modeling method effectively reduces cervical stability, leading to abnormal stress concentration across the cervical spine, particularly at the C5–6 intervertebral disc during rotation. This study not only provides critical biomechanical evidence supporting the reliability of the rat cervical vertigo model but also elucidates the potential pathogenesis of “cervical instability–abnormal cervical stress concentration–cervical vertigo episodes.”


Key words: cervical vertigo, cervical instability, vertebral body, intervertebral disc, ligament, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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