中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 2091-2100.doi: 10.12307/2026.598

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

季铵化壳聚糖紧急止血材料:合成、机制与应用

郭宇超1,倪前伟2,尹  晨1,吉格尔·赛义力汗1,高  瞻2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学研究生学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054;2新疆军区总医院口腔颌面外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31 接受日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2025-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 高瞻,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,新疆军区总医院口腔颌面外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:郭宇超,男,1997年生,江苏省昆山市人,汉族,新疆医科大学硕士在读,医师,主要从事战创伤止血及颅颌面部防护研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆军区总医院“喀喇昆仑”人才基金项目(2023JC05),项目负责人:倪前伟

Quaternized chitosan hemostatic materials: synthesis, mechanism, and application

Guo Yuchao1, Ni Qianwei2, Yin Chen1, Jigeer·Saiyilihan1, Gao Zhan2     

  1. 1Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-12-31 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2026-03-18 Published:2025-07-29
  • Contact: Gao Zhan, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Guo Yuchao, Master candidate, Physician, Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Xinjiang Military Region General Hospital “Karakoram” Talent Fund Project, No. 2023JC05 (to NQW)

摘要:

文题释义:

季铵化壳聚糖:是通过化学改性将季铵基团引入壳聚糖分子结构中制得的一种壳聚糖衍生物,取代度通常在50%-98%之间。季铵化壳聚糖具有良好的水溶性、抗菌性、絮凝性等性能,抗菌性能优于壳聚糖及其他壳聚糖衍生物,被广泛应用于生物医用工程、制药及现代化工业领域。
止血材料:指一类能够通过物理、化学或生物手段促进血液凝固、减少出血的物质。止血材料的核心功能在于能够快速、有效地在伤口处形成稳定的血栓或凝块,从而达到止血的目的。

背景:季铵化壳聚糖具有良好的凝血机制、水溶性及抗菌性,在止血领域具有广阔的应用前景。
目的:综述季铵化壳聚糖的合成方法、止血机制与应用研究进展。
方法:采用计算机检索万方、PubMed、Web of science数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“壳聚糖,季铵化,止血,止血材料,水凝胶,纳米材料”;英文检索词为“Chitosan,Quaternized chitosan,Hemostasis,Hemostasis material,Hydrogel,Nanostructures”。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,最终纳入62篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:季铵化壳聚糖的阳离子特性、黏附能力和生物活性共同驱动多维度止血机制在紧急止血领域展现出独特的材料优势,其效能不仅依赖于物理性吸附血液水分、浓缩凝血因子以加速血块形成(吸附作用),还通过电荷诱导红细胞聚集、激活血小板黏附与活化通路协同增强凝血级联反应。季铵基团赋予壳聚糖的抗菌性能可进一步降低感染风险,为创伤愈合提供双重保障。采用物理化学方法制备季铵化壳聚糖壳聚糖粉末、海绵、水凝胶和纳米复合材料,可进一步提升材料的止血效能。季铵化壳聚糖止血材料在体外实验和动物模型中表现出良好的止血效果和生物相容性,但目前缺乏足够的临床试验数据来验证其在人体中的安全性和有效性。
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5658-791X(郭宇超)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 壳聚糖, 季铵化壳聚糖, 止血, 止血粉末, 止血海绵, 水凝胶, 纳米材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quaternized chitosan has broad prospects in hemostasis owing to its excellent coagulation mechanism, water solubility, and antibacterial properties.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the synthesis, hemostatic mechanism and application of quaternized chitosan. 
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the WanFang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using Chinese and English search terms included “chitosan, quaternized chitosan, hemostasis, hemostasis material, hydrogel, nanostructures.” Initial screening was performed by reviewing article titles and abstracts to exclude publications unrelated to the research topic. A total of 62 articles were ultimately selected for systematic review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cationic properties, adhesion ability, and bioactivity of quaternized chitosan jointly drive the multi-dimensional hemostatic mechanism, showing unique material advantages in the field of emergency hemostasis. Its efficacy not only depends on the physical adsorption of blood water and the concentration of coagulation factors to accelerate blood clot formation (adsorption), but also synergistically enhances the coagulation cascade reaction by inducing red blood cell aggregation and activating platelet adhesion and activation pathways through charge. The antibacterial properties of chitosan given by quaternary ammonium groups can further reduce the risk of infection and provide double protection for wound healing. The quaternized chitosan powder, sponge, hydrogel, and nanocomposite materials were prepared by physical and chemical methods, which can further improve the hemostatic efficacy of the materials. Quaternized chitosan hemostatic materials showed good hemostatic effects and biocompatibility in the in vitro experiments and animal models, but there is currently a lack of sufficient clinical trial data to verify its safety and effectiveness in humans. 


Key words: chitosan, quaternized chitosan, hemostasis, hemostatic power, hemostatic sponge, hydrogel, nanomaterial 

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