中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 459-468.doi: 10.12307/2025.979

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

壳聚糖在口腔软硬组织修复与再生中的应用

王  卓,孙盼盼,程焕芝,曹婷婷   

  1. 济宁医学院口腔医学院,山东省济宁市  272067
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 接受日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2026-01-18 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 曹婷婷,硕士,讲师,济宁医学院口腔医学院,山东省济宁市 272067
  • 作者简介:王卓,女,2003年生,黑龙江省鹤岗市人,汉族,济宁医学院口腔医学院在读本科,主要从事口腔医学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    济宁医学院大学生创新训练计划项目(cx2024441py),项目负责人:王卓;2023年度济宁医学院本科教学改革研究项目(yb202322),项目负责人:孙盼盼

Application of chitosan in repair and regeneration of oral hard and soft tissues

Wang Zhuo, Sun Panpan, Cheng Huanzhi, Cao Tingting   

  1. School of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-14 Accepted:2024-12-03 Online:2026-01-18 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Wang Zhuo, School of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Cao Tingting, MS, Lecturer, School of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    College Students Innovation Training Program Project of Jining Medical University, No. cx2024441py (to WZ); 2023 Annual School-level Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project of Jining Medical University, No. yb202322 (to SPP)

摘要:

文题释义:
壳聚糖:一种衍生自甲壳素的天然聚合物,是自然界中唯一含游离氨基的阳离子碱性多糖,具有生物相容性、生物降解性、抗氧化性、抗炎活性等特点,在组织修复再生领域展现出广阔的应用前景。
口腔软硬组织:主要包括牙体组织、牙周组织、口腔黏膜、唾液腺、颞下颌关节和颌骨等。其中,牙体组织包括牙釉质、牙本质、牙髓和牙骨质,牙周组织包括牙龈、牙周膜、牙槽骨和牙骨质。

背景:壳聚糖因良好的生物学性能和独特的物理化学性质在生物医学领域占有一席之地,尤其是在组织工程学和药物递送方面有着良好的应用前景。
目的:总结壳聚糖在口腔软硬组织修复再生中作用的研究进展。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed等数据库,以“壳聚糖,口腔黏膜病,牙周病,组织再生,抑菌,药物载体,伤口愈合”为中文检索词,以“chitosan,oral mucosal diseases,periodontal diseases,tissue regeneration,bacteriostatic,drug carrier, wound healing”为英文检索词,文献检索时限限定为2010-2024年,根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入88篇文献进行汇总分析。
结果与结论:壳聚糖具有刺激成骨祖细胞和牙髓干细胞募集和黏附等作用,是骨和牙髓再生中一种很有前途的生物材料。壳聚糖通过抑制口腔中的变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和念珠菌,从而预防龋病、牙周病和念珠菌病的发生。壳聚糖纳米复合材料具有更高的稳定性、更好的生物相容性和药物的缓释特性,并且可以通过与其他化学试剂结合来增强材料的抗癌性能。壳聚糖具有药物输送、抗菌活性、止血和促创面愈合等功能,能够阻断唾液和口腔菌群对创面的侵蚀,缓解疼痛,修复和促进创面愈合。壳聚糖可促进钙化物的沉积,有利于牙釉质和牙本质的再矿化。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5886-8383(王卓);https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0478-1696(曹婷婷)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 壳聚糖, 牙髓再生, 再矿化, 骨组织工程, 载药抗菌, 创面愈合, 工程化口腔材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chitosan has a place in the biomedical field due to its good biological properties and unique physicochemical properties, especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery with good application prospects.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of the role of chitosan in the repair and regeneration of oral soft and hard tissues.
METHODS: A computerized search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed with the search terms “chitosan, oral mucosal diseases, periodontal diseases, tissue regeneration, bacteriostatic, drug carrier, wound healing” in Chinese and English. The search time limit was from 2010 to 2024. After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 88 articles were finally included for summary analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan is a promising biomaterial in bone and pulp regeneration as it has the ability to stimulate the recruitment and adhesion of osteogenic progenitor cells and dental pulp stem cells. Chitosan prevents caries, periodontal disease, and candidiasis by inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida in the oral cavity. Chitosan nanocomposites have higher stability, better biocompatibility, and slow-release properties of drugs and can be enhanced by combining with other chemical reagents to enhance their anticancer properties. Chitosan possesses drug delivery, antibacterial activity, hemostasis and wound healing, which in turn can block the erosion of wounds by saliva and oral flora, relieve pain, repair and promote wound healing. Chitosan promotes the deposition of calcified material, which is conducive to the remineralisation of enamel and dentin.


Key words: chitosan, pulp regeneration, remineralization, bone tissue engineering, drug-carrying antimicrobial, wound healing, engineered oral material

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