中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1359-1367.doi: 10.12307/2026.568

• 软骨组织构建 cartilage tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

鸢尾素抑制人关节软骨细胞中铁死亡的作用及其机制

吕国庆,艾孜麦提江·肉孜,熊道海   

  1. 新疆医科大学第五附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-21 接受日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2025-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 熊道海,硕士,主任医师,新疆医科大学第五附属医院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:吕国庆,女,1976年生,汉族,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事肌骨疼痛康复及危重症康复的基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01C313),项目负责人:吕国庆

Irisin inhibits ferroptosis in human articular chondrocytes: roles and mechanisms

Lyu Guoqing, Aizimaitijiang·Rouzi, Xiong Daohai   

  1. The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-11-21 Accepted:2025-01-14 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2025-07-14
  • Contact: Xiong Haidao, MS, Chief physician, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Lyu Guoqing, MS, Associate chief physician, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2022D01C313 (to LGQ)

摘要:


文题释义:
细胞程序性死亡:是一种受基因调控的主动性细胞死亡形式,包括细胞凋亡、铁死亡、自噬性死亡、坏死性凋亡等。它通过特定信号通路和分子机制维持组织稳态,清除受损或异常细胞,是开发治疗策略的重要研究方向。
铁死亡(Ferroptosis):是一种依赖铁离子代谢失调的程序性细胞死亡形式,其特征是细胞内铁过载导致脂质过氧化的积累,进而引发细胞膜不可逆损伤,在多种疾病如癌症、神经退行性疾病和骨关节炎中发挥关键作用,是研究新型治疗靶点的重要方向。

背景:研究表明,鸢尾素能够通过调控软骨细胞的代谢稳态、抑制炎症反应和氧化应激而减缓关节退化。
目的:进一步探讨鸢尾素在骨关节炎中的治疗作用机制。
方法:①生物信息分析:收集GSE51588和GSE207881数据集中骨关节炎和健康对照软骨组织的基因表达数据。通过基因集变异分析(GSVA)评估程序性细胞死亡在骨关节炎中的活化情况。利用差异表达分析鉴定骨关节炎与对照之间的差异表达基因,并分析相关信号通路。进一步筛选出差异表达的铁死亡相关基因,并通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算曲线下面积(AUC)值,将AUC> 0.9的基因视为核心基因。②细胞实验:将人关节软骨细胞分为4组:对照组(软骨细胞)、模型组(用肿瘤坏死因子α处理软骨细胞建立炎症模型)、模型+Erastin(铁死亡诱导剂)组、模型+Erastin+鸢尾素组。采用ELISA检测软骨细胞谷胱甘肽、丙二醛及活性氧水平;JC-1试剂盒检测线粒体膜电位变化;RT-qPCR检测核心基因及铁死亡相关蛋白的mRNA表达;Western blot检测核心基因、铁死亡相关蛋白、ERK信号通路及凋亡蛋白的蛋白表达。
结果与结论:①基因集变异分析显示铁死亡在骨关节炎中显著激活。②差异表达分析表明,骨关节炎和健康对照之间的差异基因显著富集于Erk信号通路,进一步鉴定出16个差异表达的铁死亡相关基因,其中HMOX1、G6PD和ALOX5的AUC值均> 0.9。③在人关节软骨细胞模型+Erastin组中,谷胱甘肽和线粒体膜电位显著降低,丙二醛和活性氧水平显著升高;HMOX1、G6PD、ALOX5、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4和SLC7A11的表达显著降低;p-ERK和Bax的表达显著升高,而Bcl2的表达显著降低(均P < 0.05);鸢尾素处理后,铁死亡相关指标显著改善(均P < 0.05)。④结论:HMOX1、G6PD、ALOX5等基因可能是骨关节炎潜在的治疗靶点,鸢尾素通过调控铁死亡相关基因及信号通路,对骨关节炎具有保护作用。

关键词: 骨关节炎, 鸢尾素, 铁死亡, 治疗靶点, 核心基因, 生物信息分析, 信号通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that irisin can delay joint degeneration by modulating the metabolic homeostasis of chondrocytes and inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
OBJECTIVE: To further explore the mechanism by which irisin exerts therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis. 
METHODS: (1) Bioinformatics analysis: Gene expression data from cartilage tissues of patients with osteoarthritis and healthy controls were obtained from the GSE51588 and GSE207881 datasets. Gene set variation analysis assessed the activation of programmed cell death in osteoarthritis. Differential expression analysis identified differentially expressed genes between osteoarthritis and control samples, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes were further identified, with those having an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve greater than 0.9 designated as core genes. (2) Cell experiment. Human articular chondrocytes were divided into four groups: control (chondrocytes), model (inflammatory models were established in chondrocytes induced by tumor necrosis factor α), model+Erastin (a ferroptosis inducer), and model+Erastin+irisin. ELISA measured glutathione, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels, while JC-1 assays assessed mitochondrial membrane potential. RT-qPCR quantified mRNA levels of core and ferroptosis-related genes, and western blot analyzed the expression of core genes, ferroptosis-related proteins, ERK pathway components, and apoptotic proteins. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gene set variation analysis indicated significant ferroptosis activation in osteoarthritis. (2) Differential expression analysis highlighted significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the ERK signaling pathway. Sixteen ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes including HMOX1, G6PD, and ALOX5, were identified, all with the area under the curve values above 0.9. (3) In the human articular chondrocytes model+Erastin group, glutathione levels and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly, while malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels increased. The expression of HMOX1, G6PD, ALOX5, glutathione peroxidase 4, and SLC7A11 was significantly downregulated, while p-ERK and Bax levels rose, and Bcl2 decreased (all P < 0.05). Irisin treatment significantly improved ferroptosis-related markers (all P < 0.05). To conclude, HMOX1, G6PD, and ALOX5 may be potential therapeutic targets of osteoarthritis. Irisin offers protective effects in osteoarthritis by modulating ferroptosis-related genes and pathways.

Key words: osteoarthritis, irisin, ferroptosis, therapeutic target, core gene, bioinformatics analysis, signaling pathway

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