中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9120-9127.doi: 10.12307/2026.260

• 骨组织构建 bone tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

印苦楝内酯调节破骨细胞分化及凋亡缓解骨质疏松症

李文豪,张  巍,李文明,夏文宇,吴泽彬,耿德春   

  1. 苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市   215006
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-24 修回日期:2026-01-04 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 耿德春,博士,研究员,苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市 215006
  • 作者简介:李文豪,男,1999年生,湖南省衡阳市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事骨质疏松及骨免疫相关基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX243339),项目负责人:李文明

Nimbolide relieves osteoporosis by regulating osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis

Li Wenhao, Zhang Wei, Li Wenming, Xia Wenyu, Wu Zebin, Geng Dechun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-24 Revised:2026-01-04 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-24
  • Contact: Geng Dechun, PhD, Researcher, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Li Wenhao, MS, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, No. KYCX243339 (to LWM)

摘要:


文题释义:
印苦楝内酯:是一种从印度苦楝树的花和叶中提取的三萜类活性化合物,已被证明具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗细菌感染等多种生物活性。
骨质疏松:是一种以低骨量、骨小梁微结构破坏及病理性骨折易感性显著升高为特征的系统性骨代谢障碍,核心病理机制在于破骨细胞介导的骨吸收-成骨细胞介导的骨形成偶联失衡,其中破骨细胞异常分化驱动的病理性骨丢失被视为疾病进展的核心驱动因素。

背景:印苦楝内酯是一种三萜类活性化合物,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗细菌感染等多种生物活性。然而,印苦楝内酯是否可以通过调节破骨细胞分化及凋亡而减轻骨质疏松症仍未见报道。
目的:探讨印苦楝内酯对破骨细胞分化、凋亡以及骨质疏松症的影响。
方法:①细胞实验:将小鼠骨髓来源巨噬细胞分为4组,对照组使用含巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的α-MEM完全培养基培养,破骨诱导组使用含巨噬细胞集落刺激因子及核因子κB受体活化因子配体的α-MEM完全培养基培养,印苦楝内酯低、高剂量组在破骨诱导分化培养基中加入100 nmol/L或200 nmol/L印苦楝内酯培养。抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色、Annexin V-FITC/PI染色和RT-qPCR检测印苦楝内酯对破骨细胞分化及破骨细胞凋亡的影响。②体内实验:将24只8周龄雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组:假手术组仅切除卵巢周围脂肪,模型组切除双侧卵巢,印苦楝内酯低、高剂量组在造模后腹腔注射5,10 mg/kg印苦楝内酯溶液,每2 d注射1次,造模8周后收集血清及股骨进行相关检测。
结果与结论:①细胞实验:RT-qPCR以及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色结果显示,印苦楝内酯可以抑制破骨分化相关基因的表达,抑制体外破骨细胞分化;RT-qPCR以及Annexin V-FITC/PI染色结果显示,印苦楝内酯可以抑制凋亡相关基因的表达,诱导成熟破骨细胞凋亡;RT-qPCR结果显示印苦楝内酯可以通过Fas/Fasl信号通路促进破骨细胞凋亡,且印苦楝内酯对破骨细胞分化及凋亡的调节作用呈现浓度依赖性。②动物实验:Micro-CT以及苏木精-伊红染色结果显示,印苦楝内酯可以减少雌激素缺乏性骨质疏松小鼠的骨质流失,且10 mg/kg印苦楝内酯效果更好;印苦楝内酯对去卵巢小鼠血清雌二醇水平无显著影响。结果表明:体外实验证实印苦楝内酯不仅可以抑制破骨细胞分化,还可以促进成熟破骨细胞凋亡;体内实验证实印苦楝内酯可以减轻雌激素缺乏性骨质疏松小鼠的过量骨丢失。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-5196 (李文豪) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 印苦楝内酯, 破骨细胞分化, 破骨细胞凋亡, 骨质疏松症, 绝经后骨质疏松症, 骨破坏, 破骨细胞, 骨稳态

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nimbolide, a triterpenoid bioactive compound, exhibits multiple biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antibacterial effects. However, its potential to alleviate osteoporosis by regulating osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis remains unreported.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nimbolide on osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast apoptosis, and osteoporosis.
METHODS: (1) Cell experiments: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were divided into four groups: the cells were cultured in α-MEM complete medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the control group; the cells were cultured in α-MEM complete medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in the osteoclast induction group; the cells were cultured in osteoclast-inducing differentiation medium supplemented with 100 nmol/L or 200 nmol/L nimbolide, respectively in the low- and high-dose nimbolide groups. The effects of nimbolide on osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis were assessed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and RT-qPCR. (2) In vivo experiments: Twenty-four 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: The mice in the sham group underwent only removal of perovarian fat; the mice in the model group underwent bilateral ovariectomy. The low-dose and high-dose nimbolide groups received intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg nimbolide solutions, respectively, every 2 days after modeling. Serum and femoral samples were collected after 8 weeks of modeling for relevant analyses.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cell experiments: RT-qPCR and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed that nimbolide inhibited the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related genes and suppressed osteoclast differentiation in vitro. RT-qPCR and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining demonstrated that nimbolide suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related genes and induced apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that nimbolide promotes osteoclast apoptosis through the Fas/Fasl signaling pathway, with its regulatory effects on osteoclast differentiation and apoptosis exhibiting concentration-dependent properties. (2) Animal experiments: Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining results demonstrated that nimbolide reduced bone loss in estrogen-deficient osteoporotic mice, with a more pronounced effect at 10 mg/kg; nimbolide had no significant impact on serum estradiol levels in ovariectomized mice. In vitro experiments confirm that nimbolide not only inhibits osteoclast differentiation but also promotes apoptosis in mature osteoclasts. In vivo experiments confirm that nimbolide can mitigate excessive bone loss in estrogen-deficient osteoporosis in mice.


Key words: nimbolide, osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast apoptosis, osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone destruction, osteoclasts, bone homeostasis

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