中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7648-7653.doi: 10.12307/2026.414

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印外骨骼对脑卒中患者手功能康复效果的系统综述

唐  娅1,李  龙2,黄  杜3,黄朝露1   

  1. 1黔东南民族职业技术学院,贵州省凯里市   556000;2贵州大学,贵州省贵阳市   550025;3中国铁路成都局集团有限公司,贵州省凯里市   556000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29 修回日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 李龙,博士,副教授,贵州大学,贵州省贵阳市 550025
  • 作者简介:唐娅,女,1990年生,四川省遂宁市人,汉族,硕士,讲师,主要从事康复辅助器具和生物医学工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科学技术协会2025年度“新质黔沿”引领项目(2025XZQYXM-01-20),项目负责人:唐娅;贵州省卫生健康高质量发展医学科研联合基金项目(2024GZYXKYJJXM0145),项目负责人:李龙;黔东南民族职业技术学院院级资助项目(24zyyjsk02),项目负责人:唐娅

Systematic review of the effect of 3D-printed exoskeleton on hand function rehabilitation in stroke patients

Tang Ya1, Li Long2, Huang Du3, Huang Zhaolu1   

  1. 1Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; 3China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Ltd., Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-29 Revised:2025-12-16 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Li Long, PhD, Associate professor, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Tang Ya, MS, Lecturer, Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Association for Science and Technology 2025 Annual "New Quality Frontier" Leading Project, No. 2025XZQYXM-01-20 (to TY); Guizhou Provincial Joint Fund for Healthcare High-Quality Development Medical Research, No. 2024GZYXKYJJXM0145 (to LL); College-Level Funding Program of Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, No. 24zyyjsk02 (to TY)

摘要:



文题释义:
脑卒中:是一种因脑血管受损引发急性脑循环障碍的脑组织损伤性疾病,根据病理机制可分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中两大类。
外骨骼:是一种可穿戴的机电一体化智能装置,通过集成传感器、驱动系统和自适应算法,实时感知人体运动意图并协同机械结构提供助力,从而增强人体运动能力或辅助功能障碍患者进行康复训练。

目的:基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》框架,系统评价不同类型3D打印外骨骼对脑卒中患者手功能康复的临床疗效。
方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网和中国生物医学文献数据库,收集2015年1月至2024年12月发表的3D打印外骨骼干预脑卒中患者手功能的文献。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并进行方法学质量评价,遵循PRISMA指南规范系统综述流程。
结果:最终纳入13篇文献,涉及美国、中国、荷兰、意大利、新加坡和土耳其6个国家,共62例脑卒中患者。根据Brunnstrom分期将外骨骼分为辅助型(Ⅰ期)、矫正型(Ⅱ-Ⅲ期)、训练型(Ⅳ-Ⅵ期)和代偿型(Ⅳ-Ⅵ期)4类,干预方式包括机构康复、家庭康复和机构-家庭康复,干预方案为每次15-90 min,每周3-7次,持续5-8周。研究结果显示:辅助型外骨骼改善精细手使用能力以及自我照顾能力;矫正型外骨骼改善关节活动功能、肌张力、握力以及精细手使用能力;训练型外骨骼改善关节活动功能、上肢肌肉力量以及自我照顾能力;代偿型外骨骼提升精细手使用能力及手和手臂使用能力。
结论:基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》框架的证据表明,3D打印外骨骼改善脑卒中患者手部功能以及活动和参与能力。建议根据Brunnstrom分期选择匹配的外骨骼类型,并制定个体化干预方案,以实现康复的最佳效果。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3428-8997(唐娅);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-8184(李龙)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 3D打印, 外骨骼, 脑卒中康复, 手功能, 系统综述, 国际功能、残疾和健康分类, Brunnstrom分期

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of different types of 3D-printed exoskeletons in hand function rehabilitation for stroke patients based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and CBM databases for literature published between January 2015 and December 2024 on 3D-printed exoskeleton interventions for post-stroke hand function rehabilitation. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.
RESULTS: A total of 13 studies involving 62 stroke patients from the United States, China, the Netherlands, Italy, Singapore, and Turkey were finally included. Based on the Brunnstrom stages, exoskeletons were categorized into four types: assistive (Stage I), corrective (Stages II–III), training-oriented (Stages IV–VI), and compensatory (Stages IV–VI). Interventions were delivered via institution-based, home-based, or combined institution-home rehabilitation, with session durations ranging from 15 to 90 minutes, frequencies of 3 to 7 sessions per week, and a total duration of 5 to 8 weeks. The results showed that assistive exoskeletons improved fine hand use ability and self-care capacity of patients; corrective exoskeletons enhanced joint mobility, muscle tone regulation, grip strength, and fine hand use ability; training-oriented exoskeletons improved joint mobility, upper limb muscle strength, and self-care performance; compensatory exoskeletons promoted fine hand dexterity and combined hand-arm functional utilization.
CONCLUSION: Evidence based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework demonstrates that 3D-printed exoskeletons effectively enhance hand function, activity, and participation in stroke patients. It is recommended to select exoskeleton types matched to Brunnstrom stages and develop individualized intervention plans to achieve optimal rehabilitation outcomes.

Key words: 3D printing, exoskeleton, stroke rehabilitation, hand function, systematic review, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Brunnstrom stage 

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