中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 5033-5039.doi: 10.12307/2026.244

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

精准医疗背景下乳腺癌类器官药物治疗领域的应用与前景

牟健诚1，罗  杰1，刘皓天1，杨卓涛1，穆誉霄1，钱  达2，孟旭莉1   

  1. 1杭州医学院附属医院/浙江省人民医院乳腺外科，浙江省杭州市   310000；2苏州大学附属常熟医院/常熟市第一人民医院整形外科，江苏省常熟市   215500
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 接受日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-07-08 发布日期:2026-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 钱达，博士，主治医师，苏州大学附属常熟医院/常熟市第一人民医院整形外科，江苏省常熟市 215500； 通讯作者：孟旭莉，硕士，教授，杭州医学院附属医院/浙江省人民医院乳腺外科，浙江省杭州市 310000
  • 作者简介:牟健诚，男，2000年生，浙江省台州市人，汉族，浙江中医药大学外科学在读专业型硕士，主要从事乳腺癌方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82404685)，项目负责人：钱达；浙江省科学技术厅2023年度“尖兵”“领雁”项目(2023C03044)，项目负责人：孟旭莉

Application and prospects of precision-medicine-driven breast cancer organoids in therapeutic drug discovery

Mou Jiancheng1, Luo Jie1, Liu Haotian1, Yang Zhuotao1, Mu Yuxiao1, Qian Da2, Meng Xuli1   

  1. 1Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College/Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China; 2Department of Plastic Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University/Changshu First People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Accepted:2025-11-18 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Qian Da, MD, Attending physician, Department of Plastic Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University/Changshu First People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China; Corresponding author: Meng Xuli, MS, Professor, Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College/Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • About author:Mou Jiancheng, MS candidate, Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College/Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82404685 (to QD); Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2023 "Pioneer" and "Leader" Projects, No. 2023C03044 (to MXL)

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摘要：

文题释义：

类器官：是利用干细胞或组织细胞在体外三维(3D)培养条件下，通过自我组织形成的微型器官模型，其结构和功能高度模拟人体内对应的真实器官。
精准医疗：是一种基于患者个体化特征(包括基因信息、环境因素、生活方式等)的现代医疗模式，旨在通过精确预测、诊断、治疗和预防疾病，实现个性化、高效且低风险的医疗服务。

摘要
背景：乳腺癌类器官作为一种新型的体外模型，既可以模拟乳腺癌的生物学特性，也可以一定程度还原肿瘤微环境对肿瘤的影响，为乳腺癌的各类研究及精准治疗提供支持。
目的：综述近年来乳腺癌类器官技术在化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗的药物领域的应用现状并表述目前存在的局限性，进一步推动其在乳腺癌治疗当中的应用。 
方法：第一作者于2025年6月在中国知网和PubMed数据库检索发表时间为2010年1月至2025年6月的有关文献。以“类器官，乳腺类器官，乳腺癌类器官，乳腺癌模型实验验证，精准治疗，靶向治疗，化疗，免疫治疗，药物敏感性”为中文检索词；以“organoid，breast organoid，breast cancer organoid，breast cancer experimental model，precision medicine，targeted therapy，chemotherapy，immunotherapy，drug sensitivity”为英文检索词，最终纳入58篇文献进行综述。 
结果与结论：①相较于传统的乳腺癌细胞实验验证，缺少组织结构与细胞之间的相互作用验证以及体内相关微环境的验证，乳腺癌类器官原始肿瘤细胞来源多样，培养体系的不断创新，可以模拟细胞之间的相互作用，并且还原了乳腺癌及其肿瘤微环境的生物学特征，使得乳腺癌类器官成为乳腺癌研究领域最具潜力的工具之一，也为其通过药物敏感性筛选来改善临床乳腺癌患者的治疗耐药提供更大可能。②乳腺癌类器官的药敏试验结果应用于临床实践获得了不错的结果，通过常见化疗药物、靶向药物和免疫治疗药物在乳腺癌类器官中进行药敏性测试，对药物的抗肿瘤作用机制以及多种药物的协同作用进行验证，避免了在患者身上应用原发耐药以及毒性反应大的治疗药物，为患者制定个性化的治疗方案以及有试验基础的精准医疗策略。③乳腺癌类器官在药物筛选治疗等实际应用中仍存在局限，如模型构建的成功率仍然偏低、模型生长困难、缺乏血管生成的过程等，为了克服这些局限，需要提高来源组织量、完善培养体系、改进创新培养技术，才有助于更好地通过乳腺癌类器官进行全面的治疗药物选择，为制定个性化的精准医疗提供帮助。

关键词: 乳腺癌类器官, 精准医疗, 个体化治疗, 药物筛选, 化疗, 靶向治疗, 免疫治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast cancer organoids, as a novel in vitro model, can not only simulate the biological characteristics of breast cancer but also to some extent reproduce the impact of the tumor microenvironment on the tumor, facilitating research on breast cancer and further promoting precision medicine.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application status of breast cancer organoids in the field of therapeutic drugs, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, over the past few years, and to discuss the existing limitations in order to further promote their application in breast cancer treatment.
METHODS: The first author conducted a search in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases in June 2025, with the publication time of the literature ranging from January 2010 to June 2025. The Chinese and English search terms included "organoid, breast organoid, breast cancer organoid, breast cancer experimental model, precision medicine, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, drug sensitivity." A total of 58 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with traditional breast cancer cell experiments that lack validation of tissue structure, cell-to-cell interactions, and in vivo microenvironments, breast cancer organoids, with their diverse origins from primary tumor cells and continuous innovation in culture systems, can simulate cell-to-cell interactions and reproduce the biological characteristics of breast cancer and its tumor microenvironment. This makes breast cancer organoids one of the most promising tools in the field of breast cancer research and provides greater potential for improving treatment resistance in clinical breast cancer patients through drug sensitivity screening. (2) The application of drug sensitivity trial results from breast cancer organoids in clinical practice has yielded promising outcomes. By conducting drug sensitivity tests with common chemotherapeutic agents, targeted drugs, and immunotherapeutic agents in breast cancer organoids, the mechanisms of drug action against tumors and the synergistic effects of multiple drugs are validated. This approach helps avoid the use of primarily resistant and highly toxic treatment drugs in patients, enabling the formulation of personalized treatment plans and evidence-based precision medical strategies. (3) Breast cancer organoids still face limitations in practical applications, such as low success rates in model construction, difficulties in model growth, and the lack of angiogenesis processes. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to increase the amount of source tissue, improve culture systems, and innovate culture techniques. These improvements will facilitate comprehensive therapeutic drug selection through breast cancer organoids and assist in the development of personalized precision medicine.


Key words: breast cancer organoids, precision medicine, personalized therapy, drug screening, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy

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