中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3435-3445.doi: 10.12307/2026.143

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞及外泌体治疗支气管肺发育不良

黄  佳1,2,严清艳1,2,杨  星1,2,朱晓萍1,3,罗红芳1,2   

  1. 1贵州医科大学临床医学院儿科学教研室,贵州省贵阳市   550004;2贵州医科大学第二附属医院儿科,贵州省凯里市   556000;3贵州医科大学附属医院儿科,贵州省贵阳市   550004
  • 接受日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 罗红芳,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,贵州医科大学临床医学院儿科学教研室,贵州省贵阳市 550004;贵州医科大学第二附属医院儿科,贵州省凯里市 556000; 共同通讯作者:朱晓萍,主任医师,博士研究生导师,贵州医科大学临床医学院儿科学教研室,贵州省贵阳市 550004;贵州医科大学附属医院儿科,贵州省贵阳市 550004
  • 作者简介:黄佳,女,1999年生,硕士,主要从事儿童呼吸疾病的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技厅社会发展攻关项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y124号),项目负责人:朱晓萍

Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Huang Jia1, 2, Yan Qingyan1, 2, Yang Xing1, 2, Zhu Xiaoping1, 3, Luo Hongfang1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China; 3Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-08-05 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Luo Hongfang, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China Co-corresponding author: Zhu Xiaoping, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Huang Jia, MS, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Social Development Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. [2020]4Y124 (to ZXP)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:是一类具有多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,能在特定条件下分化为多种细胞类型,如成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肺泡上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞等,还能分泌多种生长因子、细胞因子和外泌体,在组织损伤修复中具有重要的调节作用。
支气管肺发育不良:是一种以肺泡发育受限、肺组织结构简化、肺血管发育不良以及肺功能异常为主要表现的新生儿肺部疾病。

摘要
背景:间充质干细胞及其外泌体可通过抗氧化、抗炎、促进血管新生和抑制肺纤维化等机制,有效缓解肺损伤,促进肺组织修复和功能重建,从而在一定程度上改善支气管肺发育不良的病程和预后。
目的:综述间充质干细胞及其外泌体在支气管肺发育不良中的研究现状。
方法:由第一作者检索中国知网、PubMed数据库,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年3月,以“间充质干细胞,外泌体,支气管肺发育不良,纳米水凝胶,作用机制”为中文检索词,以“mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,nanohydrogels,mechanism of action”为英文检索词,最终选取符合标准的85篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞及其外泌体可介导多种治疗机制,包括缓解氧化应激反应、促进血管生成与血管修复、抑制肺纤维化进程、抗细胞凋亡、调节细胞自噬、参与免疫调节、炎症反应抑制等,在支气管肺发育不良防治中展现出良好的应用前景,有望成为该病的重要治疗策略之一。②在传统给药方式下,间充质干细胞及其外泌体难以在肺部实现长期滞留,从而限制了对受损组织的持续修复能力。近年来,水凝胶等工程化生物材料的引入为此问题提供了新的解决思路。水凝胶不仅能够实现外泌体在肺组织中的缓释释放,还可在一定程度上使其免受肺内炎症微环境的影响,从而提升其生物稳定性和治疗效能。因此,基于水凝胶的干细胞及外泌体递送系统有望成为未来支气管肺发育不良治疗研究的热点方向。

关键词: 支气管肺发育不良, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 工程化材料, 水凝胶, 氧化应激

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles can effectively alleviate lung injury, promote lung tissue repair and functional reconstruction through mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, promoting angiogenesis, and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis, thereby improving the course and prognosis of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia to a certain extent.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current research status of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
METHODS: The first author searched articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases. The time limit for literature search was from the establishment of each database to March 2025. “Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, nanohydrogels, mechanism of action” were used as Chinese and English search terms. Finally, 85 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles can mediate various therapeutic mechanisms, including alleviating oxidative stress response, promoting angiogenesis and vascular repair, inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis process, anti-apoptosis, regulating cell autophagy, and participating in immune regulation and inflammation inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have shown good application prospects in the prevention and treatment of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and are expected to become one of the important treatment strategies for this disease. (2) Under traditional administration methods, mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles are difficult to achieve long-term retention in the lungs, thereby limiting their ability to sustain repair of damaged tissues. In recent years, the introduction of engineering biomaterials such as hydrogels has provided a new solution to this problem. Hydrogel can not only realize the slow release of exosomes in the lung tissue, but also protect them from the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment in the lung to a certain extent, thus improving their biological stability and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the hydrogel-based stem cell and exocrine delivery system is expected to become a hot research direction in the treatment of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the future.

Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, engineering material, hydrogel, oxidative stress

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