中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 6800-6810.doi: 10.12307/2025.684

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞治疗再生障碍性贫血:抑制或激活其病理演变过程中的相关靶点

张溥链,刘宝茹,杨  敏   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属医院血液内科,贵州省遵义市  563000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17 接受日期:2024-08-27 出版日期:2025-11-08 发布日期:2025-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 杨敏,教授,硕士生导师,遵义医科大学附属医院血液内科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:张溥链,女,1998年生,贵州省毕节市人,回族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨髓衰竭性疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    博士科研启动基金项目[院字(2023)02号],项目负责人:刘宝茹;贵州省基础研究计划项目[黔科合基础-ZK(2022)一般651],项目负责人:刘宝茹;贵州省教育厅项目(JZ-2021-9),项目负责人:刘宝茹

Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of aplastic anemia: inhibiting or activating relevant targets in its pathological evolution

Zhang Pulian, Liu Baoru, Yang Min   

  1. Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-17 Accepted:2024-08-27 Online:2025-11-08 Published:2025-02-27
  • Contact: Yang Min, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Pulian, Master candidate, Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project, No. [Faculty Letter (2023) 02] (to LBR); Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program Project, No. [Qian Kehe Basic-ZK (2022) General 651] (to LBR); Project of the Department of Education of Guizhou Province, No. JZ-2021-9 (to LBR)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:是一种多能干细胞,可从多种组织中获取,具有独特的再生、修复、血管生成和免疫抑制特性。骨髓间充质干细胞是造血微环境的核心组成部分,其分化的细胞和衍生因子参与调解正常的骨髓造血过程。
再生障碍性贫血:是一种骨髓造血功能衰竭性疾病,导致外周血细胞减少和造血细胞增殖能力下降,在亚洲国家较多见,主要的病理改变为骨髓造血细胞和造血组织减少、骨髓脂肪化发展。再生障碍性贫血的发病机制复杂,主要与造血干细胞缺陷、造血微环境异常、免疫异常和遗传因素有关。

摘要
背景:目前再生障碍性贫血的主要治疗方法是进行造血干细胞移植和免疫抑制治疗。然而,治疗后的并发症和不良反应严重影响了再生障碍性贫血患者的预后和生活质量。间充质干细胞有着独特的低免疫原性,可抑制T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、树突细胞、自然杀伤细胞的增殖与活化,调节机体免疫,为再生障碍性贫血和移植物抗宿主病带来了良好的细胞治疗前景。
目的:综述近几年间充质干细胞在再生障碍性贫血中的应用进展,以及间充质干细胞与再生障碍性贫血发病机制之间的相关性,为再生障碍性贫血患者提供新的治疗理论基础和更有效的治疗方案。
方法:检索2003年1月至2024年2月中国知网和PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“再生障碍性贫血,间充质干细胞,造血干细胞,造血,造血微环境,造血干细胞移植,生物学,免疫,移植物抗宿主病”;英文检索词为“aplastic anemia,mesenchymal stem cell,hematopoietic stem cell,hematopoiesis,hematopoietic microenvironment,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,biology, immuno-modulatory,immune regulation,graft-versus-host disease,chronic graft-versus-host disease,acute graft-versus-host disease”。排除低质量、重复、内容陈旧的文献,最终纳入88篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞作为一种多能干细胞,可通过细胞间直接接触、分泌多种造血相关因子、参与造血相关通路来重塑造血功能;②与间充质干细胞联合免疫抑制剂输注、单纯间充质干细胞输注相比,间充质干细胞联合造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血患者更能发挥两种干细胞的疗效,显著降低慢性和Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率,提高患者的总生存期;③使用脐带来源和传代次数< 6次的间充质干细胞,并且在造血干细胞移植前输注的方案可能是更有效的治疗选择;④间充质干细胞与再生障碍性贫血发病机制之间存在密切联系,通过抑制或激活再生障碍性贫血病理演变过程中相关的靶点,可能为再生障碍性贫血带来新的治疗方案。

关键词: 再生障碍性贫血, 间充质干细胞, 造血干细胞移植, 细胞治疗, 造血微环境, 移植物抗宿主病, 发病机制, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, the main treatment for aplastic anemia is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. However, treatment-induced complications and adverse effects seriously affect the prognosis and quality of life of patients with aplastic anemia. Mesenchymal stem cells have a unique low immunogenicity, which can inhibit the proliferation and activation of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, and regulate the body’s immunity. Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for cell therapy for aplastic anemia and graft-versus-host disease.
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of the application of mesenchymal stem cells in aplastic anemia in recent years, and the correlation between mesenchymal stem cells and the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. This article hopes to provide patients with aplastic anemia with a new theoretical basis for treatment and more effective treatment options.
METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI database were searched from January 2003 to February 2024. The search terms included “aplastic anemia, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoiesis, hematopoietic microenvironment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, biology, immunity, graft-versus-host disease” in Chinese and “aplastic anemia, mesenchymal stem cell, hematopoietic stem cell, hematopoiesis, hematopoietic microenvironment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, biology, immuno-modulatory, immune regulation, graft-versus-host disease, chronic graft-versus-host disease, acute graft-versus-host disease” in English. Low-quality, repetitive, and outdated articles were excluded, and 88 papers were finally included for review and analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) As a kind of pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells can remodel hematopoietic function through direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of various hematopoietic-related factors, and participation in hematopoietic-related pathways. (2) Compared with mesenchymal stem cells combined with immunosuppressant infusion and infusion of mesenchymal cells alone, mesenchymal stem cells combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of patients with aplastic anemia can better utilize the therapeutic efficacy of the two types of stem cells, significantly reduce the incidence of chronic and III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease, and improve the overall survival of patients. (3) Protocols that use mesenchymal stem cells of umbilical cord origin and <6 passages and that are infused prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be more effective therapeutic options. (4) There is a close link between mesenchymal stem cells and the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia, which may lead to new therapeutic options for aplastic anemia through the inhibition or activation of relevant targets in the pathological evolution of aplastic anemia.


Key words: ">aplastic anemia, mesenchymal stem cell, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cell-based therapy, hematopoietic microenvironment, graft-versus-host disease, pathogenesis, review

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